Eng lander (ingglander), glander)

[= G. Engländer = Dan. Englænder; as England + -er1.] A native of England; an English man or woman. [Rare.] I marvel what blood thou art-neither Eng lander nor Scot. Scott , Abbot, iv. There are two young England ers in the house, who hate all the Americans in a lump. H. James, Jr. , Daisy Miller, p. 35. englanté (F. pron. on-glon-tā'), a. [Heraldic F., better # englandé, ing. englet, n. and v. Same as ingle . English (ing'glish. The historical pron. would be eng'glish; the change to ing'glish is due to the great frequency of i, and the almost entire absence of e , before ng in mod. native E. words), a. and n. [ English , Englisch , Engli h , Engly h, Engli e (= D. Engelsch = G. Englisch = Dan. Sw. Engelsk ; cf. OF. Englesche , usu- ally Angle is , Anglois , F. Anglais = Sp. Inglés = Pg . Inglez It. Inglese , English, after E. Eng- lish , as if from a ML. * An glens is (see -ese ), for Anglicus : see Anglic , Anglican ), Englisc , rarely Englisc , English, i. e., Anglo-Saxon, per- taining to the Angles, a Low German tribe, Engle , Engle , the Angles, who settled in Brit- ain, giving to the southern part of it the name of Engla land (> ME. Englesond , Englond , Eng- land , mod. England ), i. e., the land of the An- gles: see Angle2 , Anglo - Saxon .] I. a. 1. Be- longing to or characteristic of England (the largest of the three kingdoms which with the principality of Wales form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland), or to its inhabi- tants, institutions, etc.: often used for British . Englische men beth Saxoynes, That beth of Engistes Soones. Arthur (ed. Furnivall), 1. 521. And thanne ther Remayned in the shippe iiij Engly h prest is moo. Torkington , Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 56. Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead! Shak ., Hen. V., iii. 1. O the roast beef of Old England! And O the old English roast beef! Fielding, Roast Beef of Old England. 2. Of or pertaining to or characteristic of the language spoken by the people of England and the peoples derived from them. See II., 2.Early English architecture. See early. - English basement, bond, horn, etc. See the nouns. - English disease, rickets. II. n. 1. Collectively, in the plural, the people of England; specifically, natives of Eng land, or the people constituting the English race, particularly as distinguished from the Scotch, Welsh, and Irish. There goes the Talbot, with his colours spread, And all the troops of English after him. Shak ., 1 Hen. VI., iii. 3. 2. [ME. English, Englisch, etc., Lyke as the larke vpon the somer's daye, When Titan radiant burnish eth his bemes bryght, Mounteth on hye, with her melodious laye Of the sonshyne engladid with the lyght. Skelton, Garland of Laurel, 1. 536. englaimt, v. [ME. eng laymen, engleymen, besmear, make sticky, cloy, gleymen , smear: see glaim .] I. trans. 1. To besmear. The gorre [gore] guschez owte at ones That alle englaymez the gre e, one grounde ther he standez! Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1131. Saxon, and def.] The language of the people of England and of the peoples derived from them, including those of English descent in the United States of America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the British dependencies in India, Africa, and other parts of the world. The signification of the term English, as applied to language, has varied with its changes of signification in political use. Originally applied to the language of the Angles, it came in time to be the general designation of the aggre gate of slightly differing Low German dialects, Anglian and Saxon, which was recognized as the national tongue of the Teutonic invaders of Britain. This tongue, now English generally known as Anglo - Saxon (see Anglo - Saxon ), underwent in the course of time, by the Scand in avian invasion in the ninth century, and by the Norman conquest and the introduction of Norman French in the eleventh century, changes so extensive and profound as to make the "English" language of the later periods practically another tongue. Accordingly, the older stages of the language have at different periods received some special designation, as Saxon, Anglo - Saxon, English - Saxon, or Saxon - Eng lish for the language before the Norman conquest, and Old English or Early English for the period between the Norman conquest and the modern period. Recently some British scholars have insisted on using English to cover the whole range of the language, applying Old English, or, as some term it, Oldest English, to the Anglo-Saxon period. But, apart from the question as to the practical differences of the Anglo-Saxon and the language later called English, this tends to confusion, the term Old English having long had a distinct and well-understood application to the mixed language developed after the Norman conquest. Various divisions have been made of the periods of Eng lish. All are more or le arbitrary, there being no abso lute gap even between the Anglo-Saxon and the following period. A common division, adopted in this dictionary, is as follows: (1) Anglo - Sazon, meaning usually and chiefly