University of Göttingen

His life, in part, the result of his own indiscretions, was unhappy and at times even miserable. He was the author of numerous ballads, songs, and sonnets. Foremost among his poems is the ballad "Lenore," which originally appeared in the Göttingen "Musenalmanach" (1774). He also wrote the ballads "Das Lied vom braven Mann" ("The Song of the Brave Man," 1776), "Der Kaiser und der Abt" ("The Emperor and the Abbot," 1785), "Der wilde Jäger" ("The Wild Huntsman," 1786). He was the most important poet of the so called Göttinger Dichterbund, or "poetical brotherhood." His collected works, "Sammtliche Schriften," appeared in 4 volumes (Göttingen, 1796-98). Burge (ber'jes), Edward. Born at West Sandwich, Ma ., June 30, 1848: died at Boston, Ma ., July 12, 1891. A noted American designer of yachts. He established himself as a naval architect and yacht-broker in Boston in 1883, and was the designer of the sloop Puritan which defeated the English cutter Genesta in the races for the America's cup in 1885, of the Mayflower which defeated the English Galatea in 1886, and of the Volunteer which defeated the English Thistle in 1887. Burge , Thomas. Born at Odiham, Hampshire, England, Nov. 18, 1756: died at Salisbury, England, Feb. 19, 1837. An English clergyman, bishop of St. David's and later of Salisbury. He wrote "Considerations on the Abolition of Slavery" (1789), etc. Burgh (börg or berg), Hubert de. Died at Banstead, Surrey, England, May 12, 1243. An English statesman. He was appointed chamberlain to the king about 1201, in which year he was placed at the head of a body of knights to guard the Welsh march. On the authority of Ralph of Coggeshall, who has been followed by Shakspere (King John, iv. 1, 2.), he was castellan of Falaise when Arthur of Britt any was captured at Mirabel in 1202, Burgh (bur'o), James. Born at Madderty, Perth shire, Scotland, 1714: died Aug. 26, 1775. A Scottish miscellaneous writer. He wrote IMG:content-0239.png:[blocks in formation] kingdom of Burgundy in the 5th century.-2. Burgundy, Duche of. See Mary . A native or an inhabitant of Burgundy, succes- Burgundy, Dukes of. See Charles the Bold, sively a kingdom and a duchy of western John the Fearle , Philip the Bold, Philip the Europe, varying greatly in extent, part of which Good , etc. finally became the province of Burgundy in eastern France. See Burgundy. Burgundian Dynasty (1095-1383). A reigning house of Portugal which referred its origin to Henri, grandson of Robert, first duke of Bur- gundy. Henri was appointed count of Portugal by Al- phon so VI., king of Leon, Castile, and Galicia, in 1094, and was in 1112 succeeded by his son, Affonso I., who erected Portugal into an independent kingdom in 1139. The le- gitimate line of the house of Burgundy became extinct in 1383 with the death of Ferdinand I., and was succeeded in 1385 by an illegitimate branch, the house of Avis. An il- legitimate branch of the latter house, the house of Bra- ganza, acceded to the throne in 1640, and was followed in 1853 by the present reigning house, the house of Braganza- Coburg. The sovereigns of the house of Burgundy were: Henri of Burgundy, 1094-1112; Affonso I., 1112-85; Sancho I.,1185-1211; Affonso II., 1211-23; Sancho II., 1223-48; Affon so III., 1248-79; Diniz, 1279-1325; Affonso IV., 1325-57; Pe- dro, 1357-67; Ferdinand I., 1367-83. Burgundy (ber'gun-di). [F. Bourgogne , It. Bor- gogna , Sp. Borgoña , G. Burgund , ML. Burgun- dia , from LL. Burgundii , also Burg und i ones , a Germanic tribe. See Burgundian .] A geo- graphical division in western Europe, whose limits and character have varied greatly. For the principal significations of the name, see the extract. I. The kingdom of Burgundy (regnum Burgundionum), founded A. D. 406, occupying the whole valley of the Saône and lower Rhone from Dijon to the Mediterranean, and including also the western half of Switzerland. It was