Inebriate Asylum at Binghamton in 1865

He pub Parma Britain and Ireland. It consists of the three estates of the realm-namely, the lords spiritual, the lords temporal, and the commons: the general council of the nation, constituting the legislature, summoned by the sovereign's authority to consult on the affairs of the nation and to enact and repeal laws. Primarily, the sovereign may be considered as a constituent element of Parliament: but the word as generally used has exclusive reference to the three estates above named, ranged in two distinct branches-the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords (numbering 565 in 1897) includes the lords spiritual (26) and lords temporal (539). The House of Commons consists at present (1897) of 670 members: 495 for England and Wales, 72 for Scotland, and 103 for Ireland-377 being representatives of county constituencies (counties or divisions of counties), 284 of boroughs, and 9 of universities. The authority of Parliament extends over the United Kingdom and all its colonies and foreign po e ions. The duration of a Parliament was fixed by the Septennial Act in 1716 (superseding the Triennial Act of 1694) at 7 years, but it seldom even approaches its limit. Se ions are held annually, usually from about the middle of Feb. to the end of Aug., and are closed by prorogation. Government is administered by the ministry, which is sustained by a majority in the House of Commons. Should the ministry be outvoted in the house on a question of vital importance, it either resigns office or di olves Parliament and appeals to the country. The precursors of the Parliament were the Witenagemot in the Anglo-Saxon period, and the National Councils in the Norman and Angevin periods. The composition and powers of Parliament were developed in the 13th and 14th centuries. The right of representation from shires and towns dates from 1295, and the separation of the two houses dates from the middle of the 14th century. Parliamentary government was in large measure suspended from 1461 to the middle of the reign of Henry VIII. Prolonged struggles between the Parliament and the crown took place under James I. and Charles L., which led to the civil war and the Commonwealth. The right of British subjects to vote in the election of members of Parliament has been extended and regulated by the Reform Acts of 1832, 1867, and 1884, and the Redistribution Act of 1885. Parliament, Houses of. The buildings occupied for legislative purposes by the British Parliament, at Westminster, London. They were be. Perpendicular: the area 8 acres. The structure comprises 11 courts, some of large size, 1,100 rooms, and 100 stairways. The Thames front is 940 feet long, with low square towers at the extremities and flanking the raised central gun in 1840 from plans by Barry. The style is ornate late portion. The square Victoria tower at the southwest angle is 340 feet high; the middle tower, and the pointed Clock-tower at the north end, are slightly le lofty. The House of Commons is toward the north end of the great structure: it measures 75 by 45 feet and 41 high, and is solidly and simply furnished, and paneled with oak. There are 12 windows of colored gla . The House of Lords, 90 by 45 feet and 45 high, is very richly decorated: its walls are adorned with historical frescos. Among other notable rooms are the Central Hall, between the House of Lords and the House of Commons, octagonal in plan and finely ornamented; and the queen's robing-room and the royal gallery, used by the sovereign when she opens or prorogues Parliament in person. St. Stephen's Hall affords communication between the Central Hall and Westminster Hall on the west. About 500 statues, inside and outside, adorn the buildings. Parliament, Mad. [So named in derision by the partizans of Henry III.] A great council held afford in in order to accommodate the differences which had ons and the king, owing to the persistent evasion by the latter of the obligations imposed on the sovereign by Magna Charta. It enacted the Provisions of Oxford, requiring the faithful observance by the king of the Great Charter, and providing for the a embling of a Parliament three times a year, and regular control over the chief justiciar, chancellor, and other high officers. American clergyman and reformer. He came to New York in 1880 as pastor of the Madison Square Presbyterian church. In 1891 he became president of the Society for the Prevention of Crime. His exposure of the corruption of the police department of New York city led to its investigation by a committee of the State legislature ("Lexow Committee"), and its reorganization, and to the defeat of Tammany Hall in 1894. Parkman (pärk'man), Francis. Born at Boston, Sept. 16, 1823: died at Jamaica Plain, near Boston, Nov. 8, 1893. An American historian. He graduated at Harvard in 1844, and began the study of law, but ultimately abandoned this study in order to devote himself to literature. He was profe or of horticulture in the agricultural School of Harvard 1871-72. His historical works include "Conspiracy of Pontiac" (1851), "Pioneers of France in the New World" (1865), "Jesuits in North America" (1867), "Discovery of the Great West" (1869), "The Old Régime in Canada" (1874), "Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV.” (1877), “Montcalm and Wolfe" (1884), "A Half Century of Conflict" (1892), He wrote also "The California and Oregon Trail" (1849), "Va all Morton," a novel (1856), and "Historic Handbook of the Northern Tour" (1885). Park Range. A chain of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, west of South Park. Mount Lincoln is 14,297 feet in height. Park, Mungo. Born in Sel kirks hire, Scotland, Sept. 20, 1771: died in Africa probably in 1806. A celebrated African explorer. He visited Bencoolen as a istant surgeon on an East-India man in 1792, contrib- Parley (pär'li), Peter. The