Guido y Spano

Carlos, an Arrentine gel born in Salta, March 8, 1832. e was elected deputy to the National Congre , and became its president. He gained reputation as a =. and is held in highest esteem by is countrymen. cS Guild, a society or ky 5 of individuals a ociated together for carrying on commerce, or some particular trade pr busine , There existed at Rome various fraternities of tradesmen, which bore a considerable resemblance to our modern guild, and were permitted to regulate their affairs by their own laws; but it is usual to trace the origin of guilds to the Middle Ages, As soon as the citizens acquired an influence in the administration, the zuilds became the basis of the municipal constitutions, and every one who wished to participate in the municipal povernment was obliged to become a member of a guild. Hence we so often find distinguished individuals belonging to a cla of mechanics of whose occupation they probably dia not know anything. Guilds introduced the democratic element into society, and in their progre became the bulwarks of the citizen’s liberty and the depositaries of much political power. By the close of the 12th century merchants’ guilds were general throughout the cities of Europe. The es Company of _, dates from 1153, and that of the Shoemakers of Magdeburg from 1157. With the increase of their wealth and strength, the guilds either purchased or extorted from their rulers privileges which, once obtained, they were careful never to give up. By the 13th century they had acquired considerable power, and in two succe ive ages they counterbalanced the power of the nobles.