destroyed by the sons of Clovis in A. D. 534. IV. The kingdom of Trans-Jurane Burgundy (regnum Iurense, Burgundia Transiurensis), founded by Rudolf in A. D. 888, recognized in the same year by the emperor Arnulf, included the northern part of Savoy, and all Swit- Charles inherited from his grandmother Mary, daughter of Charles the Bold. James Bryce, Holy Rom. Emp. Appendix, p. 447. X. The Duchy of Burgundy (lower Burgundy), a great French fief held by various Car loving i an and Capetian princes, and ceded by John the Good to his son, Philip the Bold. Its capital was Dijon. Flanders and the County of Burgundy were united to it in 1384. It was ruled Philip the Bold 1363-1404; by John the Fearle 1404- 1419; by Philip the Good 1419-67; and by Charles the Bold 1467-77. Under the two latter it was greatly extended in Belgium and eastern and central France, and became one of the most powerful monarchies of Europe. On the death of Charles the Bold (1477) the duchy proper pa ed (1479) to France. The other po e ions-Franche-Comté and Low Countries - pa ed by the marriage of Mary (daughter and succe or of Charles the Bold) to the house of Hapsburg. Maximilian , Charles the Bold .) The Duchy of Burgundy proper became a province and great government of France. It lay between Champagne on the north, Franche-Comté and Savoy on the east, Dauphiné and Lyonnais on the south, and Bourbonnais, Nivernais, and Orléanais on the west, and corresponded to the de- partments Côte-d'Or, Saône-et-Loire, Ain, and a part of Yonne. The region is famous for its wines. IMG:content-0240.png:[blocks in formation] sophical treatises and commentaries on the cla ics, most of which have remained in manuscript. His printed works include "De vita et moribus philosophorum" (prob- ably published at Cologne in 1467), and "Tract at us de materia et form a" (Oxford, 1500). Burling a me (ber'ling-gām), Anson. Born at New Berlin, N. Y., Nov. 14, 1820: died at St. Petersburg, Feb. 23, 1870. An American diplomatist and politician. He was representative to Congre from Ma achusetts 1855-61; amba ador to China 1861-67; and negotiated, as special amba ador from China, treaties with the United States, England, Denmark, Sweden, Holland, and Pru ia. Burlington (ber'ling-ton). See Bridling ton . Burlington. A city (capital of Des Moines County, Iowa) situated on the Mi i ippi River, in lat. 40° 48′ N., long. 91° 10' W. It is an im- portant railway center, and has large and varied manufactures. Population (1890), 22,565. school. From 1857 to 1858 he was a ociated with Ro etti, Morris, and others in painting the Arthur i an legends at Oxford. In 1861 he was one of the originators of the house of Morris and Company, and he made many designs for decorative work. He was an a ociate of the Royal Acad- emy 1885-93. In 1894 he was made a baronet. Burnes (bérnz), Sir Alexander. Born at Montrose, Scotland, May 16, 1805: killed at Kabul, Afghanistan, Nov. 2, 1841. A British geographer, and traveler in central Asia. Burnet (ber'net), Gilbert. Born at Edin- burgh, Sept. 18, 1643: died at London, March 17, 1715. A British prelate, historian, and theologian. He accompanied William III. from Hol- bishop of Salisbury in 1689. His chief works are a "His- land to England in 1688 as his chaplain, and was made tory of the Reformation of the Church of England" (1679, 1681, 1715), "A History of his own Time" (edited by his son, 1723, 1734), "Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles" (1699). Burnet, Thomas. Born at Croft, Yorkshire, England, about 1635: died at London, Sept. 27, 1715. An English author. He became fellow of Christ's College in 1657, and master of the Charter- house in 1685. He is noted chiefly as the author of "Tel- lur is The or i a Sacra," etc. (1681), remarkable for its vivid imagery and pure Latinity, in which he attempts to prove that the earth originally resembled an egg, that at the deluge the shell was