Apollinarius, The

YOUNGER, who flourished in the time of the emp. Julian, and D. about 382. He early wrote and preached the orthodox faith, but he severed from it and was deemed a heretic; he thus became the founder of a sect called the Apollinarians. This sect denied the proper humanity of Christ, and maintained that the body which he a umed was endowed with a sensitive, but not a rational soul, and that the divine nature supplied the place of the intellectual principle in man. Their doctrines were first condemned at Alexandria in 362, and afterwards more formally, by a council at Constantinople in 381, which deposed A. from his bishopric of Laodicea in Syria. He is said to have held the doctrine of the Millennium, or the personal reign of Christ on earth for 1,000 years. Apollo, ( Myth. ) the son of Jupiter and Latona, called also Phœbus, is often confounded with the sun. According to Cicero, there were four persons of this name. To the son of Jupiter and Latona, however, all the actions of the others seem to have been attributed. As soon as he was born, Apollo destroyed with arrows the serpent Python, which Juno had sent to persecute Latona. Apollo was the god of the fine arts, of medicine, music, poetry, and eloquence; of all these he was deemed the inventor. He had received from Jupiter the power of knowing futurity, and he was the only one of the gods whose oracles were in general repute over the Fig. 157.-APOLLO BELVIDERE. world. He is generally represented with long hair, tall, beardle , with a handsome shape, holding in his hand a bow, and sometimes a lyre. He had temples and statues in every country, particularly in Egypt, Greece, and Italy. The cock, the gra hopper, the wolf, the crow, the swan, the hawk, the olive, the laurel, the palm-tree, ., were sacred to him; and in his sacrifices, wolves and hawks were offered, as they were the natural enemies of the flocks over which he presided. Bullocks and lambs were also immolated to him. As he presided over poetry, he was often seen on Mount Parna us with the nine Muses. His most famous oracles were at Delphi, Delos, Claros, Tenedos, Cyrrha, and Patara. His most splendid temple was at Delphi, to which every nation and individual brought considerable presents when they consulted the oracle. He had a famous Colo us in Rhodes, which was one of the seven wonders of the world. Among the ancient statues of A. that have come down to us, the most remarkable is the one called Apollo Belvidere , (see Fig . 157,) from the pavilion of Belvidere in the Vatican, at Rome; also called Pythian Apollo , because it is supposed that the artist has represented the god as conqueror of the serpent Python. This statue, the best and most perfect that art has produced, was found in the ruins of Antium, at the end of the 15th century, and purchased by Pope Julius II. In 1797, it was carried to Paris, with other treasures of art, and finally restored to Rome, 1815. Apollo, in Pennsylvania , a post-village of Armstrong co., 42 m. N.E. of Pittsburg, on the river Kiskiminetar and the Pennsylvania Canal. Apollo dor us, a famous A then i an painter, about B. с. 408. Pliny records two of his pictures; one of a priest of Apollo at the altar, and the other representing the shipwreck of Ajax. Apollo dor us, B. at Damascus, and lived in the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian. His fame as an architect caused the former to employ him in building a great stone bridge over the Danube, and other works. A. subsequently falling into disgrace with the emperor Hadrian, was put to death by his command. Apollo'nius, of Perga, lived about в. с. 240. He was a mathematician at Alexandria, and wrote a work on conic sections which still survives. A poll on i us Rhodius, a Greek poet, B. in Egypt, but long residing at Rhodes, where he founded a school of rhetoric. He afterwards became keeper of the famous library of Alexandria, B. c. 149. He wrote a poem, called Argonautic a , which is still extant. Apollo'nius, a Pythagorean philosopher, B. at Tyana, about the beginning of the Christian æra. Applying himself to philosophic studies, he adopted the system introduced by Pythagoras, and travelled through the East, profe ing miraculous powers; inducing some to consider him as a rival to the founder of Christianity. His asceticism of life, the miracles and prophecies attributed to him, and the wisdom exhibited in his discourses, brought to him many followers, who erected statues and temples in his honor. D. at Ephesus, about A. D. 97. His life has been written by Phi lost ratus. A polly on, n. [Gr. a polly on , from apollyo , to destroy.] The same as ABADDON, q. v.