pneuma (numa)

[NL., a joint. An er pneuma thorax (nū-ma-thō'raks), n. roneo us form of pneumothorax. pneumatic (nū-matʼik), a. and n. [= F. pneu matique = Sp. pneumático = Pg. It. pneumatico, 2. Consisting of or resembling air; having the properties of an elastic fluid; gaseous. The pneumatic substance being in some bodies the native spirit of the body. Bacon . 3. Moved or played by means of air: as, a pneumatic instrument of music.-4. In zoöl.: ( a ) Filled with air; fitted to receive or contain air; pneumatized, as the air-cells or the bones of birds. (b) Of or pertaining to the respiratory system of any animal. - Pneumatic action, in or gan - building, an action in which the keys, stop-knobs, or pedals merely make connections whereby the desired motions may be pneumatically effected. The pneumatic principle involved is either that of a small bellows which is inflated or emptied by the key or coupler, or that of a tube with pistons or valves at the ends which work sym pathetically. Pneumatic bellows, coupler, etc. See pneumatic action, above. - Pneumatic cabinet, in med., an air-tight cabinet in which a patient is placed, so that the atmospheric pre ure on the surface of the body may be increased or diminished. - Pneumatic cai on. See cai on, 3 (c). - Pneumatic car, clock, conductor, drill. See the nouns. - Pneumatic despatch, the transmi ion of articles from one point to another by air-pre ure through a tube specially prepared for the purpose. Practically this is limited to the sending of small articles, as letters, telegraphic despatches, etc., for short distances, as between different stations in a large city. They are inclosed in a suitable box, which is propelled by compre ed air through a tube from 2 to 3 inches in diameter; the return takes place by the atmospheric pre ure, the air in the tube being exhausted at the first station. - Pneumatic despatch tube, a tube traversed by a car or carrier which receives and delivers letters or parcels at stations along a route. Motion is caused by pre ure of air, which is either forced into the tube from behind the car or exhausted in front of it, or both simultaneously. Special devices have been contrived for perfecting the construction of the cars and for arresting them at the points desired. The Brisbane carrier is a hollow ball which rolls along the interior of the pneumatic tube. - Pneumatic differ pneumatic entia tion, in med., the causing a patient to breathe air of a different tension from that which surrounds his body. Pneumatic duct, in comp. an at. See duct us pneumatic us, under duct us.-Pneumatic elevator, excavator, hoist. See the nouns. - Pneumatic jig, in mining, an air-jig; a jig in which the separation is effected by blasts of air instead of an intermittent current of water. Pneumatic organ. See organ 1. - Pneumatic paradox, that peculiar exhibition of atmospheric pre ure which retains a valve on its seat under a pre ure of gas, allowing only a film of gas to escape.- Pneumatic pen. See pen2. Pneumatic philosophyt, the science of metaphysics or psychology; pneumatology. Pneumatic physicians, a school of physicians, at the head of which was Athenæus, who made health and disease to consist in the different proportions of a fancied spiritual principle, called pneuma, from those of the other elementary principles. Pneumatic pile. (a) A tube open at the lower or penetrating end, and closed from the air at the top, but communicating with a receiver from which air is exhausted. The pre ure of the air acts to force the pile downward, and at the same time the silt within it is pre ed upward and discharged into the receiver. ( b ) A cai on within which compre ed air excludes the water, permitting nece ary operations to be carried on inside it. - Pneumatic spring, tube, etc. See the nouns. - Pneumatic trough, a form of trough used by the physicist or chemist in experiments with gases. By its use the gas can be collected in a bell-jar or other receptacle over a surface of water or mercury. II. n. 1. In organ - building , one of the members of a pneumatic action, whether a bellows or a tube. See pneumatic action , above.