Bastan

See Baztan. Bastar (bus'tär). A feudatory state connected with the Chanda district of the Central Provinces, British India, in lat. 18°-20° N., long. 80° 30′-82° 15′ E. Area, 13,062 square miles. Population (1891), 310,884. Bastard of Orleans. [F. Batard d'Orléans .] Comte Jean de Dunois (1402-68), an illegitimate son of Louis, brother of Charles VI. Bastards. See Khoikhoin , Griqua . Bastarnæ (bas-tär'nē), or Basternæ (bas-tér'nē). [L. (Livy) Bastarnæ , Gr. (Strabo) Βαστάρναι.] A Germanic tribe. They appear in his tory, in the 2d century B. C., as auxiliaries of Perseus against the Romans in the third Maced on i an war, in the region about the Black Sea north of the Danube, whither they had come from their original seat, apparently on the upper Vistula. During the succeeding centuries they were in frequent conflict with the Romans, but disappear in the 3d century. They appear to have been the first Germanic people to leave their old homes in the north, and were the forerunners, accordingly, of the movement southward that afterward became general. Bastei (bäs-ti'). A rocky height in the Saxon Switzerland, situated on the Elbe 6 miles east of Pirna. Height, 875 feet. Basternæ. See Bastarnæ . Bastetani (bas-te-tā'nī), or Bast it an i (bas-titānī). A Spanish people, po ibly Iberian, hardly Phenic i an, who occupied the coast of Hispania Bætic a. Basti (bäs'tē). A district in the Benares division, Northwest Provinces, British India, about lat. 27° N., long. 83° E. Area, 2,767 square miles. Population Population (1891), 1,785,844. Bastia (bäs-tē'ä). A seaport on the northeastern coast of f Corsica, Corsica, in lat. 42° 41′ N., long. 9° 27′ E. It is the chief commercial place in the island, and was formerly its capital. It was taken by the British in 1745. Population (1891), 23,397. Bastian (bästyän), Adolf. Born at Bremen, June 26, 1826. A. Pru ian ethnologist. He studied medicine, the natural sciences at various German universities, became a surgeon, and (1851-66) traveled in Australia, New Zealand, Peru, Colombia, Central America, remote parts of China, India and Persia, Syria, Egypt, Arabia (penetrating to Mecca), the Cape of Good Hope and West Africa, Norway, India (a second time), the Malay Islands, China, northern Asia, the Caspian and Black seas, and the Caucasus. In 1866 he was appointed profe or of ethnology at Berlin, and administrator of the Ethnological Museum. He succeeded Virchow as president of the Berlin Anthropological Society, and was the principal organizer and president of the African Society, which gave a great impetus to German explorations in Africa. Among his important published works are "Der Mensch in der Geschichte" (3 vols. 1860), "Sprachvergleichende Studien" (1870), "Die Culturländer des Alten Americas" (1878), and numerous papers in the proceedings of scientific societies. With Hartmann he founded the "Zeitschrift für Ethnologie" in 1869. Bastian (bas'tyan), Henry Charlton. Born at Truro, Cornwall, April 26, 1837. An English IMG:content-0204.png:[blocks in formation] physician and biologist, profe or of pathologhis "Letanie of Dr. John Bastwick in which he rounds ical anatomy and clinical medicine in Univer- sity College, College, London: noted as a pathologist College, (nervous system) and as a defender of the doc- trine of spontaneous generation. He has written "Origin of Lowest Organisms" (1871), "Beginnings of Life" (1872), "Evolution and the Origin of Life" (1874), "The Brain as an Organ of Mind" (1880), etc. Bastiat (bäs-tyä'), Frédéric. Born at Bayonne, France, June 29, 1801: died at Rome, Dec. 24, 1850. A noted French political economist, deputy to the Constituent and Legislative a emblies 1848. He was an influential opponent of the protective system and of socialism. Among his works are "De l'influence des tarifs français et anglais sur l'avenir des deux peuples" (in the "Journal des Économistes"), "Sophismes économiques" (1846), "Propriété et loi," "Justice et