salt1 (salt)

and a. [I. n. salt, solt, LG. solt = OHG. MHG. G. salz Icel. salt = Sw. Dan. salt = Goth. salt = W. hallt (Lapp. sallte, It. sale = Sp. Pg. Pr. sal = F. sel ) = Gr. ἆλε = OBulg. soli = Serv. Pol. sol = Bohem. sûl = Ru . soli = Lett. sāls = W. hal, halen = OIr. sal an, salt. Hence, from the L. form, sal, salad, salary, saline, salmagundi, seller3 (saltcellar), saltpeter, sauce, sausage, souse, etc.] I. n. 1. A compound (NaCl) of chlorin with the metallic base of the alkali soda, one of the most abundantly di eminated and important of all substances. It not only occurs in numerous localities in beds sometimes you sands of feet in thickne , but also exists in solution in the ocean, forming nearly three per cent, by weight of its ma . It is not only of the greatest 5317 States furnished in 1888 ginia, Nevada, California, and Kansas it is produced about three-quarters of the total product of the United States. The salt of California is made by the evaporation of sea-water; that of Utah from the water of Great Salt Lake; that of Louisiana and of Kansas, in part, is obtained by mining rock-salt. The product of the other States named comes chiefly from the evaporation of brine obtained by boring. Salt is of great importance as the material from which the alkali soda (carbonate of soda) is manufactured, and thus may be properly considered as forming the basis of several of the most economically important branches of chemical manufacture. Salt is also an article of great historical and ethnological importance. By many nations of antiquity it was regarded as having peculiar relations to mankind. Homer calls it "divine." It has been and is still used as a measure of value. Ley salt on thi trenchere with knyfe that be clene; Not to myche, be thou were, for that is not gode. Booke of Precedence (E. E. T. S., extra ser.), i. 60. Then, when the languid flames at length subside, He strows a bed of glowing embers wide, Above the coals the smoking fragments turns, And sprinkles sacred salt from lifted urns. Pope , Iliad, ix. 282. Abandon those from your table and salt whom your own or others' experience shall descry dangerous. Bp . Hall , Epistles, i. 8. 2. In chem., any acid in which one or more atoms of hydrogen have been replaced with metallic atoms or basic radicals; any base in which the hydrogen atoms have been more or le replaced by non-metallic atoms or acid radicals; also, the product of the direct union of a metallic oxid and an an hydrid. (J. P. Cooke, Chem. Phil., p. 110.) The nomenclature of salts has reference to the acids from which they are derived. For example, sulphates , nitrates , carbonates , etc., imply salts of sulphuric, nitric, and carbonic acids. The termination -ate implies the maximum of oxygen in the acids, and -ite the minimum. 3. pl . A salt (as Epsom salts, etc.) used as a medicine. See also smelling - salts .-4. A marshy place flooded by the tide. [Local.]-5. A salt- cellar. [Now a trade-term or colloq.] Garnish'd with salts of pure beaten gold. Middle ton, Micro-Cynicon, i. 3. I out and bought some things: among others, a dozen of silver salts . Pepys , Diary, II. 165. 6. In her., a bearing representing a high decorative salt-cellar, intended to resemble those used in the middle ages. In modern delinea salt 11. A bronzing material, the chlorid or butter of antimony, used in browning gun-barrels and other iron articles. -12+. Lecherous desire. Gifts will be sent, and letters which Are the expre ions of that itch And salt which frets thy suters. Herrick, The Parting Verse. 