Porto

See Oporto. Porto Alegre (por'tö ä-lā'gre). A seaport, capital tal of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, situated on the river Guahyba or Lower Jacuhy, near its mouth in the Lagoa dos Patos, in lat. 30°2′ S. It is the most important city of southern Brazil, and has a large trade. Population, estimated (1892), 55,000. Porto Bello (bāl'yō). A port on the Caribbean coast of the Isthmus of Panama, Colombia, 20 miles northeast of Colon. The bay was discovered and named by Columbus, 1502. It was unimportant until 1597, when it officially replaced Nombre de Dios as the Caribbean port of Panama, and hence of Peru. Every year a fleet arrived from Spain, and returned laden with treasure. It was taken and sacked by the English captain Parker, 1602; by Morgan, 1668, and by other bucaneers, 1679; and by Vernon, 1739. It is now a small village. Also written Porto Belo and Puerto Bello . Portobello (por-to-bel'ō). A town and sea bathing resort in Mid loth i an, Scotland, situated on the Firth of Forth 3 miles east of Edinburgh. Population (1891), 8,181. P IMG:content-0937.png:[ocr errors][merged small] Porto Ferrajo Porto Ferrajo (por'to fer-rä'yō). The chief place in the island of Elba, province of Leghorn, Italy. Population (1881), 5,391. Port of Spain, or Puerto d'España (pwer'tō des-pän'yä). The capital of the island of Trinidad, situated on the western coast in lat. 10° 39′ N., long. 61° 31′ W. Population (1891), 33,782. Portogruaro, or Porto Gruaro (por'to grö-ä'rõ). A town in the province of Venice, Italy, situated on the Lemene 34 miles northeast of Venice. Population (1881), 4,867; commune, 9,386. Porto Maurizio (mou-ridzē-ō). 1. A province in Liguria, Italy. Area, 455 square miles. Population (1891), 141,295.-2. A seaport, capital of the province of Porto Maurizio, situated on the Mediterranean in lat. 43° 53′ N., long. 8°1′ E. It produces olive-oil. Population (1893), 7,900. Porto Novo (no'vō). The capital of Dahomey, western Africa, situated near the Bight of Benin, south of Abomey. Pop., about 50,000. Porto Novo. A small seaport on the Coromandel coast of India, south of Madras. Here, July 1, 1781, the British (about 8,500) under Coote defeated Hyder Ali (with about 40,000 men). Porto Plata. See Puerto Plata . Porto Rico (rē kō), Sp. Puerto Rico (pwer'to rē kō). The easternmost island of the Greater Antilles, West Indies, belonging to the United States, situated east of Santo Domingo, from which it is separated by the Mona Pa age. Capital, San Juan de Porto Rico. It is traversed from east to west by a range of low mountains. The chief exports are sugar, coffee, and tobacco. It was discovered by Columbus in 1493, and was conquered, mainly by Ponce de Leon, 1508-20. Slavery was abolished in 1873. It was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898. Length, about 100 miles. Greatest breadth about 36 miles. Area, 3,606 square miles. Population (1899), 953,243. Porto Santo (por'tö sän tö). A small island of the Madeira group, situated about 30 miles northeast of Madeira. The Century Cyclopedia of Names Porto Seguro (por'tö se-görộ). A captaincy of Brazil, granted in 1534 to Pero de Campos Tourinho. It corresponded to the coast from the river Tourinho it fell into decay, and later was united to Balnia, of which it forms the southern part. Porto Seguro. A town and port of the state of Bahia, Brazil, at the mouth of the river Caxoeira, in lat. 16° 26′ 38′′ S. At this point Cabral took po e ion of Brazil for Portugal, April 26, 1500. The town was founded in 1535. Population, about 4,000. Porto Seguro, Viscount of. See Varnhagen , Francisco Adolpho de . Porto Vecchio (vek'kē-ō). [It., 'old port. A seaport in Corsica, near the southern extremity. Porto Venere (vā'ne-re). A small port on the Gulf of Spezia, Italy. A part of Portsmouth, situated north of Portsmouth proper. Portsmouth (ports'muth). A seaport in Hampshire, England, situated on Portsmouth Harbor and the English Channel in lat. 50° 48′ N., long. 1° 6' W. Besides Portsmouth proper it includes the adjoining Portsea, Land port, and South sea. It is the principal naval station of England and the strongest fortre ; has a large garrison; and is noted for its fine harbor. Near it is the roadstead of Spithead. Its dockyard (the most important in the country) is located at Portsea. Part of the naval establishment is at Gosport, opposite. The Church of St. Thomas Becket is notable. Portsmouth rose to importance in the 13th century, and was strongly fortified in the 16th century. It returns 2 