Loups

See Delaware and Mahican. with its celebrated Corinthian colonnade, 570 feet long, with 28 pairs of coupled columns. Napoleon I. made some additions, to which Napoleon III. added very largely; and the present republic has rebuilt a large section of the north wing which was burned by the Commune. The whole forms one of the most extensive and historically interesting buildings in the world. The façade on the west side of the court ranks as the most perfect example of the early French Renai ance; the additions of Catharine de Médicis are also architecturally important. Those of Napoleon III., while le pure in style, are of great richne , with profuse use of sculpture. In the interior the splendid Galerie d'A poll on, rebuilt by Louis XIV., is one of the few apartments which retain their original aspect. A great part of the interior has been occupied since 1793 by the famous museum, and succe ive governments have employed the best artists at their command for its deco ration. Lovania. The Latin name of Louvain. Lovat (lõ'vät). A river in Ru ia, flowing into Lake Ilmen opposite Novgorod. Length, about 300 miles. Lovat (lō'vat), Lord. See Fraser , Simon . Lovatz (lō'väts), Turk. Loftcha (lof'chä). A small town in Bulgaria, situated on the Osma about lat. 43° 10′ N., long. 24° 42′ E. It was stormed by the Ru ians Sept. 3, 1877. Love. A play by J. Sheridan Knowles, pro- duced in 1839. Love à la Mode. A farce by Macklin, printed in 1793: written in 1759. Love and a Bottle. A comedy by George Farquhar, produced in 1699. Love and Busine . A miscellany by George Farquhar, printed in 1702. Love and Death, and Love and Life. Companion paintings by George Frederick Watts, of London. In the former Death, a white-draped figure, crushes Love back among garlands of roses, and forces his way through a portal. In the latter Love guides and aids Life, a fair young girl, undraped, up a rough ascent, while flowers spring up in his footsteps. Love and Honour. A by Davenant, Lourdes (lörd). A town in the department of Hunter Pyrenees, France, on the avene Par censed 1634, printed 1649, and revived with 13 miles south-southwest of Tarbes. It contains great succe after the Restoration. an ancient castle, and is famous as a place of pilgrimage. Love at a Venture. A comedy by Mrs. Cent- The basilica and the subterranean Church of the Rosary are noteworthy, but interest centers in the grotto in which the Virgin is said to have appeared to a peasant girl, Bernadette Soubirous, in 1858, and disclosed to her the mirac ulous properties of the spring which the pilgrims visit. Population (1891), commune, 6,976. Lourenço Marques. See Lorenzo Marques . Louth (lour or louth). A maritime county in Leinster, Ireland. It is bounded by Armagh on the north, the Irish Sea on the east, Meath on the south, and Meath and Monaghan on the west. The surface is undulating and in the northeast mountainous. The chief towns are Drogheda and Dundalk. Area, 316 square miles. Population (1891), 71,038. Louth. A town in Lincoln shire, England, situated on the Lud 24 miles east-northeast of Lincoln. Population (1891), 10,040. Louvain (lö-van'), Flem. Leuven (le'ven or lü'ven) or Loven (lō'ven), G. Löwen (lé'ven), L. Lovania (lō-vāʼni-ä). A city in the province of Brabant, Belgium, situated on the Dyle 16 miles east of Bru els. The chief manufacture is beer. The hôtel de ville, or town hall, is one of the most elegant of the characteristics Pointshcivic edifices. handsome 15th-century church containing many fine paintings, especially the "St. Erasmus" and the "Last Supper" of Dieric Bouts, and a sculptured tabernacle 50 feet high. The pulpit, in the peculiar Flemish style (1742), represents "St. Peter's Denial" and the "Conversion of St. Paul," with life-size figures beneath palm-trees. The university, founded in 1426, is attended by about 1,300 students. In the middle ages Louvain was the capital of Brabant, and a leading center of cloth manufacture. An unsucce ful insurrection of the weavers against the nobility in 1378 was followed soon afterward by the emigration of many citizens. Population (1893), Louverture, or L'Ouverture, To us saint. See 41,003. livre, printed in 1706. It is founded on T. Corneille's "Le galant double." See Double Gal lant, The. Loveby (luv'bi). The wild gallant in Dryden's play of that name. Love Chase, The. A comedy by J. Sheridan Knowles, produced in 1837. Love for Love. A comedy by Congreve, printed in 1695. IMG:content-0630.png:[blocks in formation] Love in a Forest. A play adapted from Shakspere's "As you Like it" by Charles Johnson in 1723. Love in a Maze. A comedy by Shirley, licensed in 1631. The title was borrowed by Dion Boucicault for a comedy in 1844. Love