West-Saxon, but including all other Anglo-Saxon dialects, Kentish, Mercian, Old Northumbrian, etc., from the middle of the fifth century, or rather from the seventh century, when the first contemporary records (in AngloS axon) begin, to the middle or end of the twelfth century (A. D. 450 (600)-1150 (1200)); (2) Middle English, also called Old English, from the middle or end of the twelfth century to the beginning of the sixteenth century (A. D. 1150 (1200)-1500); (3) Modern English, or simply English, from the beginning of the sixteenth century to the present time. Each of these periods is divided, when convenient, into three subperiods by the terms early and late applied to the first and the last part of the main periods. The periods of transition cannot be exactly fixed, and in the etymologies of this dictionary the designation "early Middle English," for example, with reference to a word or form, may coincide in date with the designation "late Anglo-Saxon," as applied to another word or form of earlier aspect or spelling. So "early modern English," referring properly to the first part of the sixteenth century (A. D. 1500-1550), may in some cases refer back to the last decades of the fifteenth century, or, in regard to archaic forms and spellings, may extend to the end of the sixteenth century. In particular cases the date of the century or the date of the year is given. Philologically, English, considered with reference to its original form, Anglo-Saxon, and to the grammatical features which it retains of Anglo-Saxon origin, is the most conspicuous member of the Low German group of the Teutonic family, the other Low German languages being Old Saxon, Old Friesic, Old Low German, and other extinct forms, and the modern Dutch, Flemish, Friesic, and Low German (Platt Deutsch). These, with High German, con stitute the "West Germanic" branch, as Gothic and the Scand in avian tongues constitute the "East Germanic" branch, of the Teutonic family. (See the terms used.) By mixture with the Celtic and Latin of the Anglo-Saxon period, and later with the kindred Scand in avian, and then with the Old French of the Norman and other dialects, especially with the Norman French as developed in England (the Anglo-French), and with later French, and finally, in consequence of the spread of English exploration, commerce, conquest, and colonization, with nearly all the other great languages of the globe, English has become the most composite language spoken by man. The vocabulary of common life is still about three fourths of AngloS axon origin; but the vocabulary of literature and commerce contains a majority of words of foreign origin, chiefly Latin or Greek, coming in great part through the Romance tongues, and of these chiefly through French. The languages from which the next greatest contributions have been received are the Scand in avian (Icelandic, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian), the Low German (Dutch, Flemish, etc.), Celtic, Hebrew, Persian, Arabic, Hindu stan i, Turkish, Malay, Chinese, American Indian, etc. The words derived from the more remote languages are, however, in great part names of products or customs peculiar to the countries concerned, and few of them enter into actual English use. Dan Chaucer, well of English undefyled. Spenser, F. Q., IV. ii. 32. The critical study of English has but just commenced. We are at the beginning of a new era in its history. Great as are its powers, men are beginning to feel that its nece ities are still greater. G. P. Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang., xxviii. 3. The English equivalent of a foreign word; an English rendering. "Lithcock! it's Latin," the lady said, "Richard's the English of that name." Earl Richard (Child's Ballads, III. 269). And for English gentlemen me thinks it must needs be a pleasure to them to see so rich a toong [as Italian] outvide by their mother-speech, as by the manie-folde Eng lishes of manie wordes in this is manifest. Florio, It. Dict., To the Reader, p. 14. 4. In printing, a size of type between pica and great primer: in the United States, about 5 lines to the linear inch. This line is in English type. 5. In billiards, a twisting or spinning motion imparted by a quick stroke on one side to the cue-ball. All deviations by the cue-ball from such mo tion as would naturally result from a straight central stroke with the cue, or from the slant given by impact on the side of an object-ball after such a stroke, are governed by the same principle; but as most force-shots have special names ( draw, follow, ma é, etc.), the word English is generally used only when the ball glances after impact in a direction more or le sharply angular from the object ball or cushion. [U. S.] Pidgin English. See Pidgin English. Sandal-wood English. See the extract The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: Dictionary IMG:content-0495.png:[blocks in formation] jargon known as sandal - wood English, or the "béche de mer lingo." Pop. Sci. Mo., XXX. 200. The king's (or queen's) English, idiomatic or correct English. Here will be an old abusing of God's patience and the Shak., M. W. of W., 1. 4. king's English.