TESTS

A TABLE OF TESTS Abderhalden’s t. See Abderhalden’s reaction, under reaction. Abram’s t. (for lead in the urine): Add ammonium oxalate to urine (1: 150) and introduce metallic magnesium (wire or rod) is precipitated on the magnesium, and can be identified by warming with a fragment of iodin (yellow lead iodid), or di olving in nitric acid and applying other reagents. acetic acid t. (for albumin in urine): A few drops of acetic acid are added to the boiled urine, when a white precipitate is formed. acetone t.: A test for the presence of acetone in the urine made by adding a few drops of sodium nitropru id, shaking, and pouring over the mixture stronger ammonia-water: a magenta-colored tine is formed over the area of contact if acetone is present. See Baver's ¢., Braun's t., Chautard’s t., Gerhardt's t., Lange's t., Legal’s t., Lieben’s t., Malerba's t., Nobel's t.; Pensoldt's t., Rabfe’s t., Reynold’s t., ace to nitril t. (for hyperthyroidism): The blood of such patients increases the resistance of mice to poisoning by ace to nitril and morphin. Achard and Castaigne’st. See methylene-blue t. Acree-Rosenheim t. (for proteins): A few drops of formaldehyd solution (1: 5000) are placed in a solution of the suspected matter. A little concentrated sulphuric acid is slowly placed in the test-tube so that the solutions do not mix. At the line of contact a violet color appears if proteins are present. Adamkiewicz’s t. (for proteins): Add the substance to a mixture of 1 volume of strong sulphuric acid and 2 volumes of glacial acetic acid and heat it. A reddish-violet color shows the presence of proteins. Adler’s benzidin t. See benzidin t. agglutination t.: A test based on the fact that specific agglutinins are formed in the blood-serum of infected individuals, which will produce agglutination of the specific bacteria of the infection. Cf. Widal's test, under test, and serum-diagnosts, under diagnosis. Agostini’s t. (for glucose): Mix ς drops of the urine with 5 drops of a c.s per cent. solution of gold chlorid and 3 drops of a 20 per cent. solution of pota a, and warm the mixture; glucose will give a red tint. Albarran’s t. (for renal inadequacy): A test for the renal function based upon the principle that the greater the destruction of epithelium in the kidney, the le likely is that organ to respond by an in- crease in secretion after the administration οἵ᾽ quantities of water. Called also polyuria test. albumin t. See acetic acid t., Almén’s t., Alper’s t., Axenfeld’s t., Barral’s t., Blum’s t., Boedeker’s t., Carrez’s t., Cohen’s t., FPiirbringer'’s t., Get ler's 1, Heller's t., Heynsius’ t., Hindenlang’s t., Ilimow’s t., Johnson's t., Mac Williams’ t., Méhu’s t., Aillard’s t., Millon's ¢., Oliver's t., Parnum’s t., Pavy's (., Pollacci’s t., Raabe's t., Rees’ t., Reoch’s t., Riegler’s t., Roberts’ t., Spiegler's t., Tanret’s t., Zouchlos’ t. Alfraise’s t. (for iodin): A reagent consisting of 1 drop of hydrochloric acid in roo parts of water, 1 of starch, and 1 of pota ium nitrate. This is boiled, and τ drop of the reagent is added to the liquid that is being tested, when a blue color will be produced if iodin be present. alkaloid t. See Arnold's t., Bouchardat’s 1. Allen’s t.: 1. (For glucose in the urine.) Made by adding urine to boiling Fehling’s solution, and allowing it to cool, when turbidity will be seen if glucose be present. 2. (For phenol.) To 2 drops of the suspected liquid add 5 drops of hydrochloric acid and 1 of nitric acid. Phenol, if present, will produce a cherry-red color. 3. (For strychnin.) Extract with ether, concentrate by letting fall drops into a warmed porcelain capsule, cool the residue, and treat with sulphuric acid and manganese peroxid. Strychnin gives a violet color. Allesandri-Guaceni’s t. (for nitric acid; nitrates): Di olve a few drops of phenol in hydrochloric acid by heating twelve hours on a water-bath. Heat ro drops of the reagent with the dry residue of suspected liquid on the water-bath. Nitric acid or nitrates give an intense violet color, changed by ammonia to green. Almén’s t.: 1. (For albumin in urine) One rt of a reagent consisting of a 2 per cent. soution of tannin in dilute alcohol is added to 6 parts of the urine: a cloudine is produced when albumin is present. 2. (For blood or blood-pigment.) Shake the suspected liquid with a mixture of equal parts of tincture of guaiacum and oil of turpentine: blood-pigment, if present, will turn the mixture blue. 3. (For glucose.) Heat the liquid with bismuth sub nitrate di olved in caustic soda and Rochelle salt: glucose will cause the mixture to become dark brown or nearly black, and to deposit a black precipitate. aloin t. See Ro el’s aloin t. Alper’s t. (for albumin in the urine): Acidulate the urine with hydrochloric acid, and add equal volumes of a 1 per cent. mercury succinimid solution: a white cloudine forms. Amann’s t. (for indican in urine): To 20 c.c. of urine are added a few drops of pure sulphuric acid, sc.c. of chloroform, and then 5 c.c. of a ro per cent. solution of sodium pyrosulphate. They are mixed gently for several minutes. The chloroform is then allowed to settle and will be colored blue by the indigo. Anderson’s t. (lo distinguish pyridin chloroplatinate from quinolin chloroplatinate): Boil the salt in water; the pyridin salt becomes an insoluble double salt, and gives off hydrogen chlorid; but the pyridin salt remains in solution. André’s t. (for quinin): Chlorin and ammonia produce a green color, changing to blue on saturation with acid. Exce of acid changes the color to violet or bright red, but ammonia again turns it green.. Andreasch’s t. (for cystein): Di olve the substance in hydrochloric acid, and add a few drops of a dilute solution of ferric chlorid and a little ammonia. Cystein causes the liquid to a ume a dark purplish tint. Anstie’s t. (for alcohol in the urine): A reagent consisting of a solution of pota ium dichromate, 1, in concentrated sulphuric acid, 300, is added by drops. An emerald-green color signifies the presence of alcohol in toxic quantity. antipyrin. See Fieux’s t. anti trypsin t.: A test based on the power of the blood-serum to inhibit the action of trypsin. The anti tryptic power of the blood-serum is increased in carcinoma, nephritis, pregnancy, etc. Archetti’s t. (for caffein): Heat a Solution of pota ioferric cyanid with half its volume of nitric acid to boiling, then dilute with water. The reagent gives a precipitate of Pru ian blue with caffein (uric acid does also). Arnold’s t.: 1. (For ace to-acetic acid in urine.) a. Di olve 1 gm. of para-amido-ace top he none in 80 to 100 c.c. water by shaking and adding hydrochloric acid by drops, then add more concentrated acid until the solution is colorle . 6. Di olve 1 gm. sodium nitrite in 100 c.c. distilled water. Just before using mix 2 parts a with 1 part 5, add an equal volume of urine, and 2 or 3 drops concentrated ammonia water: an intense brownish-red color develops. Now add 1 volume of this 976