in a Riddle. A pastoral by Cibber, printed in 1729. This was written in imitation of the "Beggar's Opera," and played at Drury Lane on Jan. 7, 1729. It was hi ed by Cibber's enemies, and converted into "Damon and Phillida." Dict . Nat. Biog. Love in a Tub. See Comical Revenge , The . Love in a Village. A comic opera by Isaac Bickerstaffe, produced in 1762, printed in 1763. The music is by Arne. Love in a Wood, or St. James's Park. A play by Wycherley, produced in 1672. Loveira. See Lobeira . Lovejoy (luv'joi), Elijah Parish. Born at Al- To us saint Louverture . Couvray (lö-va' de kö-vra'), Jean bion, Maine, Nov. 9, 1802: killed at Alton, Ill., IMG:content-0631.png:[ocr errors][merged small] Baptiste. Born at Paris, June 11, 1760: died at Paris, Aug. 25, 1797. A French revolution journalist, an opponent of slavery, killed by a ist and novelist, a deputy to the Convention in 1792. He wrote the novel "Les amours du chevalier de Faublas" (1787-89). Louviers (lö-vyā'). A town in the department of Eure, northern France, situated on the Eure 14 miles south by east of Rouen. It has flour ishing manufactures, especially of cloth. Popu lati on (1891), commune, 9,979. Louvois (lö-vwä'), François Michel Letellier, Marquis de. Born at Paris, Jan. 18, 1641: died July 16, 1691. Anoted French statesman, min ister of war under Louis XIV. 1666-91. He organized the French standing army. Louvre (lövr). A castle (in Paris) of the kings of France from or before the 13th century, and the chief royal palace until Louis XIV. built Versailles. The existing palace was begun by Francis I. in 1541, and was extended by his succe ors down to Louis XIV., who added much, including the imposing east front pro-slavery mob at Alton. Lovejoy, Owen. Born at Albion, Maine, Jan. 6, 1811: died at Brooklyn, N. Y., March 25, 1864. An American clergyman and antislavery politician, brother of E. P. Lovejoy. He was a member of Congre from Illinois 1857-64. Lovel (luv'el). In Ben Jonson's comedy "The New Inn," a soldier and scholar, and a chivalric lover. This part contains some of Jonson's most beautiful poetry. Lovel. The name under which Charles Lamb describes his father, John Lamb, in "Old Benchers of the Inner Temple." Love lace (luv'lās). The principal male character in Richardson's novel "Clari a Harlowe": unscrupulous libertine whose has become a synonym for characters of that nature. He is an expansion of Rowe's Lothario. Love lace (luv'lās), Counte of (August a Ada Love's Cure Byron). Born Dec. 10, 1815: died Nov. 29, 1852. The daughter of Lord Byron. Love lace, Richard. Born in Kent, 1618: died at London, 1658. An English Cavalier poet. He was educated at the Charter house and at Gloucester Hall, Oxford. He was imprisoned by the Parliament in 1642; took part in the siege of Dunkirk in 1646; and was imprisoned on his return to England in 1648. He was released after the king's execution, but his estate was spent, and he died in poverty in the purlieus of London. In 1649 he published "Lucasta" (from Lux Casta, his name for Lucy Sacheverell): this was revised while he was in prison. After his death his brother collected and published his poems as "Lucasta: Posthume Poems" (1659). His name survives chiefly on account of his lyrics "To Althea from Prison" and "To Lucasta on going to the Wars." Lovele (luv'les). A character in Cibber's comedy "Love's Last Shift," and in its continuation, Vanbrugh's "The Relapse": a debauched libertine. He grows weary of his wife, Amanda, in six months; leaves the country and his debts behind him; and returns pennile to England to reform and be forgiven (after a "Relapse" with Berinthia) by Amanda whom he really loves. Lovele , Elder. The principal male character in Beaumont and Fletcher's play "The Scornful Lady." He is a suitor of the lady, who scorns and flouts him; but in the end he wins her by a trick. Lovele , Young. The brother of the elder Lovele : a heartle , callous prodigal. Love Lies a Bleeding. See Phil aster . Lovell (luv'el), George William. Born in 1804: died at Hampstead, May 13, 1878. An English dramatic writer. Among his plays are "The Provost of Bruges" (1836), "Love's Sacrifice" (1842), "Look before you Leap" (1846), "The Wife's Secret" (1846), "The Trial of Love" (1852). Lovell, Lovell, Mans field. Born at Washington, D. C., Oct. 20, 1822: died at New York, June 1, 1884. An American general in the Confederate service. Lovel the Widower. A novel by Thackeray, published in 1861. Lovely (luv'li), Ann. A character in Mrs. Cent comedy "A Bold Stroke for a Lover": an heire to win whom Colonel Fain well, her lover, disguises himself as the real Simon Pure whom she was intended by her guardian to IMG:content-0632.png:[blocks in formation] 