THE BACILLUS SUBTIL IS

[B, 246.] 30. A, ciliated rods; B, fibrils of long rods; C, fibrils of articulated long and short rods and cocci; D, a fibril 3” the roils of which show the formation of spores; Æ, spores surrounde b. [Perty], Bacterium subtile [Zopf]. A B. found in the air, in dust, in vegetable infusions, especially an infusion of hay, as a white effiorescence on the dung of herbivora, and in many other situations. It forms rods of varying length and three times longer than broad, furnished with a flagellum at each end. The rods grow very repair and are usually united into straight or bent pseudo filaments, which exhibit an active serpentine movement. In liquids rich in nutritive eonstituents the rods increase by division, in poorer nutritive liquids they reproduce by the endogenous formation of terminal or medial, ovoid, shining spores, 1:2 x long and 0°64 broad, with their long axis coincident with that of the B. The spores, on being set free by the di olution of the parent-rod, germinate by a lateral protrusion through the spore-membrane of the spore-contents, which grow in a direction perpendicular to that of the axis of the spore and form new rods. e B. subtil is liquefies gelatin and forms on gelatin-plates small light-colored colonies which have a dark centre surrounded by a bright zone with stellate radiating Wap jections (star-fish form). ‘On agar-agar it forms a thick, wrinkled, readily separable coating, and on potatoes a moist, granular, whit: ish layer. The B. subtil is resembles strongly in morphological characters the B. anthracis, differing from it chiefly in that its rods are motile, somewhat slenderer, and have rounded ends, and its spores germinate transversely and not in an axial direction. The cultures are also of different character. Buchner believed that by cultivation the B. anthracis can be converted into the B. subtil is; but this view is not now generally accepted. The B. subtil is has no pathogenetic properties. It peptonizes albumin and gelatin, and, according to Cohn and Fitz, gives rize to the butyric-acid fermentation of carbohydrates and to the fermentation by which glycerin is transformed into ethyl alcohol. These fermentations are now, however, generally believed to be due to other Bacilli, and the ferment-B. which Fitz identifies with the true B. subtil is is regarded as a dis by the rods embrane; F, before germination; b, c, d, in various stages of germination); G, a fragment of z00glæa pellicle (af: | tinct species (B. fitzianus). [B, 30. 237, 238; A. Fitz, “ Ber. d. dtsch. chem. Gsllsch.,” 17 (1884), p. 1188 (B).]—B. suis [Detmers]. Syn.: Micrococcus suis [Burril]. A species found in all the fluids of pigs affected with hog-cholera. It occurs as globular or oval micrococci, 07 to 0'8 à in diameter, which develop into Bacillé, and sub- Cr into filamentous forms, 30 to 175 w in length. These divide, producing sporiferous rods. The Bacilli are sometimes motile, sometimes non-motile, and occur in agglutinated viscous clusters. According to Burril, the filamentous form is rare, and the Micrococci occur usually single or in pairs, [H. E. Detmers, “Rept. Dept. Agric.,” 1878, p. 331 (B); Burril, “ Am. Nat.,” xvii, 1883, p. 319 (B, 78).]-B. syucyanus. See B. cyanogen us.—B. synxanthus. See BACTERIUM syncanthum.—B. syph i lid is, 18, syphilis (Lustgarten]. Fr., bacille de la syphilis. Ger., Syphilis bacillus, Luesbaciltus. It, bacitio dell a sifilide. A B. discovered by Lustgarten in syphilitic new formations, occurring as slightly arcuate or S-shaped rods, 3 to 7 x long and 0°1 » thick, often with wavy outline and capitate swelling at the extremities, and containing from 2 to 4 bright, oval, shining corpuscles, which are probably spores. The Bacilli are found singly or in groups of 2 to $, in swollen lymphoid cells of twice the size of leucocytes. They have not yet been succe fully cultivated in nutrient media, but exhibit toward coloring matters a peculiar reaction, which is believed to he due to an encasement of fat, acquired as a result of the natural habitat of the Bacil Although closely allied to, if not identical with, the B. occasionally found in the normal genital secretions (see B. of the smegma), the B. of Lustgarten is regarded as the probable cause of syphilitic infection. Aufrecht and Bireh-Hirschfeld discovered a. in syphilis which, according to Di e and Taguchi, is identical with one which they have since found in the blood. These results, however, are doubtful. Eve and Lingard also found a sporiferous B. consisting of long and short rods, the former made up of segments of differing constitution, This B., which differs from that of Lustgarten, was capable of cultivation on blood-serum, coagulat a and agar-agar. See also MrcRococcr of sypli f, 122, 238, 256; M. Bender, “ Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,”, 1887, Nos. 11 and 12 (B).