Adria

an ancient Italian city of Etruscan origin, and once a seaport. It is situated in the province of Rovigo, between the Adige and the Po. The neglect of the dykes has separated it from the sea, and its prosperity declined before the Roman period. Adrian. The name of six popes, of whom three were distinguished; viz.: Adrian I. (772-795), a eon temporary of Charlemagne, who protected him against the encroachments of Desiderius, king of Lombardy. The 7th @cumenical Council of Nicsea (Nice) was held in his pontificate, and restored the worship of images (787). Charlemagne, calling a general council of the West (794), condemned the worship but sanctioned the use of these symbols, much to the Pope’s annoyance. He was an independent, liberal, and able pontiff. Adrian IV., NicHoLtas BREAKS PERE, the only English Pope, was born at St. Albans, and settled in France as abbot of a monastery near Avignon, 1187. The strictne of his discipline recommended him to Eugenius II]., who made him Cardinal-Bishop of Albano; and upon the death of An as tas i us IV. (1154) he was raised to the Holy See. He held very advanced views as to papal supremacy, and began a quarrel with the Emperor Frederick (Barb a ro a), which led to a rupture under his succe or Alexander III. He died in 1169. Adrian VI. of Utrecht, tutor to Charles V., and succe or in the papal chair of Leo X., 1521. He attempted to reform the Church, and especially to mend the lives of the higher clergy. He thus tendered himself very unpopular, and his death (1523) was hailed with much delight. 3 ) Adrian, the Michigan river, and Adrianople melia, W.N.W. Uskadama, aa Turks empire 1453. the attest is done and trict. again Adriatic name the Albania miles varies more too, Ancona, into bar kation mars by, steep inlets. gation A dull a mites, party we the The sojourn followed discontented.” Adulteration. or genuine it an its constituents was articles ever, of Parliament Committee foods, before and lati on local penalties offenders. done. became was was Adulteration this Adulteration. capital of Lenawee Co., Michigan, in United States, 73 miles 8. of Detroit, on the S. Railway, and a branch of the Raisin It is the centre of a grain-growing district, has many mills worked by water-power. (Turk. EpRENER), a city in Rouon the banks of the Tundja, 137 miles of Constantinople. Formerly known as it was improved and adorned by the a Hadrian, who gave it his nane. The took it in 1360, and it was the seat of their in Europe till the capture of Constantinople, The ruins of the sultan’s palace Lorrie bazaar of Ali Pacha, and the mosque of Selim IT. its former grandeur. A great deal of trade in raw silk, Turkey red, cotton, attar of roses, wine, which is produced abundantly in the dis- It was taken by the Ru ians in 1829, and in 1878. Sea (Mare Adriaticum) derives its from Adria (see above), and divides Italy, on W., from Trieste, Croatia, Dalmatia, and from on the E., having an extreme length of 450 and a mean breadth of 90 miles. Its depth from 12 to 22 fathoms; the tides are slightly marked than in the Mediterranean; the water, is more salt. Its chief ports are Venice, Trieste, and Brindisi, the latter having sprung up importance since becoming the place of emf or India, The Italian shore is low and but the opposite coast presents generally a rocky front, broken by many safe creeks and The gales from §.E. and N.E. render nav i rather dangerous. the name given to a political which arose in 1866, and was led by Mr. (Lord Sherbrooke), who objected to some of proposals of Mr. Gladstone’s Franchise Bill. term was one of derision, referring to David's in the Cave of Adullam, when he was by all who were “ in distre , in debt, or “The act of debasing a pure article for pecuniary profit, by adding to inferior or spurious article, or taking one of away.” Until 1860, so far as the law concerned, traders were free to adulterate the they dealt in to any extent. In 1855, how- Mr. William Scholefield, one of the members for Birmingham, moved for a Select of inquiry into the adulteration of drinks, and drugs. The disclosures made this committee, which sat for two se ions presented three reports, were such that leg is followed in 1860, giving permi ive power to authorities to appoint analysts and imposing of a somewhat mild character upon Under this Act practically nothing was In 1872 the Adulteration ‘of Food Act law, and in this the appointing of analysts made compulsory. In 1874 a Select Committee. 2 ppointed to inquire into the operation of the ©). of the Food and Drinks Act, 1872, and committee recommended the consolidation of 38 the Government: Drugs embodies According ingredients forbidden for hard of prove presence ndequate drugs the bidden under nn juriously well character. he analyst and to of the prosecuting and to If purchaser tell bought into for seller the and adulteration by refusing in a which port at i on, destroyed, adulterated sented it is manufactured leaves-—this, into Dr. Government sational of and examined, illegitimate the and lati on enactments: Act, consumption Adultery. ( 34 Acts of 1860 and 1872. This was done in a measure, and the Sale of Food and Act, 1876, with its. Amendment Act, 1879, the present law relating to adulteration, -to.these Acts the mixing of injurious in any food or drug meant to be sold is under a penalty not exceeding £50 the first offence, and not exceeding six months’ labour for subsequent