1701. Lover (luv'er), Samuel. Born at Dublin, Feb. 24, 1797: died at St. Heliers, July 6, 1868. An Irish novelist, song-writer, and painte painter. His chief novels are "Rory O'More" (1837: it was dramatized and had a run of 108 nights) and "Handy Andy "(1842). His "Songs and Ballads" were published in 1839, including "The Angel's Whisper," "The Low-backed Car," "The Four leaved Shamrock," "Molly Bawn," "Father Molloy," etc. Lovere (lō-vā're). A town in northern Italy, on the Lake of Iseo 21 miles north-northwest of Brescia. Lover's Complaint, A. A poem by Shakspere, written probably in 1593-94, but published with the sonnets in 1609. Fleay . Lover's Leap. A promontory the southwestern extremity of Leucas (Santa Maura), Ionian Islands: the traditional scene of the death of Sappho. Lover's Life, Complaint of a. A poem inserted in the 16th-century editions of Chaucer, and attributed to him. Manuscript authority gives it to Lydgate. Lovers' Melancholy, The. A play by Ford, produced in 1628, printed in 1629. This play contains the celebrated contention between the nightingale and the musician from Strada. 1615.. Lovers' Progre , The. A play by Fletcher and Mas singer, printed in 1647. "The plot is taken from play unquestionably a version of the 'Wandering Lovers,' a play licensed 6 Dec., 1623, and may be identified with the Tragedy of Clean der' (ascribed to Mas singer), which was performed at Black friars 7 May, 1634. A play called 'The Wandering Lovers or The Picture' was entered in the 'Stationers' Register' 9 Sept., 1653, as a work of Mas singer. In spite of the puzzling after-title the entry probably refers to the 'Lovers' Progre . dignie This Pistoire training devised temp IMG:content-0633.png:[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small] gré lui" and "Le mariage forcé" by Molière. Love's Labour 's Lost Love's Labour's Lost. A comedy by Shakspere, produced in 1589, printed in 1598. Various changes were made in it in 1597, when it was retouched for a court performance. The title is "A pleasant conceited Comedy as it was presented before her Highne this last Christmas. Newly corrected and augmented by W. Shakespeare. Imprinted 1598." This is the first appearance of Shakspere's name on a play title-page. There is no doubt that an earlier version existed. Morley; Fleay. Love's Labour's Won. A lost play by Shakspere, printed in 1600, and entered in the "Stationers' Register" Aug. 23, 1600. It is probably the original of "Much Ado about Nothing," as it was called "Benedict and Bettris" when acted before King James in 1612-13, although presented that same Christmas to Prince Charles, the Palatine, and Lady Elizabeth under its proper name. Fleay . IMG:content-0634.png:[blocks in formation] matist, son of Charles Lowell. He graduated at bishop of London. He published "Prælectiones de Harvard College in 1838. In Jan., 1855, on the resign a sacra poesi Hebræorum" ("Lectures on the Sacred Poetry tion of Long fellow, Lowell was elected to his profe or- _ of the Hebrews," 1753), a translation of Isaiah (1778), etc. ship at Harvard. He did not a ume it at once, but went Loxa. See Loja . abroad and spent two years in the study of modern lan- Loyal (loi'al), Monsieur. A catchpoll in Mo- guages, and in perfecting himself in Old French and Provençal poetry. On his return he took the chair of belles lettres. He was editor of the "Atlantic Monthly" 18571862, and of the "North American Review" 1863-72. He was sent as United States minister to Spain 1877-80, and to Great Britain 1880-85. He delivered many public addre es both in England and in the United States, and a course of lectures on the English dramatists at the Lowell Institute in 1887. These were published after his death. Among his poetical works are "A Year's Life" (1841), "Poems" (1844, 1848, 1849, 1854), "Complete Poetical Works" (1850, 1858, 1880), "The Vision of Sir Launfal" (1845), "A Fable for Critics" (1848), "The Biglow Papers," twee series, 1848 and 1867), "Mason and Slidell, etc." (1862), "Commemoration Ode" (1865), "Under the Willows, etc. " (1868), "The Cathedral" (1869), "Three Memo Love's Last Shift, or the Fool in Fashion. A comedy by Cibber, produced in Jan., 1694. Vanbrugh's "Relapse" is a sequel to this. See Fop -rial Poems" (1876), "Heartsease and Rue" (1888), etc. His pington, Lord. Love's Metamorphosis. Lyly, published in 1601. A comedy by John Loves of the Angels, The. A poem by Thomas Moore, published in 1822. Loves of the Plants, The. The second part of the "Botanic Garden," a versified treatise on botany, by Erasmus Darwin, published in 1789. The first part, "The Economy of Vegetation," did not appear till 1792. Loves of the Triangles, The. A satirical poem by Canning