13. A sailor, especially an experienced sailor. [Colloq.] My complexion and hands were quite enough to distinguish me from the regular salt , who, with a sunburnt cheek, wide step, and rolling gait, swings his bronzed and toughened hands athwart-ships, half-opened, as though just ready to grasp a rope. R. H. Dana, Jr. , Before the Mast, p. 2. Above the salt, seated at the upper half of the table, and therefore among the guests of distinction; below or beneath the salt, at the lower half of the table, and therefore among the inferior guests and dependents: in allusion to the custom of placing the principal or standing salt-cellar near the middle of the table. His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in clothes. He never drinks below the salt. B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, ii. 2. Abraum salts. See abraum. - Acid salts, those salts which still have one or more hydrogen atoms which are replaceable by basic radicals.-Ammoniacal salt. See ammoniacal. Attic salt. See Attic1.- Bakers' salt. See baker. - Basic salts, those salts which still retain one or more hydrogen atoms replaceable by acid radicals.-Below the salt. See above the salt. - Binary theory of salts. See binary. - Blue salts. See return - alkali. Bronzing-salt. See bronzing. - Decrepitating salts, salts which burst with a crackling noise into smaller fragments when heated, as the nitrates of baryta and lead. - Double salt, a salt containing two different acid or basic radicals, as pota ium sodium carbonate, K Na CO3, or strontium ace to-nitrate, Sr NO3 (C2H302). -Epsom salts, magnesium sulphate, MgSO4+7H2O, a cathartic producing watery stools. It is the principal ingredient of springs at Epsom, Surrey, England, and is also prepared from seawater, from the mineral magnesite, and from several other sources.-E ential salt of bark. See bark2.- E ential salt of lemon. See lemon. - E ential salts, salts which are procured from the juices of plants by crystallization.-Ethereal salt, a compound consisting of one or more alcohol radicals united to one or more acid radicals. Also called compound ether (which see, under ether ).Ethyl salts. See ethyl. - Everitt's salt, a yellowish white powder formed from the decomposition of pota ium ferrocyanide by sulphuric acid, and composed of pota ium sulphate mixed with an insoluble compound of iron cyanide and pota ium cyanide. - Ferric salts. See ferric. Fixed salts, those salts which are prepared by calcining, then boiling the matter in water, straining off the liquor, and evaporating all the moisture, when the salt remains in the form of a powder. - Fo il salt. Same as rock-salt. Fusible salt, the phosphate of ammonia. Glauber's salt [after J. R. Glauber (died 1668), a German chemist, who originally prepared it], hydrous sodium sulefflorescence phate, Na80ell-known cathartiesten IMG:content-0007.png:[graphic] monoclinic crystals (the mineral mirabilite). It is a constituent of many mineral waters, and, in small quantity, of the blood and other animal fluids. It may be prepared by the direct action of sulphuric acid on sodium carbonate, and it is procured in large quantity as a residue in the proce of forming hydrochloric acid and chlorin. This salt is extensively employed by woolen-dyers as an aid to obtain even, regular, or level dyeing. Haloid salt. See haloid. Horse salts, a familiar name of Glauber's salt. - Individual salt, a very small salt-cellar, containing salt for one person at a meal. See def. 5 and individual, a., 4. [A trade-term.] - Kelp salt. See kelp. -Lemery's salt [named from Lemery, a French chemist (1645-1715)], magnesium sulphate.-Lixivial, martialt, metallic salts. See the adjectives. Microcosmic salt. See microcosmic. Mineral salt. See mineral.- Monsel's salt, basic ferric sulphate, used soning; that which preserves a thing from corruption, or gives taste and pungency to it. Ye are the salt of the earth. Mat. v. 13. Let a man be thoroughly conscientious, and he becomes the salt of society, the light of the world. J. F. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 216. 8. Taste; smack; savor; flavor. Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen, Master Page, we have some salt of our youth in us. Shak ., M. W. of W., ii. 3. 50. in solution as a styptic. - Native salts, mineral bodies resembling precious stones or gems in their external char salts.