offences. If the seller articles so mixed with injurious ingredients can that it was impo ible for him to know of the of these ingredients, such proof is an defence. Again, the selling of food and “ not of the nature, substance, and quality of article” demanded by the purchaser is for under a penalty of £20. It is also forbidden, a penalty not exceeding £20, to abstract from article of food any part of it so as to affect inits quality, substance, or nature, and to then this article without giving notice of its altered Any purchaser that suspects the articles buys may have them analysed by the public on paying a fee not exceeding ten shillings sixpence for each case, and for this he is entitled receive from the analyst a certificate of the result the analysis. Many private purchasers call in services of the analyst, not with a view to tradesmen, but for their own guidance, if they find the articles submitted to analysis be tampered with, they change their custom. a prosecution be intended it is nece ary for the at the time of making the purchase to the seller of his intention to have the article analysed, and to offer to divide the article three parts—one to be left with the seller, one himself, and one for the public analyst. If the declines the offer then. the whole is taken to analyst, who divides it into two, one for analysis one for the purchaser. Prosecutions for are usually based on purchases made inspectors and police-constables, and any dealer to sell to such any article offered for sale his shop is liable to a penalty of £10. There is pes rovision in the Act dealing with tea, is thereby examined by the Customs on imand:if found unfit for human food is The extent to which tea used to be.may be inferred from a report pre to the House of Commons in 1783, where stated that four million pounds were annual] in England from sloe and ash. too, at a: time when the total imports this country were only six million pounds, A, W. J. MacFadden on behalf of the Local Board, in 1908, just after the sen- ‘Tinned Meat Revelations,” made a series investigations in regard to such commodities, found that, out of 1,733 tins or gla es of meats 838 or ‘nearly 20 per cent. contained preservatives. A large number of prosecutions that take place under the Food Drugs Act are through the fraudulent manipuof milk and butter. Among the recent may be mentioned the Trade Marks 1905,- which protected ‘leading articles - of against fraudulent imitation by sub- ) stitution Health strengthening ase special Board. to the House teration, was To to recount consumption. sexual person Among Roman pounded not offender. tual The his can for the solution titled there other with consanguinity divorce. separation offences that Divorce, of strong position taken used which number worth. dar, Christmas, Sun days, nearest before, Raster, served The Christ Seventh-day though an Adventitious. of inferior qualities; also the Public (Regulations as to Food) Act, 1907, the of which was recommended in 1908 result of inquiries throughout England by a representative of the Local Government A special Act was pa ed in 1887 relating the adulteration of butter, and consequent upon report in 1906 of the Select Committee of the of Commons on the question of butter adult he Butter and Margarine Act of 1907 pa ed and came into force January, 1908. give an exhaustive statement of the extent which adulteration is practised would be to nearly every article that enters into human Adultery, according to English law, the intercourse of a married person with some other than his or her wife or husband. the Greeks and in the earlier period of law, and according to the Scriptures (as exby some of the best commentators), it is adultery except where a married woman is the In Britain it has been reckoned a spirioffence, and cognisable by the spiritual Courts. common law only allowed the party aggrieved action for damages. In England the husband claim damages from the adulterer in a petition di olution of the marriage. Adultery alone on part of the wife entitles the husband to a dis of the marriage, but the wife is only ento a di olution against the husband where has been, in addition to the adultery, some offence, as bigamy, gro cruelty, or desertion one who is within the prohibited degrees of the offence alone is sufficient for She is, however, entitled to a judicial in case of adultery alone or of the other alone. [DIVORCE.] It seems probable as a result of the special Commi ion on which held its sittings during the summer 1910, the report thereon will contain some recommendations in regard to the legal of husband and wife when adultery has place. Ad valorem (‘according to value”), a term in the Customs, and applies to those duties are levied on goods, not according to their, or weight, but according to their estimated Advent (‘the coming”), in the Church Calenis the name given to the four weeks preceding or more exactly, which include four commencing with the Sunday which falls to St. Andrew’s Day (Nov. 30th)—either on, or after that day. It is regarded as pretory to Christmas as Lent is preparatory to Advent, however, is never so strictly obas to fasting, etc., as Lent. Advent ist sand Seventh-day Adventists. Adventists looked for the second coming of in 1848, but latterly have called themselves Adventists, and teach that the event, imminent, is indefinite. The Advent i ste, American sect, were formed in 1838. 39