and Frere, published in the "AntiJacobin." It was in ridicule of Erasmus Darwin and his "Loves of the Plants." Love Spell, The. See Elisire d'Amore . Love's Pilgrimage. A romantic comedy by Fletcher and another, probably written by 1612. It was printed in 1647. The plot is from a novel of Cervantes, and a part of Jonson's "New Inn" is incorporated in it. Fleay identifies it with "The History of Cardenio." Low (10), Seth. Born at Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 18, 1850. An American educator. He was elected mayor of Brooklyn in 1881 and again in 1883, and president of Columbia College, New York, in 1890. He has given to the college a new library building costing about $1,000,000. prose works and e ays are collected in "Conversations on Some of the Old Poets" (1845), "Fireside Travels" (1864), "Among my Books" (1870 and 1876), "My Study Windows" (1871), "Democracy" (1886), and "Political E ays" (1888). His "Letters" were edited by Profe or Norton in 1893. Lowell, John. Born at Boston, May 11, 1799: died at Bombay, March 4, 1836. An American merchant, son of F. C. Lowell: founder of the Lowell Institute at Boston. Lowell, Mary. See Putnam , Mrs. Lowell, Robert Traill Spence. Born at Boston, Oct. 8, 1816: died at Schenectady, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1891. An American Episcopal clergyman, instructor, poet, and novelist: son of Charles Lowell and elder brother of James Ru ell Lowell. He published the novel "The New Priest in Conception Bay" (1858), "Fresh Hearts that Failed Three You sand Years Ago, and Other Poems" (1860), "Antony Brode," a story (1874), etc. Löwenberg (lè'ven-berg). A town in the province of Silesia, Pru ia, situated on the Bober 64 miles west of Breslau. Population (1890), 4,782. Lowenburg (lė'ven-böra). A peak of the Siebengebirge, in the Rhine land. Height, 1,505 feet. Low, Will H. Born at Albany, N. Y., May 31, 1853. An American figure-painter, noted also for his decorative work and designs for stained Lower Bavaria, G. Niederbayern (ne" der gla , and as an illustrator. He was a pupil of Carolus Duran. bi'ern). A government district in the southeast of Bavaria, lying on both sides of the Dan Low (16) Archipelago, or Paumota (pou-mō'- ube. Area, 4,152 square miles. Population tä), or Paumotu (-tö), or Tuamotu (twä-mō'tö) (1890), 664,798. Islands. An extensive group of small islands, Lower California. See California , Lower . chiefly coral, situated in the South Pacific, Lower Canada. See Ontario, Quebec. of the Society Islands and south of the Marquet Lower Chinook. One of the two divisions of sas Islands. They are a French protectorate. Low Countries. A name given (a) to the Netherlands; (b) to the low region near the North Sea comprised in the modern Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium). Lowe (10), Sir Hudson. Born at Galway, Ireland, July 28, 1769: died at London, Jan. 10, 1844. A British general, governor of St. Helena during the captivity of Napoleon, 1815-21. Löwe (lė've), Johann Karl Gottfried. Born at Löbejün, near Halle, Pru ia, Nov. 30, 1796: died at Kiel, Pru ia, April 20, 1869. Á German composer of ballads, songs, and oratorios. the Chinook an stock of North American Indi ans. Its chief tribes are the Artsmilsh (collective), Chinook proper, and Clatsop. See Chi nook an . Lower Coquille. See Kusan . Lower Empire. [F. Bas - Empire .] A name given to the Byzantine empire. Under the names of the "Greek Empire," the "Lower Empire"- whatever may be the exact meaning of that last strange formula-not a few readers and writers are content to conceal their ignorance of a you sand years of eventful history. Freeman, Hist. E ays, III. 232. lière's "Tartufe": a very small part made famous by Coquelin. Loyal Legion (official title: Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States). A society organized at Philadelphia, April 15, 1865, to commemorate the services and perpetuate the memory of those who served in the Union army, and to afford relief to soldiers who survived the war. Membership descends to the eldest male lineal descendant according to the rules of primogeniture. Loyalty (loi'al-ti) Islands. A group of small islands belonging to France, situated in the South Pacific, east of New Caledonia, in lat. 21° S., long. 167° E. The chief islands are Lifu, Uea, and Mare (or Nengone). The group is a dependency of New Caledonia. Loyola (lō-yō'lä), Ignatius de (Inigo Lopez de Recalde). Born at the castle of Loyola, Guipuzcoa, Spain, 1491: died at Rome, July 31, 1556. A Spanish soldier and prelate, founder of the Society of Jesus. He was educated as a page at the court of Ferdinand the Catholic, and afterward joined the army. While recovering from a