-Neutral See neutral. salt, a salt derived from an oxygen acid, as distinguished from a haloid salt (derived from a halogen acid). - Permanent salts, those salts which undergo no change on exposure to the air. - Per-saltt, a salt supposed to be formed by the combination of an acid with a peroxid. - Pink salt, a salt sometimes used in calico-printing as a mordant. It is the double salt of stannic chlorid and ammonium chlorid. - Polychrest saltt. See polychrest. Preparing-salts, stannate of soda as used by calico-printers in preparing the cloth for receiving steam-colors.Preston's salts, ammonium carbonate in powder, with stronger water of ammonia and e ential oils. - Proto Attic salt (which see, under Attic1 ). On wings of fancy to display The flag of high invention, stay, Repose your quills; your veins grow four, Tempt not your salt beyond her pow'r; If your pall'd fancies but decline, Censure will strike at ev'ry line. Quarles, Emblems. ( Nares .) He says I want the tongue of Epigrams; I have no salt . B. Jonson , Epigrams, xlix. of an acid with a protoxid. Prunella salt. See prunel la3.-Riddance salts. See riddance. Rochelle salt, sodium pota ium tartrate (KNaH4C406.4H2O). It has a mild, hardly saline taste, and acts as a laxative. Salt of bone. Same as ammonia. - Salt of colcothar, iron sulphate, or green vitriol. - Salt of hartshorn, a name formerly applied to both ammonium chlorid and ammonium carbonate. - Salt of lemons. See e ential salt of lemon, under lemon. - Salt of River i us, pota ium citrate. Salt of Saturn [from Saturn, the alchemistic name of lead], lead acetate; sugar of lead. - Salt of SeiSalt of sorrel, acid pota ium oxalate. - Salt Jer. Taylor , Works (ed. 1835), Ι. 741. 10. Modification; hence, allowance; abatement; reserve: as, to take a thing with a grain of salt (see phrase below). Contemporary accounts of these fair damsels are not very good, but it was rather a libellous and scurrilous age as regards women, and they might not be true, or at all events be taken with much salt . J. Ashton, Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, I. 135. of tartar, purified pota ium carbonate. Salt of tin. See tin. Salt of vitriol, zinc sulphate. - Salt of wisdom. Same as sal alembroth (which see, under sall ).Salt of wormwood, an impure pota ium carbonate obtained from the ashes of absinthium. - Schlippe's salt, a compound of antimony sulphid with sodium sulphid, having the formula Na3SbS4 + 9H2O. It is a crystalline solid, having a bitter saline metallic taste, and is soluble in water. - Sesqui-salt, a salt supposed to be formed by the combination of an acid with a sesquioxid. - Smoking salts, a name improperly given by English silversmiths IMG:content-0008.jpg:[blocks in formation] stance: as, the brine begins to salt . salt2t, n. See sault1 . salt ablet, a . See saul table . saltant (sal'tant), a. [L. salt an (t-)s, ppr. of salt are , dance, freq. of salire , leap, dance: see sail2 , sally2 , salient .] 1. Leaping; jumping; dancing.-2. In zoöl . , saltatorial or saltatory; salient.-3. In her ., leaping in a position simi- lar to salient: noting a squirrel, cat, or other small animal when used as a bearing. saltarello, salterello (sal-ta-rel'ō, sal-te-rel'ō), n.; pl. saltarelli , salter ell i (-i). [= Sp. salt a- relo , a dance; saltarello , salterello , a little leap or skip (cf. saltarella , a gra hopper, = OF. sautereau , saultereau , a leaper, gras shop- per, sauterelle , a gra hopper), music : (a) In old dances generally, a second section or part, usually danced as a round dance, the music being in triple rhythm. Saltarelli were appended to all sorts of dances, most of them being contre-dances. (b) A very animated The [Euxine] Sea is le e salt than others, and much an- noyed with ice in the Wincer [Winter]. Sandys , Travailes (1652), p. 3. A still salt pool, lock'd in the bars of sand. Tennyson, Palace of Art. 2. Prepared or preserved with salt: as, salt beef; salt fish.-3. Overflowed with or grow- ing in salt water: as, salt gra or hay.