crushed and the waters rushed out, and that the equator was diverted from its original coin- cidence with the ecliptic. Dict. Nat. Biog. Burnett (bér-net'), Mrs. (Frances Hodgson). Born at Manchester, England, Nov. 24, 1849. An English-American novelist. She has written "That La o' Lowrie's" (1876), "Haworth's" (1878), "Louisiana" (1880), "A Fair Barbarian" (1881), "Through (1886), "The One I knew best of All" (1893), etc. One Administration" (1882), "Little Lord Fauntleroy" or Nov., 1714: died at Edinburgh, May 26, 1799. A Scottish judge. He became sheriff of Kincardine- shire in 1764, and in 1767 became an ordinary lord of ses- sion, on which occasion he a umed the title of Lord Monboddo. Author of "Of the Origin and Progre of 1799). Language" (1773-92), and "Ancient Metaphysics" (1779- Burnett Prizes. Prizes awarded every forty years, in accordance with the will of Mr. Bur- nett, a Scottish gentleman (1729-84), for the best e ays on the Christian evidences. Lec- tureships now take the place of the e ays. Burney (ber'ni), Charles. Born at Shrews- bury, England, April 7, 1726: died at Chelsea, near London, April 12, 1814. An English com- poser and historian of music. He was the father of Madame d'Arblay. He wrote a "History of Music" (1776-89), etc. Burney, Charles. Born at Lynn, Norfolk, England, Dec. 4, 1757: died at Deptford, Dec. 28, 1817. An English cla ical scholar, son of Charles Burney. He is noted chiefly as the collector of the Burney Library, which was purchased by Parlia- ment for £13,500 and deposited in the British Museum. Burney, Frances. See Arblay , Madame d ' . Burney, James. Born 1750: died Nov. 17, 1821. An English naval officer and author. He entered the navy in 1764, attained the rank of captain, and served in America and India. He was with Cook on his third voyage, 1776-79. After 1784 he retired on half pay and devoted himself to literature. His principal works are "A Chronological History of the Discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean" (5 vols. 4to, 1803-17), "History of the Buccaneers of America" (1816), and "A Chronological History of North Eastern Voyages of Dis- covery" (1816). Burnley (bern'lē). A manufacturing town in Lancashire, England, situated on the river Burn 21 miles north of Manchester. Popula- tion (1891), 87,058. Burnouf (bür-nöf'), Émile Louis. Born at Valognes, Manche, France, Aug. 25, 1821. A noted French philologist, distinguished as an archæologist and Orientalist. He was collaborator with Leupol on a Sanskrit-French dictionary (1863-65). IMG:content-0241.png:[blocks in formation] died Paris, May 28, 1852. French Orientalist, son of Jean Louis Burnouf, cele- brated for researches in the Zend language. His chief works are "Comment a ire sur le Yaçna" (1835), "Introduction à l'his to ire du Bouddhisme indien" (1845), "Le lotus de la bonne loi, traduit du Sanscrit" (1852). Burnouf, Jean Louis. Born at Urville, Manche, France, Sept. 14, 1775: died at Paris, May 8, 1844. A noted French philologist. He wrote "Méthode pour étudier la langue grecque" (1814), "Mé- thode pour étudier la langue latine" (1840), translation of Tacitus (1827-33), etc. Burns (bėrnz), Robert. Born at Alloway, near Ayr, Scotland, Jan. 25, 1759: died at Dumfries, Scotland, July 21, 1796. A famous Scottish lyric poet. He was the eldest son of William Burne or Burnes, a nurseryman, whose ancestors had long been farmers in Kin car dines hire, and Agnes, the daughter of a Carrick farmer. He received a meager education, and in 1783, in conjunction with his brother Gilbert, rented a farm at Mo giel, whither he removed in the following Burow (bö'rō), Julie. Born at Kydullen, Prus- sia, Feb. 24, 1806: died at Bromberg, Pru ia, Feb. 19, 1868. A German novelist. She wrote "Aus dem Leben eines Glücklichen" (1852), "Johann Kep- ler" (1857-65), etc. Burr (ber), Aaron. Born at Fairfield, Conn., Jan. 4, 1716: died Sept. 24, 1757. An American