severe wound received at the siege of Pamplona by the French in 1521, he was converted, and dedicated himself to the service of the Virgin. He entered in 1528 the University of Paris, where, with a number of fellow-students, among whom were Laynez, Bobadilla, Rodriguez, and Pierre Lefèvre, he projected in 1534 a religious order, which received the name of the Society or Company of Jesus, for the conver sion of the infidels, and to counteract the Protestant Reformation. The order was confirmed by Pope Paul III. in 1540, and Loyola became its first general in 1541, although Laynez was from its inception really the controlling spirit of the organization. He remained in office until his death. He wrote in Spanish "Constitution of the Order" and "Spiritual Exercises" (1548). His life has been written by Ribadeneira, Maffei, Bouhours, and Spuller. Loyola, Martin Garcia Oñez de. Born in Guipuzcoa about 1548: died between Imperial and Angol, Chile, Nov. 22, 1598. A Spanish cavalier, nephew of Ignatius Loyola. He went to Peru in 1568, distinguished himself in the campaign against the Inca Tumar and finally captured him in 1571. Sub sequently he married the Inca's niece. In 1592 he was appointed captain-general of Chile. There he prosecuted the Araucanian war with vigor, but was eventually sur prised by the Indians at a camp and killed with 60 companions. In the general Indian uprising which followed, the Spaniards were driven beyond the Biobio. Loyson (w-zon), Charles, called Père Hya cinthe. Born at Orléans, France, March 10, 1827. A French pulpit orator. He became a priest in 1851, and afterward entered the order of the Carmelites. About 1865 he removed to Paris, where he acquired a repu tation for eloquence in the pulpit, and for boldne in denouncing abuses in the Roman Catholic Church. He married in 1872; was chosen curate of a congregation of Liberal Catholics at Geneva in 1873; and founded a "Gallican" congregation at Paris in 1879. Lozère (lō-zar'). A department in southern France, capital Mende, formed chiefly from the ancient Gévaudan in Langue doc. It is bounded by Cantal on the northwest, Haute-Loire on the northeast, Ardèche on the east, Gard on the southeast and south, and square miles. Population (1891), 135,527. at London, July 27, 1892. An English politician. nate, etc. He was vice-president of the board of trade and paymas- Lower Saxon Circle, G. Niedersächsischer ter-general 1855-59; vice-president of the education board Kreis (ne-der-zek's ish-er kris). One of the 1859-64; chancellor of the exchequer 1868-73; and home ten circles of the Holy Roman Empire, com secretary was a Liberal, but opposed his party Löwe (le've), Wilhelm, called Löwe-Kalbe. as an "A dull a mite" the question of reform in 1866. prising Magdeburg, Lüneburg, Wolfenbüttel, Lübeck, Bremen, Hamburg, Hildesheim, Hal- Born at Olvenstedt, near Magdeburg, Pru ia, berstadt, berstadt, Mecklenburg, Holstein, stein, etc. Nov. 14, 1814: died at Meran, Tyrol, Nov. 2, Lower Spokane. See Spokane . 1886. A German politician, member of the Frankfort Parliament (1848), president of the Lower Umpqua. See Kuitc . Lowerzer See (lõ'vert-ser zā). A lake in the the Lake of Lucerne. Length, 2ł miles. Lowest oft (lo's toft or lō'e-stoft). A seaport and seaside resort in Suffolk, England, situated on the North Sea 10 miles south of Yarmouth. Near it in 1665 the British fleet under the Duke of York defeated the Dutch. Population (1891), 23,347. Stuttgart Parliament (1849), and, later, liberal canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, northeast of leader in the Reichstag and Pru ian Landtag. Lowell (lõ'el). One of the capitals of Middle sex County, Ma achusetts, situated at the falls of the Merrimac and its junction with the Concord, 24 miles north-northwest of Boston. It is noted for manufactures, especially of cotton and woolen goods, and was long the chief seat of cotton manufacture in America (established 1823). It is sometimes called the "Manchester of America" and the "Spindle City." It became a town in 1826; a city in 1836. Population (1890), 77,696. Lowell, Francis Cabot. Born at New bury port, Ma ., April 7, 1775: died at Boston, Sept. 2, 1817. An American merchant, one of the pioneers of the cotton manufacture at Waltham and Lowell. Lowell, James Ru ell. Born at Cambridge, Ma ., Feb. 22, 1819: died there, Aug. 12, 1891. An American poet, e ayist, scholar, and diplo Lowicz (lo'vich). A town in the government of Warsaw, Ru ian Poland, situated on the Bzura 47 miles west by south of Warsaw. Population (1890), 8,740. Lowin (lo'win), John. Born 1576: died 1659. An English actor, contemporary with Shakspere. He played some of the greater characters, includ. ing Hamlet, and