members to Parliament. Population (1901), 188,133. Portsmouth. A seaport and one of the capitals of Rocking ham County, New Hampshire, situated on the Piscataqua, 3 miles from its mouth, in lat. 43° 4′ N., long. 70° 45′ W. It is the only seaport in the State; is noted for its excellent harbor; has ship-building and some commerce; and is a favorite summer resort. Near it (on islands situated in Kittery, Maine) is the Portsmouth navy-yard. It was settled in 1623; was the capital of New Hampshire (except for a short period) until 1807; and was made a city in 1849. Population (1900), 10,637. Portsmouth. A city, capital of Norfolk County, Virginia, situated on the western side of the Elizabeth River, opposite Norfolk. It is the terminus of several steamer lines; contains the Gosport United States navy-yard; and has considerable trade. Population (1900), 17,427. Portsmouth. A city, capital of Scioto County, Ohio, situated at the junction of the Scioto and Ohio, 90 miles east-southeast of Cincinnati. It has flourishing manufactures and trade. Pop ulation (1900), 17,870. Portsmouth, Duche of. See Kéroualle , Louise Renée de . Portsmouth Harbor. An inlet of the English Channel, extending into Hampshire 4-5 miles. Port Town send (port toun'zend). A city and seaport in Jefferson County, Washington, on IMG:content-0939.png:[blocks in formation] Pory (por'i), John. Born in England about 1570: died probably in Virginia before 1635. An English pioneer in America, and geographical writer. He studied at Cambridge (Gonville and Caius College). In 1600 he translated the "Geographical History of Africa" by Leo African us. From 1619 to 1621 he was secretary of the Virginia Colony at James town, and an a istant of Hakluyt in his geographical enterprises. Posadas (pō-sä'däs), Gervasio Antonio de. Born at Buenos Ayres, June 19, 1757: died there, July 2, 1832. An Argentine politician. Through the influence of the Lautaro Society (which see) he was elected supreme director or president of the Platine Prov- inces, Jan. 22, 1814, holding the position for a year. With him the executive was first placed in the hands of one person. Poscharevatz. See Pa arowitz . Poschiavo (pos-ke-ä'vō), G. Puschlav (pösh'- läv). A district in the canton of Grisons, Swit- zerland, situated south of the Engadine on the Italian frontier. Chief place, Poschiavo. Poseidon (po-si'don). [Gr. Ποσειδῶν .] In Greek mythology, one of the chief Olympians, brother of Zeus, and supreme lord of the sea: sometimes looked upon as a benignant promoter of calm and prosperous navigation, but more often as a terrible god of storm. His consort was the Nereid Am- phitrite, and his attendant train was composed of Nereids, Tritons, and sea-monsters of every form. In art he is a majestic figure, closely approaching Zeus in type. His most constant attributes are the trident and the dolphin, with the horse, which he was reputed to have created dur- ing his contest with Athene for supremacy in Attica. The original Roman or Italic Neptune became a imilated to him. Posen (pō'zen). A province of Pru ia. It is bounded by West Pru ia on the north, Ru ian Poland on the east, Silesia on the south and southwest, and Brandenburg on the west. The surface generally level. The Puget Sound north of Seattle. Population majority of the inhabitants man Catho (1900), 3,443. Portugal (por'tū-gal), Pg. Portugal (por-tögäl'). A kingdom in Europe, situated in the western part of the Iberian peninsula, extending Posen, Polish Poznan (poz'nän). from lat. 56058 to 420 10 N., and from long. of the province of Posen, 6° 10' to 9° 30′ W. Capital, Lisbon. It is bounded by Spain on the north and east, and by the Atlantic on the south west. It is traversed by several ranges of low mountains (the highest, in the Serra da Soajo, nearly 8,000 feet) which enter it from Spain. The chief rivers are the Douro, Tagus, and Guadiana. The principal exports are wine, cork, fish, live stock, and copper. Its commerce is mostly with Great Britain, Brazil, the United States, and France. It is divided into 8 provinces, the northern more flourishing than the southern. It is a hereditary constitutional monarchy, the legislative power being vested in the Cortes (which see). The language is Portuguese; the prevailing religion, the Roman Catholic. The colonial po e ions include (besides the Azores and Madeiras, which of the Cape Verd Islands, lics. It belonged formerly to Poland. The Netze district was annexed by Pru ia in 1772, and the remainder of the province in 1793. Area, 11,178 square