clergyman, president of the College of New Jersey 1748-57. Burroughs, William. Born near Philade Oct. 6, 1785: died near Portland, Maine, Sept. 5,1813. An American naval officer. mand of the Enterprise he captured the British brig Boxer, near Portland, Maine, Sept. 5, 1813. Both com- manders fell in the action. Burslem (bers'lem). A town in Staff ords hire, England, 17 miles north of Stafford. It is the chief town of the potteries district, and contains the Wedgwood Institute. Population (1891), 30,862. Burton (ber'ton), John Hill. Born at Aber- deen, Scotland, Aug. 22, 1809: died at Morton House, use, near Edinburgh, Aug. 9, 1881. A Scot- tish historian and jurist. His chief works are "A History of Scotland from Agricola's Invasion to the Re- bellion of 1745" (1853-70), "A History of the Reign of Queen Anne" (1880). Burton, Sir Richard Francis After serving in the East Indian army he went in 1853 to Mecca. His "First Footsteps in Eastern Africa" (1856) were in 1854, when he accompanied Speke to Harrar. In 1858 he was again in East Africa with Speke, and discovered Lake Tanganyika, while Speke discovered Lake Victoria. In 1861 he was in West Africa as British con sul at Fernando Po; ascended the peak of Kamerun; and spent three months at the court of Dahomey. To the end of his life he continued in the consular service: at Santos, Brazil (1864); at Damascus (1868-72); at Triest, where he died (1872-90). Of the more than thirty vol. umes published by him, the principal are "Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El Medinah and Meccah" (1855), "Graf Bismarck und seine Leute" (1878), etc. Bute, Marquis of at Dresden, Feb. 13, 1821: died Nov. 25, 1895. Bu ang (bü-son'). A town in the department A German journalist and man of letters. He was of Vosges, France, 27 miles southeast of Épinal. employed by Bismarck in the department of state. His It is noted for its mineral springs. works include "Schleswig-Holstein is che Briefe" (1854), Büsching (büsh'ing), Anton Fried rich. Born at Stadthagen, in Schaumburg-Lippe, Germany, Sept. 27, 1724: died at Berlin, May 28, 1793. A noted German geographer. His chief work is "Erdbeschreibung" (1754-92, "Description of the Globe": translated in part into English, 1762). the King of Dahomey" (1864), "Explorations of the Highlands of Brazil," etc. (1868), "Gold Mines of Midian" (1878), and a literal version of the "Arabian Nights." Burton, Robert. Born at Lindley, Leicestershire, Feb. 8, 1577: died at Oxford (?), Jan. 25, 1640. A noted English writer. He entered the University of Oxford in 1593, was elected student of Christ Church in 1599, and became rector of Segrave, Leicestershire, in 1628. He was the author of the famous "Anatomy of Melancholy" (which see). Burton, William Evans. Born at London, Sept. 24, 1804: died at New York, Feb. 10, 1860. An English comedian, theatrical manager, and writer. He came to America in 1834, and made his first profe ional appearance in September of that year at the Arch Street Theater, Philadelphia, in which city he lived fourteen years. In 1837 he started "The Gentleman's Magazine. In 1848 he came to New York. With others he organized the American Shakspe rian Club in 1852. Burton Junior. A pseudonym once used by Charles Lamb in the "Reflector," in an article entitled "On the Melancholy of Tailors." Burton-on-Trent (ber'ton-on-trent'). [ME. Burton, Burton up o Trent , AS. Byrtūn .] A town in Staff ords hire, England, situated on the Trent 11 miles southwest of Derby. It is noted for the brewing of pale ale, stout, etc., in the establishments of Ba and Allsopp. Population (1891), 46,047. Burtscheid (bört's hid). [L. Porcetum , F. Borcette.] A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, 14 miles southeast of Aix-la-Chapelle. It is noted for the manufacture of cloth and needles, and for its mineral springs. It has also an old Benedictine monastery. Population (1890), commune, 13,388.