ended his days keeping the Three Pigeons, a tavern at Brent ford. Lowth (louth), Robert. Born at Winchester, Nov. 27, 1710: died at Fulham, near London, Nov. 3, 1787. An English divine and scholar, Luba (lö'bä), or Baluba (bä-lö'bä). A great Bantu nation of the Kongo State. It extends from the confluence of the Ka ai and Lulua to Lake Tanganyika and to Katanga, and includes the Bashilange, Basonge, Warua (of Cameron), Moluas (of the Portuguese independent and speak dialect the one Lubri of language. In physical appearance the Baluba are tall, well formed, bronze-colored, and intelligent. The tribe of the Bashilange, forming the western wing of the nation, is said to be mixed with the first occupants of its territory. This is called Lubuku-i. e. 'friendship'- by the people of Angola. Lübben (lüb'ben). A town in the province of Brandenburg, Pru ia, situated on the Spree 45 miles south-southeast of Berlin. Population (1890), 6,198. Lubber land. See Cockaigne . Lubbock (lub'ok), Sir John William. Born at London, March 26, 1803: died near Farnborough, Kent, June 20, 1865, An English astronomer and mathematician, treasurer and vice president of the Royal Society 1830-35. He wrote the Planets" (1833), etc. Theory of Moon and on the Perturbations of Lubbock, Sir John. Born at London, April 30, 1834. A noted English archæologist, naturalist, and politician: a baronet, son of Sir John William Lubbock. He has represented the University of London in Parliament since 1880. He is president of the Linnean Society and of the Institute of Bankers, & Tarentum on the east, Bruttium on the south, and the Tyrrhenian Sea on the southwest. The surface is moun- tainous. The inhabitants were Lucanians (a branch of the Samnites) and Greeks on the coast. It was reduced by Lucaris (lö-kā'ris), Cyrillus. Born about 1572: murdered 1638. A reforming prelate of the Greek Church. He became patriarch of Con- between Plants and Insects" (1878), "Scientific Lectures" and "Addre es Political and Educational" (1879), "Ants, Bees, and Wasps, etc." (1882), "Fifty Years Science" (1881), "Chapters in Popular Natural History" (1883), and "On the Senses, Instincts, and Intelligence of Animals, stantinople in 1621. etc." (1888). Lübeck (lü'bek). A state of the German Em- pire, comprising the city of Lübeck and a small adjoining territory, inclosed by the Baltic, Mecklenburg, Holstein, and the principality of Lübeck (belonging to Oldenburg). It is a repub- Luca Giordano. See Giordano . Lucan (lu'kan) (Marcus Annæus Lucanus). Born at Cordova, Spain, 39 A. D.: committed suicide 65 A. D. A Roman poet and prose-writer, author of the "Pharsalia," in 10 books, an epic poem on the civil war between Cæsar and Pom- He was forbidden by Nero, Lucasta. See Love lace , Richard. Lucas van Leyden (lö käs vän li'den) (Lucas Jacobsz). Born at Leyden about 1494: died there, 1533. A Dutch engraver and painter. Lucayans (lö-ki'anz). [Sp. Lucayos , from some Indian word.] The aboriginal inhabitants of the Bahama Islands. They were the first Americans encountered by Columbus, who described them as a mild and indolent race, living partly by agriculture, and going naked. It appears that their language was related to that of Cuba and Haiti, and probably they were of Arawak stock. Their foreheads were artificially flattened, as is shown by recently discovered skulls. Early in the 16th century many you sands of them were induced, by false promises, to go to Española, where they were enslaved; others were carried off by force, and in a few years all had perished. Lucayos (lö-ki'ōs). The name originally given by the Spaniards to the Bahama Islands, from the Indians who inhabited them. It is still used occasionally, principally by Spanish authors. Lucca (lök'kä). A province of Tuscany, Italy. It was made a principality by Napoleon for his sister Elisa Bacciocchi; was granted as a duchy to Maria Louisa of Spain in 1815; and was annexed by Tuscany in 1847. Area, 558 square miles. Population (1891), 288,637. Lucca, F. Lucques (lük). The capital of the province of Lucca, Italy, situated in lat. 43° 51′ N., long. 10° 31′ E.: the Roman Luca. It is noted especially for silk manufactures, and also for oil and woolen manufactures The cathedral (duomo) is a notable remarkable for its rich inlaid work in colored stone, repre- senting hunting scenes. The interior has round arches below with ma ive piers, a high triforium with rich tra- cery, and a low clearstory with circular windows. The so-called "Tempietto," in one aisle, is a little octagonal domed Renai ance temple, built in 1482 to receive the Oriental crucifix called the Volto Santo. San Giovanni is an early basilica with later medieval alterations. The chief portal has a