miles. Population (1890), 1,751,642. The capital province of Posen, Pru ia, situated at the junction of the Cybina and War the, in lat. 52° 24' N., long. 16°55′ E. It is an important fortre and strategic point; contains a cathedral and a Rathaus; and has some trade and manufactures. The inhabitants are Germans, Poles, and Jews. It was an ancient Polish city, and at one time the capital. In the middle ages it was a Hanseatic town and a prosperous commercial center. Population (1900), 117,014. Posey (po'zi), Thomas. Born in Virginia, July 9, 1750: died at Shaw nee town, Ill., March 9, 1818. An American general and politician. He served in the Revolution and in the Indian wars; was United States senator from Louisiana 1812-18; and was governor in Wig towns hire, Scotland, situated on North Channel 27 miles west of Wigtown. It was formerly an' important port for trade between Scotland and Ireland, and extensive harbor works were commenced. Port Phillip (fil'ip). A bay on the southern coast of Victoria, Australia. Melbourne is situated on it. Port Republic (re-publik). A place in Rocking ham County, Virginia, situated on the Shenandoah 90 miles northwest of Richmond. Here, June 9, 1862, the Confederates under "Stonewall" Jackson defeated the Federals under Shields. iz Port Richmond (rich'mond). A former village in Staten Island, New York, situated on the Kill van Kull 10 miles southwest of New York: now a part of New York city. To Port-Royal (-roi'al). A Cistercian abbey for nuns, situated about 17 miles southwest of Paris. It was founded in 1204; was reformed under the abbe Jacqueline Marie Angélique Arnauld in 1608; was called Port-Royal des Champs after the establishment (1626) of a branch house at Paris (called Port-Royal de Paris); and be came noted as a center of Jansenism. The older estabfamous for schools and center of Goa, Damão, Timor, etc., Macao, and some smaller territories. The territory was partly included in the ancient Lusitania; fell under the power of the Moors; was made a countship feudatory to Alfonso VI. of Castile 1095 (or 1094); became a kingdom under Alfonso I. (traditionally through the victory at Ourique in 1139); was a great maritime power in the 15th and 16th centuries; was noted for discoveries, explorations, and conquests under Prince Henry, Bartholomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama, Cabral, Albuquerque, Magalhães, etc.; founded a large empire in the East Indies and Brazil; was conquered by Spain and lost its independence in 1580; recovered independence through a revolution in 1640 (beginning of the Bragança line); was invaded by the French in 1807, the royal family escaping to Brazil; and was aided by England in the war of liberation from the French. More recent events are an outbreak of revolution in 1820; return of King John VI. from Brazil in 1821; signing of the constitution in 1822; Brazil separated from Portugal in 1822; struggle between Dom Miguel and Maria da Gloria, ending in the submi ion of Miguel in 1834; disturbance in following years by civil strife; and complications with Great Britain (in 1889, 1891, and later) regarding the African claims. Area, 36,038 square miles. Population (1900), 5,428,659. Portuguese America. Brazil: the only part of America which was colonized by the Portuguese. See Tordesilhas . continued until 1790. Portuguese . IMG:content-0940.png:[blocks in formation] mouth of Broad River. A seaport in the Posidonius (pos-i-dō'ni-us). [Gr. Ποσειδώνιος .] Born at Apamea, Syria: lived at the beginning of the 1st century B. c. A noted Greek Stoic philosopher, teacher at Rhodes. Pose i don i us, who counted among his pupils the eminent Romans Cicero and Pompey, was a literary man of very varied excellence. In many respects he followed in the steps of the great Eratosthenes. Like him he investigated physical geography, and made some important contributions to this subject. He wrote a general or miscellaneous history in about fifty books, extending from 146 B. C. to 96 B. C., and therefore in continuation of Polybius; a treatise on natural philosophy in fifteen books; an e ay on the gods in thirteen books, besides a disquisition "on the becoming," which his pupil Cicero combined with the work of Panætius in his book "De Officiis"; a book on the magnitude of the sun; and numerous other works on meteorology, natural philosophy, and ethics, including a commentary on the "Timæus" of Plato. K. O. Müller, Hist. of the Lit. of Anc. Greece, III. 35. [( Donald son .) Posilipo (po-sē-lē ́pō), or Pausilipo (pou-se-lē'pō). A ridge southwest of Naples, famous for its ancient grotto. Post glo ators. See Bartolus . Post humus (posʼtū-mus), Leon at us. The husband of Imogen in Shakspere's "Cymbeline." His wager as to her fidelity is the turning-point of the play. Post ill on de Longjumeau (pos-të-yôn' dè lônzhü-mō'), Le. An opéra comique by Adam, ated at the northern end of the Suez Canal, between the Mediterranean and Lake Menzaleh, in lat. 31° 16′ N., long. 32° 19′ E. It was founded in 1860, and is the terminus of many lines of steamers. Population (1897), 42,095. Port St. Mary. See Puerto de Santa Maria . department of Pyrénées-Orient a les, France, sit of Perpignan: the ancient Portus Veneris. It has a commodious harbor. Population (1891), commune, 3,051. Port Victoria (port vik-to'ri-ä). The chief port of the Seychelles Islands, Indian Ocean, situated on Mahé. Postl. See Seals field . Postumia gens (pos-tu'mi-ä jenz). A Roman patrician gens. Its most distinguished family was Albus or Albinus. Potemkin (po-tem'kin; Ru . pron. pot-yom'kin), lasters carried to the full height of the three stories and an ugly central dome. The interior is richly decorated, and contains some good paintings. The Grotto Saloon is a large room with walls and ceiling inlaid with shells and minerals, and a fine marble pavement. See Sans Souci . Potsdam (pots'dam). A village in St. Lawrence Philadelphia. Population (1900), 13,696. County, New York, situated on the Racket Pottsville (pots'vil). The capital of Schuyl- River 24 miles east of Ogdensburg: noted for kill County, Pennsylvania, situated on the sandstone-quarries. Population (1900), 3,843. Schuylkill 93 miles northwest of Philadelphia. Pott (pot), August Fried rich. Born at Net- It is the center of the Schuylkill coal-region. telrede, Hannover, Nov. 14, 1802: died at Halle, Population (1900), 15,710. Pru ia, July 5, 1887. A noted German, phi- Potyuaras. See Potiguaras . lologist, profe or at Halle from 1833. He pub. Pouancé (pö-on-sa'). A town in the depart- lished "Etymologische Forschungen" (1833-36), “Die ment of Maine-et-Loire, France, 35 miles north- Zigeuner in Europa und Asien " (1844-45), "Die Personen- namen" (1853), etc. Pott a wot tom i (pot-a-wot'o-mi). [Pl., also Pottawottomies . The name signifies 'fire-mak- Poughkeepsie (po-kip'si). A city, capital of ers,' referring to their sece ion from the Ojibwa and making fire for themselves.] A tribe of North American Indians. When first known (about 1670) they lived on the Noquet Islands in Green Bay, Wis- cons in. At the close of the 17th century they were estab- lished on Milwaukee River, at Chicago, and on St. Joseph se ed the country around the head of Lake Michigan from River. At the beginning of the 19th century they pos- Milwaukee River, Wisconsin, to Grand River, Michigan, extending southwest over a large part of Illinois, and south in Indiana to the Wabash. They were prominent in the Pontiac rising and in the War of the Revolution, when they fought on the English side, as also in the War of 1812. The present number in the United States and Canada is about 1,500. See Algonquian . Potter (pot'er), Alonzo. Born at La Grange, Dutche County, N.Y., July 6, 1800: died at San Francisco, July 4, 1865. An American Protes- tant Episcopal bishop, profe or at and later vice-president of Union College. He became bishop of Pennsylvania in 1845. He wrote various works, includ- clergyman and educator, son of Alonzo Potter. He became president of Union College in 1871, and of Hobart College (Geneva, New York) in 1884. Potter, Henry Codman. Born at Schenectady, N. Y., May 25, 1835. An American Protestant Episcopal bishop, son of Alonzo Potter. He be- came a istant bishop of New York in 1883, and bishop in 1887. He has published "Sisterhoods and Deacone es" (1872), "The Gates of the East" (1876), etc. Potter, Horatio. Born at La Grange, Dutche County, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1802: died at New York, Jan. 2, 1887. An American Protestant Episco- pal bishop, brother of Alonzo Potter. He be- the latter in the Shenandoah Mountains. It forms the main boundary between Maryland on the north and West Virginia and Virginia on the south, and empties by a wide estuary into Chesapeake Bay in lat. 38° N. Its chief tribute tary is the Shenandoah. Length, about 400 miles; nav i- gable for large ve els to Washington (125 miles). came provisional bishop of New York in 1854, and bishop in 1861. Potter, John. Born at Wake field in 1674: died Oct. 10, 1747. An English prelate and cla