fraternité" (1848), "Protection nis me et com munis me" (1849), "Capital et rente" (1849), "Harmonies économiques" (1849). Bastide (bäs-ted'), Jules. Born at Paris, Nov. 22, 1800: died there, March 3, 1879. A French journalist and politician, a leader in the unsucce ful insurrection of 1832. He was condemned to death for taking part in the émeute on the occasion of the funeral of General Lamarque, June 5, but escaped to London. In 1834 he returned, and in the revolution of 1848 was made minister of foreign affairs. He wrote "La république française et l'Italie en 1848" (1858), "Guerres de religion en France" (1859), etc. Bastien-Lepage (bäs-tyań'lė - päzh'), Jules. Born at Damvillers, Meuse, France, Nov. 1, 1848: died at Paris, Dec. 10, 1884. A noted French painter. At sixteen years of age he went to Paris where he partly supported himself by entering the postal service. He entered the atelier of Cabanel, with whom he remained until 1870. During the war he enlisted in a company of francs-tireurs. After the war was over he returned to Damvillers to paint. On returning to Paris he supported himself by working for the illustrated Returning to Damvillers in the summer of 1873, he painted his grandfather's portrait, which was one of the succe es of the Salon of 1874. He received a third-cla medal in 1874. In the Salon of 1875 his "First Communiơn" gained a second-cla medal. In 1880 he exhibited the great picture of Joan of Arc, now in the Metropolitan Museum of New York. Bastille (bas-tel'), The. [In spelling and pron. conformed to mod. F.; from ME. bastile , bas- tille , bastele , bastel , etc., from OF. (and mod. F.) bastille , from ML. bastile , pl. bastilia , a tower, fortre , from bastire (whence OF. bastir , F. bâtir = Pr. OSp. bastir = It. bastire ), build, of unknown origin; referred by Diez to Gr. βαστά- ζειν , raise, support.] A celebrated state prison in Paris. The first stone was laid April 22, 1370. There were at first only two round towers 75 feet high, flanking the city gate. Afterward two more were added to the north and south and a parallel line was built to the west; four others were afterward added to these. These towers were united by walls of the same height and a moat dug around the whole, forming a quadrangle, the inner court of which was 162 feet long and 72 feet wide. The terrors of the Bas- tille as a state prison reached their culmination during the ministry of Richelieu (1624-42), when Leclerc du Trem- blay was commandant. In the reign of Louis XI. cages of iron had been constructed, and the vaults beneath the towers, being on a level with the water in the moat, were especially dreaded. From the beginning of the revolu- tion the Bastille was an especial mark for the vindictive- ne of the populace. On July 14, 1789, it was attacked by a mob which, after several unsucce ful attempts, forced it to surrender. De Launey, the commandant, was disarmed and conducted toward the Hôtel de Ville; at the Place de Grève he was killed and his head mounted on a pike. After the first anniversary of the fall of the Bastille (July 14, 1790) the old building was razed. See Place de la Bas- tille . Baston (bas'ton), Robert. An English poet, born near Nottingham toward the end of the 13th century. He was a Carmelite monk, and prior of the abbey of Scar borough. He [Baston] is said to have been taken to Scotland by King Edward II. to celebrate the English triumphs, but he was captured by the Scotch, and they required of him as ransom a panegyric upon Robert Bruce. His "Metra de Illustri Bello de Bannock burn" were appended by Hearne to his edition of For doun's "Scot i chronic on." Bastuli (bas-tūʻli). An ancient people in south- ern Spain, identified by Strabo with the Bas- tetani. Basutoland (bä-sö'tō-land). A native colony in South Africa, capital Maseru, under the di- rect administration of the British imperial gov- ernment. It is bounded by the Orange River Colony on the west and north, Natal on the east, and