fine Romanesque relief of the Virgin, with the apostles and angels. The fluted columns of the nave are Roman. The old Lombard baptistery is 59 feet square; it has a remarkable 14th-century dome on pen- dentives. The Deposito di Mendicità (poorhouse), formerly the Palazzo Borghi, is a fine example of an Italian medie val palace (1413) designed for defense. It is of red brick, with traceried windows, and has a high tower. There are considerable remains existing of a Roman amphitheater, of date about 100 A. D., though the arena is occupied by the Piazza del Mercato. It had two tiers of 54 arches, and could seat about 10,000. One of the entrance gates, in rus- ticated masonry, survives. Lucca was an ancient Italian town, and became a Roman colony about 177 B. C.; was the seat of a medieval duchy, and later of a republic; be. longed to Pisa in the 14th century; and became inde- pendent in 1369. It was conquered by the French in 1797. Population (1891), about 76,000. Lucca, Bagni di. [It., 'baths of Lucca.'] A watering-place in Italy, situated on the Lima 14 miles north by east of Lucca. Lucca, Pauline. Born at Vienna, April 24,1841. A noted German opera-singer. Her parents were Italian. Her voice is a full soprano. She made her début at Olmütz in 1859 as Elvira in "Ernani." In 1861 she roused great enthusiasm at Berlin, and was engaged as court singer for life there. She was also succe ful in London in 1863, and sang there nearly every season till 1872. In that year she resigned her position at Berlin and came to the United States. She returned to Europe in 1874, and sang in nearly all the great cities except Berlin. She married Baron defending the lilied shield of France, is carved in the round in a rece in the face of an upright, vine-draped rock, in a little park, at Lucerne. A commemorative inscription, with the names of the officers killed, is cut in the rock. Lucetta (lö-set'tä). A waiting-woman in Shak- spere spere's "Two Gentlemen of Verona." Luchaze (lö-chä'ze), or Baluchaze (bä-l ze). A Bantu tribe of Angola, West Africa. They live between the head streams of the Kuito River, southeast of Bihe, in a beautiful wooded country. They are related to the Ambuela and Ngangela tribes, file their fore teeth, wear skins and baobab cloth, and are clever iron and copper-smiths. They obtain their pottery by bar- ter. Their granaries are large, and their villages clean and well built. Luchon. See Bagnères - de - Luchon . Lucia (lū'shia), Saint. [L., fem. of Lucius ; E. Lucy .] A martyr of the primitive church in Syracuse, who perished during the persecution of Diocletian. According to the legend, she rejected a pagan suitor whom her mother desired her to marry, was denounced as a Christian, and was condemned to be out- raged, but escaped this fate and died in prison. She is the patrone especially of those who suffer from distemper of the eyes. Lucia. In South erne's "Sir Antony Love, or The Rambling Lady," a young girl who disguises herself as a man (Sir Antony) and follows her lover to win him. She is the "rambling lady." Lucena (lö-tha'nä). A town in the province of Cordova, Spain, situated on the Cascajar 37 miles south-southeast of Cordova. Population le , was the best that had been written for 400 years. His (1887), 21,271. Lucentio (lö-sen's hiō). In Shakspere's "Tam- ing of the Shrew," an accomplished young stu- forms the underplot of the play. Lucera (lö-cha'rä). A town in the province of Foggia, Italy, 10 miles west-northwest of Fog- gia: the ancient Luceria. It has a cathedral and a castle. The latter, built on the site of the cla ical citadel by the emperor Frederick II., is of great extent and impos- Lucerne (lu-sèrn'; F. pron. lü-sarn'), G. Lu- zern (lö-tsern'). 1. A canton of Switzerland, bounded by Aargau on the north, Zug and Schwyz on the east, Unterwalden on the south- east, and Bern on the south and west. Its surface is hilly and mountainous. It is one of the four Forest Can- tons, and sends 7 members to the National Council. The prevailing language is German, and the religion Roman Catholic. Lucerne joined the League of the Forest Cantons in 1332. It took part in the battle of Sempach in 1386, and annexed the Entlebuch at the beginning of the 15th cen- tury. It part of the Helvetic Republic. In 1847 it Lucianists Pandæmonium, city and proud seat Of Lucifer; so by allusion call'd Of that bright star to Satan paragon'd. Lucifer. Died 371 A. D. A bishop of Caliris (Cagliari) in Sardinia, a fierce controversialist, and founder of a sect of Lucifer i ans named from him, whose chief tenet was that no bishop who had conformed in any measure to Arianism could retain his rank if he rejoined the orthodox party. Lucile (lu-sel'). A narrative poem by the Earl of Lytton (Owen Meredith), published in Lucilius (lu-sil'i-us), Caius. Born at Sue a Aurunca, Camp an i a, about 180 в. с.: died at Naples, 103 в. C. A Latin satirical poet, author of "Saturæ," miscellaneous poems containing a very free criticism of contemporary life. Lucina (lū-si'nä). In Roman mythology, the godde who presided over childbirth, consid ered as a daughter of Jupiter and Juno, but frequently confused with Juno or with Diana. She corresponded more or le closely to the Greek godde Ilithyia. Lucinde (lü-sand'). 