ical scholar. He studied at Oxford, graduating in 1694, and was appointed divinity profe or there in 1708. He was 1838. A French writer and traveler, noted es- 1737-47. He wrote an excellent work on Greek antiquities of Oxford-disanterbury Po Pouqueville (pök-vēl'), François Charles Hugues Laurent. Born at Merlerault, Orne, France, Nov. 4, 1770: died at Paris, Dec. 28, Pourri (pö-re'), Mont, pecially for his works on Greece. ("Archæologica Græca,"1697-99), and edited the works of Lycophron, Clemens Alex and rin us, etc. Potter (po-tar'), Louis Joseph Antoine de. France. Height, 12,430 feet. Mont, or Thuria (tü-rē-ä'). A peak of the Tarentaise Alps, southeastern Born at Bruges, Belgium, April 26, 1786: died there, July 22, 1859. A Belgian revolutionist, a member of the provisional government in 1830. He wrote "His to ire du christian is me" (1836-37). Potter (pot'er), Nathaniel. Born in Maryland, 1770: died at Baltimore, Jan. 2, 1843. An Ameri- Potosí (po-to-se'). 1. The southwesternmost department of Bolivia, noted for its richne in metals. Area, 52,089 square miles. Population, (1893), 360,400.-2. The capital of the depart-Potter, ment of Potosí, situated about lat. 19° 35' S., long. 65° 45′ W., over 13,000 feet above the sea- level. It was long famous for the silver-mines in the neighboring mountain (Cerro de Potosí), where silver was discovered in 1546. The production has greatly decreased of late. Population (1893), estimated, 20,000. Potréro de las Vacas (pō-trāʼrō dā läs väʼkäs). [Sp., 'Pasture of the cows.'] One of the high mesas north of Cochití, in central New Mexico, on the summit of which stand the ruins of an can physician. jan Potter, Paul. Born at Enkhuizen, Nether- lands, Nov. 20, 1625: died at Amsterdam, 27, 1654. A noted Dutch portrait and animal- painter, pupil of Pieter Potter, his father. In 1631 his family settled at Amsterdam, and in the following year Paul went to study painting under Jakob de Weth the elder. He was made a member of the gild of St. Luke at Delft in 1646, and later at The Hague. He resided in the latter place from 1649 to 1652; he then returned to Am- sterdam. Among his pictures is the celebrated work "A Young Bull" (1647: see Bull , Young ). It is in The Hague Potter, Robert. Born in England, 1721: died Aug. 8,1804. An English clergyman and writer. He graduated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1741. Potteries (pot'er-iz), The. A district in Staf- ford shire, England, famous for the manufacture of earthenware, porcelain, etc. It includes Stoke- upon-Trent, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Etruria, etc., and is Potter's Field. An old burial-place for str an- gers at Jerusalem. It overlooks the valley of Hin- A burial-place for paupers and strangers has re- ceived this name in many modern cities. Pottinger (pot'in-jer), Sir Henry. Born in County Down, Ireland, 1789: died at Valetta, Malta, March 18, 1854. A British diplomatist and colonial governor. In 1804 he was a cadet in India. When the opium war began he was amba ador to China, and signed the treaty of Nangking, which opened the ports of China, Aug. 29, 1842. In 1844 he Pou in (pö-san'), Gaspar (Gaspar Dughet). Born at Rome, May, 1613: died there, there, May 25, 1675. A French landscape-painter, brother-in- law and pupil of Nicolas Pou in. Pou in (pö-san'), Nicolas. Born near Le Grand Andelys, France, June, 1594: died at Rome, Nov. 19, Nov. 19, 1665. A noted French historical and landscape painter, a pupil of Quentin Varin, Lallemont, and others. He went to Rome in 1624; studied with Dufresnoy the sculptor; returned to Paris in 1640; was patronized by Louis XIII.; and settled finally in Rome in 1642. Among his works (chiefly in the Louvre) are "The Deluge," "Plague of the Philistines," "Rape of the Sabines," "Moses” (3), “Triumph of Truth, "and "Rebekah and Eliezer." He decorated the Grande Galerie of the Louvre, and his pictures are to be found in all the prin- P IMG:content-0941.png:[blocks in formation] He served in the Civil War, attaining the rank of lieutenant-colonel of volunteers; conducted the survey of the Colorado valley from 1870; was head of the bureau of ethnology 1879-1902; and from 1880 to 1894 was director of the United States Geological Survey. He published "Exploration of the Colorado River of the West" (1875), "In. troduction to the Study of Indian Languages" (1880), etc. Powell, Lazarus Whitehead. Born in Henderson County, Ky., Oct. 6, 1812: died there, July 3, 1867. An American politician. He was governor of Kentucky 1851-55, and Democratic United States senator 1859-65. 