battering rule

See batter - rule. battering-train (bat'er-ing-trān), n. Milit., a train of heavy ordnance for siege operations. batter-level (bat'er-level), n. An instrument for measuring the inclination of a slope. See clinometer. batter-rule, battering-rule (bat'er-röl, -ingröl), n. An instrument for regulating the batter or inclination in building a sloping wall. It consists of a plumb-line attached to a triangular frame, one side of which is fixed at the required angle with the line, the plummet hanging vertically. Batter sea enamel. See enamel. 477 Bring therefore all the forces that ye may, And lay ince ant battery to her heart. Spenser, Sonnets, xiv. Long time you fought, redoubled battery bore, But, after all, against yourself you swore. Dryden, Hind and Panther, 1. 626. 2. In law, the unlawful beating of another. The least degree of violence, or even the touching or spitting in the face of another, in anger or insolence, constitutes a battery. Every battery includes an a ault, though an a ault does not nece arily imply that it must be such as to threaten a battery. See a ault. 3. The instrument or agency employed in battering or attacking: as, a battery of guns; a battery of abuse. Specifically-4. Milit.: (a) A body of cannon for field operations, consisting generally of from 4 to 8 guns, with complement of wagons, artillerymen, etc. (b) The armament of a ship of war: as, the Colorado's battery consists of 46 nine-inch guns.-5. The personnel or complement of officers and men attached to a military battery.-6. In fort., a parapet thrown up to cover the gunners and others from the enemy's shot, with the guns employed; a fortified work mounting artillery. Admiral Farragut had run the batteries at Port Hudson with the flagship Hartford and one iron-clad and visited me from below Vicksburg. U. S. Grant , Personal Memoirs, I. 464. 7. In base - ball, the pitcher and catcher together: as, the work of the battery was excellent.8. (a) In frictional elect., a number of Leyden Leyden-jar Battery. jars usually arranged with their inner coatings connected together, and their outer coatings also connected, so that they may all be charged and discharged at the same time. If arranged so that the inner coating of one is in connection with the outer coating of the next, and so on, they are said to be charged (or discharged) in cascade. (b) In voltaic Voltaic Plunge-battery. P elect ., a voltaic cell, or more properly a num- ber of voltaic cells (see cell ) arranged together so as to give a powerful current of electricity. The way in which the cells are coupled depends upon the nature of the cur- rent which is desired and the relation between the external and internal re- sistance. (See resistance .) For example, if the cells are arranged in series, the copper of the first with the zinc of the next, and so on, the result is to give the maximum electromotive force; on the other hand, if arranged abreast, all the zincs being connected together, and all the copper plates together, the electromotive force is the same as for a single cell, but the internal or bat- tery resistance is diminished, and hence the strength of the current or the quan- tity of electricity may, under certain conditions, be much increased. The first method is sometimes spoken of in popular language as the arrange- ment for intensity , the second for battery (bat'er-i), n.; pl. batteries (-iz). [Early quantity . An early form of battery mod. E. also batery , batterie , batterie (= Pr. bataria = Sp. Pg. bateria = It. batter i a ; ML. batter i a ), a beating, battery, battre , beat: see batter1 and -ery.] 1. The act of battering; at- tack or a ault, with the view of beating down, as by a battering-ram or by ordnance. Volta's Pile or Battery. battery In mach., an a emblage of similar constructions or parts: as, a battery of boilers; a battery of stamps in a stamping-mill; a battery of sugar-kettles. The dark sugar-house; the battery of huge caldrons, with their yellow juice boiling like a sea, half-hidden in clouds of steam. G. W. Cable , Creoles of Louisiana, p. 112. 11. In the manufacture of nitric acid, a combination of large bottles and carboys serving as a condensing apparatus for the acid vapors. -12. In hat - making, a large open boiler containing water to which some sulphuric acid has been added. It is surrounded by planks which slope toward the center, and is used in felting.-13. Metals, or articles of metal, especially of bra or copper, wrought by hammering; hammered metals or utensils; especially, apparatus for preparing or serving meals; all metallic utensils of service for the kitchen. Compare batter i a. Soon our tea battery came in, and she [the maid-servant] was forced to surrender the table for our use. The first IMG:content-1753.jpg:[graphic] At one place above the rest, by continual batterie there was such a breach as the towne lay open and naked to the enemie. Holland, tr. of Livy, p. 397. was Volta's pile , and another his cou -1. positive wire; n, ronne des ta es , or "crown of cups." negative wire. The different kinds of battery are named according to the materials or the form of the cells of which they are composed, or the way in which the cells are arranged. Some of the commoner kinds are the Daniell, Grove, Bunsen, Le Clanché, gravity , bichromate , etc. For a description of these and others, see cell . 9. In optics , a series of lenses or of prisms, as in the spectroscope, combined in use.-10. instruments of the aforesaid battery looked like prepara- tions for scrubbing the floor. Harper's Mag ., LXVI. 695. There are [in Middelburg Town-hall museum), among other things, the grand old feasting batteries of the various guilds and corporations. Harper's Mag ., LXIX. 334. 14. An oblong box submerged to the rim in the water, used as a boat, and for concealment, by persons engaged in shooting wild fowl; a sink boat. One of the commonest and most succe ful methods of killing fowl along the seaboard is from batteries . Forest and Stream , XXIII. 441. 15. In coal - mining : (a) A structure built of timber, to keep the coal in the breast or prevent it from sliding down the shute. (b) A platform on which miners stand while working in thin and steeply pitching beds of coal. [Pennsylvania.] - Ambulant battery, a battery of heavy siege-guns provided with traveling-carriages to transport them from point to point. - Anderson battery, a galvanic battery using zinc and carbon in baths of muriate of ammonia, oxalate of chromium, and pota ium.