|—Bacilli tannico-opiati. Pastilles or bougies containing, each, tannic acid 4 grammes, opium 25 cent i prier and glycerin a sufficiency. [B, 270.]—B. tetani [Nicoier], B. tetani traumatic i [Rosenbach]. Ger., Tetanus bacillus. À B. found in animals dead of tetanus induced by the inoculation of ‘den-earth, as well as in the ti ues of a man dying rom traumatic tetanus. and in those of animals inoculated with materials from such ti ues; said to secrete the toxic ptomaine tetanine, or tet a no toxine {Briegerl. It occurs as slender rods, slightly longer han those of the B. murisepticus, sometimes united into pseudo-filaments, but usually agglomerated in irregular ma es, They develop oval, shining spores in the distended extremity of the rod, the remain i ng, portion of the rod dwindling to one third or one fourth the diameter of the spore. The B. tetani is decided!; anaerobic, and grows well in blood-serum when well protected from the air. It is probably the cause of à variety of tetanus in man and animals. [B, 238; Rosenbach, “Arch, f, klin, Chirurg.,” xxxiv, p. 306; “ Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u, Parasitenk.,” i, 1887, No. 19, p. 570 (B): “Dtsch. med. Wehnschr.,” No, 14, 1887, p. 288 (B).]—B. tremulus [Koch]. Syn.: Metallacter tremulus [Trevis an]. A species found on decomposing plant-infusions, upon which it forms a thick gelatinous pellicle. It resembles closely the B. subtil is, but is shorter and more slender. It has a flagellum at either end, and exhibits a peculiar tremulous rotary movement. The spores have a diameter greater than that of the rod in which they are generated and from which they usually project_as lateral offshoots. JB 28.) — BB. tuberculi, B. tuberculosis [Koch], Fr., bacille (tuberculeux) de la. Ger., Tuberkelbacillus, B. der Tubercu- It, bacillo tuber col are (o dell a tuberculosi). Sp., bacilo de la tuberculosi, Syn.: Bacterium tuberculosis [Zopfi (seu tuberculosum). A B., discovered by Koch, found in the pathologically altered ti ues of patients affected with local or general tuberculosis. It is also found in the excretory fluids which have been in contact with tuberculous ti ue (the sputum in pulmonary tuberculosis, the urine in tuberculosis of the genito-urinary tract), and also in the tuberculosis (Perlsucht) of cattle, It forms non-motile, very slender, slightly curved or bent rods, 0°2 u thick and 15 to35@ long, often containing from 2 to 6 oval spores which frequently roject laterally beyond the outline of the rod. It occurs pingly r ID agglomerated rha es in the interlor of cells found in tubercles and is transported from one part of the body to another by the migration of such cells. It is distinguished from other micro-organisms by the ease with which it is stained by aniline coloring matters if rendered alkaline, and by the tenacity with which it withstands discoloration. It grows slowly and difficultly in nutritive fluids, forming on blood-serum characteristic colonies made up of an agglomeration of delicate curved and S-shaped lines, Inoculations with this B., or with its cultivations, produce cheesy degeneration and infection extending to the lymphatic glands, producing general tuberculosis. Inhalations from the cultivations have a similar effect. The B. tuberculosis is hence regarded as the cause of tuberculosis in man and animals. According to recent researches by Duguet and Héricourt (as yet unconfirmed), this B. is only a devel or me] form of the Micros por on furfur, which, these authors allege, is found constantly either with or without the B. tuberculosis in tuberculous organs. Cultivations from such organs, as well as from tuberculous sputum, and from the Micros por on furfur itself, developed two organisms: an anaerobic found at the bottom of the cultivation-tubes. and an aerobic (the ordinary B. tuberculosis) upon the surface of the nutrient liquid. The spores of the latter fall to the bottom of the tube and develop into the spores and mycelium los us. spores (a, Virefeld. of the Micros por on furfur. This statement is probably based upon erroneous observation. [B, 122,238; Henri and Héricourt, “ Compt.