pseudonym of Sam- uting on his return a description of eight new Sumatran fishes to the "Transactions" of the Linnean Society. As agent of the African A ociation he undertook in 1795 to uel Griswold Good rich: it has also been used by others. explore the course of the Niger. Leaving Pisania on the Parliament (par'li-ment). The supreme leg is Gambia in Dec., 1795, he reached the Niger (being the first lative body of the United Kingdom of Great Parliament, The Good. See Good Parliament. Parliament, The Rump. See Long Parliament. Parliament of Bats ('bludgeons'). A Parliament under Henry VI., 1426. Orders had been sent to the members that they should not wear swords, so they came, like modern butchers, with long staves. When these were prohibited they had recourse to stones and leaden plummets. Gurdon, Hist. of Parliament. Parliament of Dunces. A parliament convened at Coventry by Henry IV. in 1404: so named because all lawyers were excluded from it. Also called the Unlearned Parliament and the Lack - learning Parliament . Parliament of Fowls, or A embly of Fowls. A poem by Chaucer, mostly taken from Italian sources. Sixteen of the 98 stanzas are from Boccaccio's "Teseide." It is a poetical abstract of Cicero's "Dream of Scipio." Parliament of Love, The. A play by Mas singer, licensed in 1624. Parliament of Paris. The chief of the French parliaments; the principal tribunal of justice of the French monarchy, from its origin in the king's council at a very early date to the Revolution. From about 1300 the parliament was constituted in 3 divisions the grand' chambre, the chambre des requêtes, and the chambre des enquêtes. It played a prominent political part at different times in the 17th and 18th centuries. Parma (pärmä). 1. A province in the compart i men to of Emilia, Italy. Area, 1,250 square Parma miles. Population (1891), 271,621.-2. A city, capital of the province of Parma, Italy, situated on the river Parma in lat. 44° 48′ N., long. 10° 20′ E.: the Roman Parma. It is the seat of a flourishing trade, and has manufactures of felt hats. The ca Parnell (pär'nel), Charles Stewart. Born at Avondale, County Wicklow, Ireland, 1846: died at Brighton, Oct. 6, 1891. An Irish statesman. He was the fourth son of John Henry Parnell (whose cestors emigrated from England to Ireland in the 17th ly of the 11th century. The façade has 3 round-arched portals below 3 tiers of arcades: arcades are freely and picturesquely used throughout the exterior. There is an octagonal domed tower at the cro ing. The three-aisled interior is spacious, with much excellent sculpture and painting, notably the famous frescos by Correggio in the dome, representing the A umption of the Virgin. The baptistery of the cathedral, one of the finest in Italy, be Charles Stewart of the United States navy. He studied at Magdalene College, Cambridge, without taking a degree, and was elected to Parliament in 1875. He became the first president of the Irish Land League in 1879, visited the United States in the interest of the Irish agitation for home rule 1879-80, and succeeded Shaw as leader of the Home Rule party in 1880. He was imprisoned under the Coercion Act 1881-82. In 1886 Mr. Gladstone formed a ate ones form galleries supported by little columns, closely set. There are 3 beautiful sculptured doors. The interior is sixteen-sided, with arcades and a pointed, ribbed dome. The walls are covered with curious medieval paintings, and there is much good sculpture both without and within. Other objects of interest are the churches of Madoma dell a Steccata and San Giovanni Evangelist a, ducal palace, library, museum, art gallery, and university. Parma was founded by the Romans as a colony on the Emilian Way about 183 B. C. After its capture by Mark Antony, it was restored and called Coloni a Julia August a. It had important woolen manufactures in early times. It took part in the strife of the Guelphs and Ghi bel lines, and belonged later to the Visconti. Here, in 1734, an indecisive battle was fought between the French and the Imperialists. (See Parma, Duchy of .) Population (1892), 51,500. Parma, Duchy of, properly the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza. A former duchy in northern Italy, comprising in later times the modern provinces of Parma and Piacenza. It was obtained by the Pope 1511-13: was under the Farnese dy nasty from 1645 1731; pa ed to Don Carlos (Bourbon of Spain) in 1731, to Austria in 1735, to Don Philip (Bourbon of Spain) in 1748; and was annexed to France in 1802. The duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla were given to Maria Louisa by the Congre of Vienna in 1814-15, and fell to the Duke of Lucca in 1847. There was an unsucce ful revolution in 1848-49. The duchy was incorporated with the kingdom of Italy in 1860. Parma, Duke of (Alexander). See Farnese, A le andro. Parmegiano, or Parmeggiano. See Parmigiano . Parmelan (pärm-lon'). A mountain near Annecy, in the Alps of Savoy. Height, 6,085 feet. Par me nides (pår-men'i-dez). [Gr. Παρμενίδης .] Born at Elea: lived about 450 B. C. (about 500 B. c.). A celebrated Greek philosopher, head of the Eleatic school. He wrote his opinions in a didactic poem, "Nature" (fragments edited by Karsten and by Stein). His central thought is the unity and permanence of being: there is no not-being or change. A celebrated dialogue of Plato was named from him. Par me nides, a native of Elea, who flourished about the year 503 B. C., enjoyed a reputation in his native city scarcely Inferior to that of Pythagoras at Croton a, of Empedocles at Acragas, or of Solon at Athens. Speusippus, quoted by Diogenes Laertius, a erts that the magistrates of Elea were yearly sworn to observe the laws enacted by Par me nides. Cebes talks about a "Pythagorean or Par men i dean mode of life," as if the austere ascesis of the Samian philosopher had been adopted or imitated by the Eleatic.