Cape Colony on the south. Its surface is mountainous, and it is trav- ersed by the Orange River. Its inhabitants are Basutos (allied to the Kafirs). It is governed by a British resident commi ioner and the high commi ioner for South Africa. In 1868 it was taken under British protection; was an- nexed to Cape Colony in 1871; was at war with the Brit- ish 1880-82; and was taken under direct British control in 1884. Area, 10,293 square miles. Population (1891), 218, 902. Bastwick (bast'wik), John. Born at Writtle, in E ex, 1593: died 1654. An English phys i- cian and Protestant theological controversialist. He was imprisoned and fined by the Star Chamber in 1634 on account of his "Flagellum Pontific is," and in 1637 for opens the Founder's Chapel, with a rich octagonal lantern and the royal tombs. The unfinished chapel of Dom Man- uel, behind the choir, is ma ive in design and marked by exuberance of surface-ornament. The same style charac- terizes the cloister, the intricate tracery of whose arches is unparalleled elsewhere. Population, about 3,000. Batan-el-Hajar. See Batn - el - Hajar . Batang (ba-tang'). A small island in the Strait of Singapore, south of Singapore. Batanga (bä-täng gä). A region on the west- ern coast of Africa, bordering on the Bight of Biafra. It is partly under German and partly under French control. Batangas (bä-tän gäs). A seaport in the south- ern part of Luzon, Philippines. Population (1887), 35,587. the Philippines. Batava Castra (ba-tā'vä kas'trä). [L.: so named because it was the station (camp) of the ninth Batavian cohort.] A Roman fort on the site of the modern Pa au. Batavi (ba-tā'vi). A German tribe, a branch of the Chatti. They inhabited the Insula Batavorum in Roman times, were subjugated, probably by Drusus, and became the allies of the Romans (serving in the Roman armies, especially as cavalry). Later they took part in the rising under their own countryman, Civil is. They were ultimately merged in the Salic Franks. Batavia (ba-ta'vi-ä). Originally, the island of the Batavi (Insula Batavorum), then the entire region inhabited by the Batavi; later, Holland, and then the kingdom of the Netherlands. Batavia. A seaport and the capital of the Dutch East Indies, situated on the northern coast of Java in lat. 6o 8′ S., long. 106° 49′ Ε.: the chief commercial city in the East Indies. It comprises the old city, long notorious for its unhealthfulne , and the suburbs (Weltevreden, the seat of gove ment, etc.). It exports coffee, sugar, spice, and other East Indian products. It was settled in the beginning of the 17th century, and was held by the British from 1811 to 1814. Population (1891), old and new city, 104,590. Batavia. A city in Kane County, Illinois, situated on Fox River 32 miles west of Chicago. Population (1900), 3,871. Batavia. A town in western New York, situated on To naw and a Creek 36 miles east of Buffalo. Population (1900), village, 9,180. Batavian Republic. A republic formed by France out of the Netherlands in 1795. It existed until 1806. Batavorum Insula (bat-a-võ'rum in'sū-la). [L., Island of the Bat avians.'] In the time of Tacitus, a name given to an island in the Low Countries, formed by the Rhine, Waal, and Meuse. Batbie (bä-bē'), Anselme Polycarpe. Born at Sei an, France, May 31, 1828: died at Paris, June 30, 1887. A French politician and legal and economical writer. He became profe or of administrative law in the University of Paris in 1862, and senator for the department of Gers in 1871, voting with the Right Center. Author of "Doctrine et jurisprudence en mat ière d'appel com me abus" (1852), "Précis du cours de droit public et admin is trat if" (4th ed. 1876), and "Nouveau cours d'économie politique" (1864-65). Batchelor's Banquet, The. A pamphlet by Dekker, first published in 1603, and four or five times reprinted. It is based on an old French satire of the 15th century, "Les Quinze Joyes de Mariage," but is so treated as to be almost an original work.