-4. Sharp; bitter; pungent. Amongst sins unpardonable they reckoned second mar- riages, of which opinion Tertullian, making a salt apology,. saith. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, vi. 6. We were better parch in Afric sun Than in the pride and salt scorn of his eyes. IMG:content-0009.jpg:[blocks in formation] characterized by numerous sudden skips or jumps. (c) Music for such a dance or in its rhythm, which is triple and quick, and marked by abrupt breaks and skips and the rhythmic figure 57. (d) In medieval counterpoint, when the cantus firm us is accompanied by a counterpoint in sextuplets, it was sometimes said to be in saltarello . Compare salteretto . (e) In harpsichord-making, same as jack1 , 11 (g). saltate (sal'tāt), v. i.; pret. and pp. saltated , ppr. saltating . [L. salt at us , pp. of salt are (› It. salt are = Sp. Pg. saltar = Pr. sautar = OF. saulter , F. sauter ), dance, salire , jump, leap: Imp . Dict. see sail2 , sault1 .] To leap; jump; skip. [Rare.] saltation (sal-ta's hon), n. [ salt a cion , saltation , F. saltation = Sp. salt a cion = It. sal- tazione , saltatio (n-), a dancing, dance, salt are , pp. salt at us , dance: see saltate .] 1. Saltatory action; the act or movement of leap- ing, or effecting a saltus; a leap or jump; hence, abrupt transition or change. The locusts being ordained for saltation , their hinder legs do far exceed the others. Sir T. Browne , Vulg. Err. Nature goes by rule, not by sallies and saltations . greatly thickened for the reception of strong muscles, by means of which the insect can take long leaps, as in the gra hoppers, fleas, many beetles, etc. See cuts under and flea . saltatorious (sal-ta-to'ri-us), a. [L. saltato- rius, pertaining to dancing: see saltatory .] Same as saltatorial . [Rare.] saltatory (sal'ta-to-ri), a . and n. [= It. salt a- torio, salt at or i us , pertaining to dancing, salt are , dance: see saltate .] I. a. Same as sal- tatorial . - Saltatory theory of evolution, in biol . , the ways gradual and regular, but may be marked by sudden Leaps, gaps, saltations , or whatever they may be called [in the proce of evolution]. W. H. Dall , Amer. Nat., March, 1877. 2. Jumping movement; beating or palpitation, If the great artery be hurt, you will discover it by its saltation and florid colour. bowing a stringed instrument in which the bow is allowed to spring back from the string by its own elasticity. Salt at or (sal-tāʼtor), n. [NL., salt at or , a dancer, salt are , pp. salt at us , dance: see sal- tate .] 1. A notable genus of valid i rostral pity- with square tail, strong feet, sharp claws, and notched bill, as S. magnus. Vieillot , 1816. Also called Habia .-2. A genus of ichnolites of un- certain character. Hitch cock , 1858.-3. The constellation Hercules. Salt at or i a (sal-ta-tō'ri-ä), n . pl . [NL., sal- tat or , a dancer: see Salt at or .] In entom ., tom ., a di- vision of orthopterous insects, corresponding to the Linnean genus Gryllus , including those which are saltatory, having the hind legs fitted for leaping, as the Gryllidæ , Locustidæ , and Ac- ridiidæ , or crickets, gra hoppers, and locusts: originally one of two sections (the other being Cursor i a) into which Latreille divided the Or- thoptera . IMG:content-0010.jpg:[graphic] IMG:content-0011.jpg:[graphic] 15); also, a mixture of gravel, loam, rubbish of old walls, cumin- seed, salt, and stale urine, given as a diges- tive to pigeons. Many give a lump of salt, which they usually call a salt - cat , made at the salterns, which makes the pigeons much affect the place. IMG:content-0012.png:[blocks in formation] Standing salt-cellar, the large salt-cellar which formerly occupied an important place on the table. The principal one, usually placed in front of the master of the feast, was frequently a very decorative object. Compare trencher salt-cellar. Trencher salt-cellar, a small saltcellar for actual use at the table, placed within reach of the guests, as distinguished from the standing salt-cellar, which was rather an object of decoration.