VICTORIA

(1819-1901); Queen of Great Britain and. Trad, eee of India; dau. of Duke of Kent and niece of William IV.; succeeded (1837); m. her cousin Albert, youngest s. of Duke of Saxe-Coburg (1840), their children being (1) Victoria (1840-1901), became Empre Frederick of Germany; (2) Albert Edward (1841-1910); (3) Alice of He e; (4) Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1844+ 1900); (5) Helena (1846), became Prince Christian; (6) Louise (1848), became Duche of Argyll; (7) Arthur, Duke of Con naught (1850); (8) Leopold, Duke of Albany (1853-84); (9) Be at rice (1857), became Prince Henry of Batten berg. Queen Victoria had been prudently educated, and during her long reign showed herself strictly impartial in party politics, while clearly recognizing that the crown was the central tie which bound the empire together. In 1861 the Prince Consort | re died; this event had a marked influence on her life, and thenceforth she lived more privately, although never neglecting the duties incumbent upon her. In 1876 she a umed the title of Empre of India; her jubilee was celebrated in 1887, and her diamond jubilee in 1897. Her wisdom, Imowledge of foreign were all remarkable traits of her long reign, the chief events of which were: granting popular constitution to Canada, outbreak of Chartist movement, Afghan War, Sikh War, and annexation of Punjab to Brit. India, adoption of penny post, institution of the Education Department, Irish Municipal Bill the Tractarian movement in England, the Disruption in Scotland, repeal of Corn Laws, Crime an War, Indian Mutiny, disestablishment of Irish Church, abolition of religious tests at Oxford and Cambridge Universities, abolition of army purchase, Ballot and Judicature Acts pa ed, Berlin. Conference, Zulu War, autonomy of Boer republics, suzerainty in Egypt, Home Rule agitations in Ireland, Franchise Bill, 8. African War, Australian Commonwealth Bill, joint invasion of China by chief Western powers (Great Britain, U.S., Germany, Ru ia, and France).