-Barbette battery. See barbette . - Battery amalgamation, in mining , amalgamation effected by placing mercury in the battery or mortars while the metalliferous rock is being stamped. - Blinded battery, a battery in which the guns are protected by an armored parapet, by bomb-proof blinds or casemates, or by embrasure-casings or mantelets. - Breaching-battery, a battery so placed that its fire is perpendicular, or nearly so, to a line of wall or parapet to be breached. It is used for making an opening in the enemy's works through which an a aulting column may enter. - Cavalier battery, a battery mounted in the cavalier (which see), and arranged to deliver a plunging fire into the works of an a ailant. - Clearing-battery, in breweries, an arrangement for straining the wort from the vat. It includes a device for cutting off the flow when the wort has attained a sufficient depth. - Counter-battery. (a) A battery intended to silence and overthrow guns of the defense which bear upon the breaching-batteries. Its guns are generally so placed as to fire along the ditches of the works. (b) Any battery opposed to another. Tid ball.- Covered battery, a battery concealed from the enemy, and intended to deliver a vertical fire. Tidball. Cro -batteries, two or more batteries whose lines of fire intersect.- Direct battery, a battery whose fire is perpendicular to the line of works attacked. -Enfilading battery, a battery which sweeps the length of an enemy's line, or takes him on the flank. - Fascine battery, a battery of which the parapet is wholly or partially made of fascines: used where the earth is loose or sandy.Floating battery, a battery erected either on a simple raft or on a ship's hull, for the defense of the coast or for the bombardment of an enemy's ports. The name is sometimes given to a type of ship which, though it may be provided with independent propelling power, is designed primarily not for navigation, but merely to afford support and cover to heavy guns. - Gabion battery, a battery with a parapet formed of gabions filled with earth or sand.-Galvanic battery, a pile or series of plates of copper and zinc, or of any materials susceptible of galvanic action. See galvanic . - Grove's gas-battery, a battery in which the cell consists of two gla tubes partly filled with water, and the remainder with oxygen and hydrogen respectively: in these tubes two platinum electrodes are immersed. - Horizontal battery, a battery the interior or terreplein of which is on the natural level of the ground. Tidball . — Indented battery, or battery à crémaillère, a battery constructed with salient and reëntrant angles for obtaining an oblique as well as a direct fire, and to afford shelter from the enfilade fire of the enemy. Tidball -Joint batteries, batteries whose fire is directed against the same object. - Latimer-Clark battery, an electric battery intended as a standard, the electromotive force being constant. It is a combination of zinc in sulphate of zinc and mercury in sulphate of mercury. E. H. Knight. - Light battery. (a) A mounted field-battery. (b) A battery composed of guns of small caliber.Magnetic battery. See magnetic . - Masked battery, a battery artificially concealed until required to open upon the enemy. Tidball . Mortar-battery, a battery having an armament of mortars. Such batteries are constructed with a parapet without embrasures, an interior slope not revetted, but retaining the natural slope of the soil, and platforms horizontal instead of inclining slightly toward the front, as in gun-batteries. See cut on next page.-Mountain battery, a battery of light guns, so fitted that the pieces and their carriages may be transported upon the backs of mules or pack-horses. Oblique battery, a battery whose line of fire makes an angle of 20° or more with the IMG:content-1754.jpg:[graphic] 478 fire from a salient or reëntrant angle of a fortification. Reverse battery, a battery which fires directly or obliquely upon the rear of a work or line of troops.-Ricochet battery, a battery which fires horizontally or at a low angle elevation, so that the projectiles graze and bound along the surface of the ground or water. Smooth-bore guns firing spherical projectiles are most effective for ricochet fire. Siege-battery, a battery for siege operations. Such batteries are either fixed, comprising siege guns and mortars of the heaviest caliber and largest size, or movable, consisting of field-guns and small mortars.Storage battery, or secondary battery, in elect., a combination of secondary cells or accumulators which when once charged may be used for a considerable time after as a source of an electrical current. The Planté cell con sists e entially of two plates of metallic lead ( C, C ) rolled into a spiral form, and in the improved Faure form covered Storage or Secondary Cell, or Accumulator, Planté form. C. C ', lead plates rolled in a spiral and separated by pieces of rub ber; G, H, wires from the primary or charging battery; A, A ', poles of secondary cell. with red oxid of lead; the primary current with which the cell is charged (by the wires G and H) serves to peroxi dize and reduce this coating, respectively, on the sheets connected with the two poles; the chemical energy thus stored up is given back in the form of a continuous and regular electric current when the poles of the charged cell ( A, A ' ) are connected and the chemical action is reversed. -Sunken battery, a battery in which the sole of the embrasure is on a level with the ground, and the platform is consequently sunk below it. ( Tidball.) The parapet is formed from the earth excavated from the site constitut the platform. - Half-sunken battery, battery which the parapet is formed partly from earth taken from the inside or terreplein, and partly from a ditch outside.-Urticating batteries, in zool., the nematocysts or thread-cells of hydroid polyps. - Water-battery, an electric battery in which the liquid employed is water. It is usele as a source of a current, because of the high resistance of the water, but, by having a large number of zinc copper couples, a high and constant difference of potentials is obtained at the two poles; it is thus valuable in many electrostatic experiments.