1. The daughter of Sganarelle in Molière's "L'Amour médec in."-2. The daughter of Géronte in Molière's "Le médec in malgré lui." It is to cure her that Sganarelle is obliged to pretend to be a doctor. Lucio (lū'shiō). A fantastic and profligate character in Shakspere's "Measure for Measure." Lucius (lu's hi us). [L., 'pertaining to the light or daybreak'; Gr. Λούκιος , It. Lucio , Sp. Lucio , Pg. Lucio, F. Luce.] Bishop of Adrianople in the 4th century. He was expelled from his see by the Arians about 340; appealed to the Roman Council under Julius, which ordered his restoration - a decree which was resisted by the Eusebians in his diocese; and was finally reëstablished in his see by Constant i us, in accordance with the decision of the Council of Sardica. Lucius I. Bishop of Rome 253-254. Lucius II. (Gerhard da Caccianamichi). Died Feb. 25, 1145. Pope 1144-45. He was killed by a stone thrown during the insurrection against the papal government. Lucius III. (Ubaldo Allucingoli). Died Nov. 24, 1185. Pope 1181-85. Lucius. 1. In Shakspere's tragedy "Julius Cæsar," a boy, a servant of Brutus.-2. In Shakspere's "Cymbeline," a general of the Roman forces.-3. In Shakspere's (?) "Titus Andronicus," the son of Titus. He has a son who is also named Lucius.-4. In Shakspere's "Timon of Athens," a flattering lord; also, in the same play, a servant who waits on Timon's creditors. Lucius Junius Brutus. A tragedy by Andrieux, produced at the Comédie Française in 1830. Lucius Junius Brutus, Father of his Country, A tragedy by Nathaniel Lee, produced in 1681. Lucka (lök'ä). A small town in Saxe-Altenburg, Germany, situated on the Schnauder 18 miles south of Leipsic. Here, May 31, 1307, the Thu ring i ans defeated the Imperialists under Philip of Na au. Luckau (lök'ou). A small town in the province of Brandenburg, Pru ia, situated on the Berste 47 miles south by east of Berlin. Here, June 4, 1813 the Pru ians and Ru ians under Von Bülow defeated the French under Oudinot. Lücke (lü'ke), Gottfried Christian Fried rich. Born at Egeln, near Magdeburg, Pru ia, Aug. 23, 1791: died at Göttingen, Feb. 14, 1855. A German theologian, profe or succe ively at Berlin, Bonn, and Göttingen. He wrote "Kommentar über die Schriften des Evangel is ten Johannes" Commentary on the Writings of the Evangelist John," 1820-32), etc. Luckenwalde (lö'ken-väl-de). A town in the province of Brandenburg, Pru ia, situated on the Nuthe 29 miles south by west of Berlin. It manufactures cloth, etc. Population (1890), 18,008. Luckner (lök'ner), Count Nikolaus. Born at Cham, Bavaria, Jan., 1722: guillotined at Paris, Jan. 4, 1794. A general in the Dutch and German and (after the Seven Years' War) in the French service. He became a marshal in 1791, and IMG:content-0635.png:[blocks in formation] was condemned and put to death by the Revolutionary tri- Lud (lud). A mythical king of Britain. bunal on a charge of treason. Lucknow, or Lakhnau (luk'nou). 1. A division in Oudh, British India. Area, 4,504 square miles. Population (1881), 2,622,681.-2. A district in the division of Lucknow, intersected by lat. 27° N., long. 81° E. Area, 967 square miles. Population (1891), 774,163.-3. The capital of Oudh and of the district of Lucknow, situated on the Gumti about lat. 26° 52′ N., long. 80° 55′ E. It manufactures gold and silver brocade, muslin, etc. Among the chief buildings is the mausoleum Imam bar a, a great hall dating from the middle of the last century, and one of the most interesting productions of the later Indian-Saracenic style. The plan is rectangular, 263 by 145 feet. The fine central hall, 162 by 53) feet, is arcaded on both sides and flanked in front by a porch and at the back by a gallery. Each end presents an octagonal room and two closed side chambers. The vaults are formed in thick, solid ma es of concrete, precisely according to the ancient Roman system. The general effect is picturesque cadence. Lucknow was defended (at first under Sir Henry Lawrence) against the Indian mutineers July-Sept., 1857; relieved by Havelock Sept. 25; again relieved by Campbell Nov. 17; and finally captured by Campbell March, 1858. impre ive, though the ornamental details show de