-2. Same as pneumatology , 5 tology , 2, where see quotation. pneumatical (nu-mat'i-kal), a.and n . [ pnen matic + -al . ] I. a . Same as pneumatic . This body then accompanying the soul he calls pneu matical , that is (not spiritual in the Scripture sense, but) spirituous, vaporous, or airy. Cudworth, Intellectual System, p. 785. II. n . A vaporous substance; a gas. Bacon . pneumatically (nū-mat'i-kal-i), adv. By means of pneumatic force or of some pneumatic contrivance: as, pneumatically sunk cai ons. pneumaticity (nū-ma-tis'i-ti), n. [ pneumat ic + -ity.] The state of being pneumatic, or hollow and filled with air; capacity of being inflated with air; inflation by air: applied to air-pa ages of animals, the hollow bones of birds, etc. pneumatics (nu-mat'iks), n. [Pl. of pneumatic: see -ics.] 1. That branch of physics physics which treats of the mechanical properties of gases, and particularly of atmospheric air. Pneumatics treats of the weight, pre ure, equilibrium, elasticity, density, condensation, rarefaction, resistance, motion, etc., of gases; it treats of them also considered as media of sound (acoustics), and as vehicles of heat, moisture, etc. It also comprises the description of those machines which depend for their action chiefly on the pre ure and elasticity of air, as the various kinds of pumps, artificial fountains, etc. 21. The doctrine of spiritual substances; pneu matology. pneumatize (nūʼma-tiz), v. t.; pret. and pp. pneumatized, ppr. pneumatizing. [ (nu'ma-to-sist), n. [ πνεῦ IMG:content-0494.png:[blocks in formation] The terms Psychology and Pneumatology , or Pneumatic, are not equivalent. The latter word was used for the doctrine of spirit in general, which was subdivided into three branches, as it treated of the three orders of spiritual substances-God, Angels and Devils, and Man. Sir W. Hamilton , Metaphysics, vi., foot-note. 3. The study of the beliefs, practices, and organizations of men with reference to a supposed world of spirits; spiritual philosophy. Various terms have been suggested, as comparative mythology, spirit ology, pneumatology , daimon ology, . O. T. Mason , Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 500. 4. In theol., the doctrine of the Holy Spirit. The pneumatology of Ephesians resembles that of John, as the christ ology of Colo i ans resembles the christ ology of John. and a. Schaft , Hist. Christ. Church, I. § 95. Pneuma to machi an (nū"ma-tō-mā'ki-an), n. [ πνεῦμα (τ-), spirit, + μάχεσθαι , quarrel.] I. n. An adversary of the Holy Ghost; one who denies the existence, personality, or godhead of the Holy Spirit; specifically, one of a sect or party, or group or succe ion of parties and sects, in the fourth century holding such doctrines. The Pneuma to machi ans in general taught that the Holy Ghost is a creature, a ministering spirit. Some combined this view with the Arian view that God the Son is a creature, and a few taught the extreme doctrine that the Spirit is the creature of a creature (the Son). Most of them, however, accepted the Homoiousian doctrine of the person of the Son, and these were known as Maced on i ans or Marathon i ans , and also Semi - Arians -the Semi-Arians having a whole adopted these views. The views of the Pneuma to machi ans were developed out of Arianism, after the Nicene Council (A. D. 325), and first showed themselves distinctly about 358. The heresy declined rapidly after Constant i no pol it an Council 381. II. a. Pertaining to the Pneuma to machi ans. pneumatometer (nu-ma-tom'e-ter), n. [ [ pneuma to phonic (nu" ma-to-fonʼik), a. pneuma to phon - y + -ic.] Of or pertaining to pneuma to phony. [Rare.] pneuma to phony (nu ma-to-fo-ni), n. [ The air-sac, float, or pneumatophore of an oceanic hydrozoan or siphonophorous hydromedusan; one of the several appendages of the stem of these organisms, serving to buoy them in the water. See cuts under Athorybia and Hy drozoa. When pneuma to cysts are wanting, they may be replaced by a general inflation of the stem, called then a soma to cyst. 2. In ornith., an air-sac or air-space; one of the cavities in a bird's body filled with air. Coues. pneuma to cystic (nū"ma-to-sis'tik), a. [ μα (τ-), air, + -φόρος, drozoa. pneumological those which breathe air in a closed chamber lined with pulmonic ve els: applied by J. E. Gray to the typical pulmonates or pulmonifers, and including most of the inoperculat land shells as well as the fresh-water forms related to them.-2. In Lamarck's cla ification (1819), a section of gastropods, co containing his family Limacea. -3. In Gray's cla ification (1821), a subcla of Gasteropodophora, comprising all terrestrial gastropods, and divided into Inoper culata and Operculata. pneumocace (nū-mok'a-sē), n. Case), [