STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON

(1840-1904), Brit. explorer of Africa; real name, John Rowlands (Rollant); after some years of hardship, adopted by Amer. merchant, whose name he a umed; enlisted after adopted parent's death; captured in Amer. Civil War; returned to Wales, where his mother refused to receive him. 8. sought consolation in adventures by land and sea, and wrote articles to Amer. papers. Given by New York Herald, the task of finding Living stone, 1869, S. left Zanzibar for interior, March 1871, and found Living stone at Ujiji in Nov.; returned, 1872; pub. How I found Living stone; obtained funds for second expedition, 1874-77, in which he discovered source of Congo, etc.; sent by Leopold II. of Belgium, 1879, and established Congo Free State; undertook Brit. expedition to east equatorial region, 1887; recounted terrible sufferings in In Darkest Africa, 1890; knighted, 1899; entered Parliament, 1895.