2 Powell (pou'el), Mary. See Milton , John. Powell's Islands. See South Orkney Islands . Power (pou'ėr), Marguerite, Counte of Ble ing ton Born near Clonmel, Ireland, Sept. 1, 1789: died at Paris, June 4, 1849. A British writer and leader of fashion. She was the daughter of Edmund Power, a small landowner. In 1804 she was married by her parents to a Captain Farmer, with whom she refused to live after about three months on account of his temper. He was killed in 1817, and in 1818 she married Charles John Gardiner, the first Earl of Ble ing ton. He was extremely rich and lavish, and proud of her beauty and wit. Their house soon became a noted social center. In 1822 they started for the Continent, accompanied by the Count d'Orsay, with whom the counte was henceforth intimately a ociated. He married her stepdaughter in 1827. In 1829 the earl died, and in 1831 the counte took a house in May fair, where she again became one of the rulers of society and fashion. She began to write novels in 1833, and in 1834 to edit the "Book of Beauty." In 1836 she moved to Gore House, where for thirteen years she was the center of the most intellectual society of the time. Count d'Orsay, who had lived with her at Gore House for about twelve years after his separation from his wife, fled (April 1) to escape arrest, and in about two weeks the counte followed him. Gore House was sold at auction in May, but only a comparatively small sum was realized. The counte died suddenly about a month after. Among her novels are "The Two Friends" (1835), "Confe ions of an Elderly Gentleman" (1836), "Confe ions of an Elderly Lady" (1838), "The Governe " (1839), "The Idler in Italy" (1839-40), "The Idler in France" (1841), "Lottery of Life, etc." (1842), "Strathern, etc." (1843), "Memoirs of a Femme de Chambre" (1846), "Marmaduke Herbert, etc." (1847), etc. In 1834 she published "Conversations with Lord Byron," whose acquaintance she had made at Genoa in 1823. She edited "The Keepsake" (18411849). Her last novel, "Country Quarters," was published in 1850, after her death. Power, Tyrone. Born at Kilmacthomas, in Water ford County, Ireland, Nov. 2, 1797: lost at sea, March, 1841. An Irish comedian. He made his début at Newport, Isle of Wight, in 1815; first appeared at London in 1822; and made succe ful tours in the United States 1833-35 and 1840-41. On March 21, 1841, he embarked on the steamship President, which was sighted on the 24th, but was never heard from again. Power of Love, The. A work by Mrs. Manley (1720), consisting of seven novels: “The Fair Hypocrite," "The.Physician's Stratagem," "The Wife's Resentment," "The Husband's Resentment in two Examples," "The Happy Fugitive," and "The Perjured Beauty.” Powers (pou'ėrz), Hiram. Born at Wood stock, Vt., July 29, 1805: died at Florence, June 27, 1873. A noted American sculptor. He modeled and repaired wax figures in a museum at Cincinnati for 7 years; went to Washington in 1835 with a view to modeling busts of celebrated men; and established himself at Florence in 1837. Among his chief works are “The Greek Slave" (1843), "Il Penseroso," "The Fisher Boy," "America," "Eve," "California," "The Indian Girl," and numerous portrait and ideal busts. Powhatan (pou-ha-tan'). [True name Wahun sonacook.] Born about 1550: died in April, 1618. An Indian chief, head of the confederacy of Powhatan. Compare Pocahontas , and Smith , John. Powhatan. [The name is translated ‘falls in a stream,' and was that of a village, now a suburb of Richmond, at the falls of James River.] A confederacy of North American Indians, occupying the tide-water section and eastern shore of Virginia, and a part of Maryland, and extending west to a line pa ing beyond Fred ericks burg and Richmond. It was of recent formation when first met. The great chief Powhatan had, by his personal qualities, increased it from only 7 tribes, besides the one bearing his name, to 30. The geographic names of the rivers and streams of the region preserve the names of most of the 30 tribes. The Spaniards first met them in 1570 when seeking to form a mi ion on the Rappahannock River; but little was known of them until the English established the colony at James town, with the history of which the confederacy, with alternating peace and war, was intimately connected. The result the destruction of nearly all of these Indians by the colonists and the Iroquois. The history of the Powhatan tribes practically ceased at the treaty of Albany in 1684. See Algonquian .