Baltimore

Sept. 20, 1799: died there, Jan. 18, rated from Schleswig by the Eider and the Baltic Canal. The chief place is Kiel. The surface is generally low. It formed part of the realm of Charles the Great. and was for several centuries ruled by counts of the house Holstein of Schauenberg. Schleswig and Holstein were formally united in 1386. In 1460 they pa ed to the kings of Denmark (Oldenburg line). Holstein continued a fief of the empire; became a duchy in 1474; and was incorporated with Denmark in 1806. The King of Denmark entered the Germanic Confederation for Holstein in 1815. It received representative government in 1831; rebelled against Denmark 1848-50 and 1863-64; and was annexed by Pru ia in 1866. See Schleswig and Schleswig -Holstein Wars. Holstein-Gottorp. See Oldenburg . Holston (hol's ton). Ariver in eastern Tennes see, formed by North and South Forks near King sport. It unites with the Clinch to form the Tenne ee at Kingston. Length, about 200 miles (ine cluding the North Fork, over 300 miles); navigable to Knoxville. Holtei (hol'ti), Karl von. Born at Breslau, Jan. 24, 1798: died there, Feb. 12, 1880. A German poet and dramatist. He began the study of jurispru dence, but soon abandoned it to go upon the stage, and afterward was connected with the theater, in various places, as actor, director, and poet. He also acquired reputation as a Shaksperian reader. A volume of poems ("Gedichte") appeared in 1826. His principal fame, however, as a poet rests upon his "Schlesische Gedichte" ("Silesian Poems," 1830). Among his dramas are particularly to be mentioned "Leonore," "Lorbeerbaum und Bettelstab" ("Laurel Tree and Beggar Staff"), "Der alte Feldherr" ("The Old General"), "Die Berliner in Wien" ("The Berlin ers in Vienna")," Die Wiener in Berlin" ("The Viennese in Berlin"), all of which appeared in his "Theater" (1867) in 6 vols. He is also the author of a number of novels, among them "Die Vagabunden" ("The Vagabonds," 1852), "Christian Lammfell"(1853), "Ein armer Schneider" ("A Poor Tailor," 1858), "Der letzte Komödiant" ("The Last Comedian," 1863). Hölty (hel'ti), Ludwig He in rich Chris toph. Born at Mariensee, near Hannover, Dec. 21, 1748: died at Hannover, Sept. 1, 1776. A German lyric poet. He was the son of a clergyman. He studied theology at Göttingen, where he was one of the founders of the poetic brotherhood, the so-called "HainBund." He wrote songs, odes, and elegies, and the patriotic idyl "Das Feuer im Walde" ("The Fire in the Forest"). His collected poems were first published posthumously in Holtzendorff (holts'en-dorf), Franz von. Born at Vietmannsdorf, Ukermark, Pru ia, Oct. 14, 1829: died at Munich, Feb. 4, 1889. A German jurist. He wrote "Französische Rechtszustände " (1859), Reform (1864), "Die Prinzipien der Politik" (1869), etc. Holub(hō'löb), Emil. Born at Holitz, Bohemia, Oct. 7, 1847: died at Vienna, Feb. 21, 1902. An African explorer. After practising medicine at the diamond-fields of South Africa (1872), he took to scientific exploration and collecting. He first explored the Transvaal (1873-74); reached the Zambesi River, via Shoshong, in 1875; and went as far as the Barotse, returning to Europe in 1879. In 1884 he was again at the Cape and on his way to the Zambesi. The looting of his camp by the Mashukulumbe obliged him to return in 1887. His young wife accompanied him on this second exploration of the Zambesi valley, and rendered heroic service. He wrote "Seven Years in South Africa" (1880), etc. Holy Alliance, The. A league formed by the sovereigns of Ru ia, Austria, and Pru ia in person after the fall of Napoleon, signed at Paris Sept. 26, 1815, and afterward joined by all the other European sovereigns except those of Rome and England. Its profe ed object was to unite their respective governments in a Christian brotherhood, but its real one was to perpetuate existing dynasties by their joint opposition to all attempts at change. A special clause debarred any member of the Bonaparte family from ascending a European throne. The league came to an end after the French revolution of 1830. Holy Bottle. See Dive Bouteille . Holy Coat. See Treves. Holy cro (hō-li-krôs'). A village in Tipperary, Ireland, situated on the Suir 3 miles south of Thurles. Holy cro Abbey is a very notable Cistercian foundation, now ruined. The cruciform church, with central tower, has round arches on the north side of the nave and pointed arches on the south side. There is a beautiful window of 6 lights at the west end of the nave, and a similar one in the chevet. Each transept po e es two beautifully vaulted and arcaded chapels: those of the north transept are connected by an elegant vaulted pa age. In the choir stands a very ornate 14th-century altar-tomb to a counte of Desmond. Holy Dying and Holy Living. Two tractates by Jeremy Taylor. Holy Grail. One of Tennyson's "Idylls of the King." See Grail . Holy head (hol'i-hed), Welsh Caer-Gybi (kä'er-gib'e). A seaport in Angle sea, Wales, situated in lat. 53° 19′ N., long. 4° 38′ W. It is the terminus of the mail-packet line to Dublin. Population (1891), 8,726. Holy Island, or Lindisfarne (lin-dis-färn'). 1. An island(atlow water a peninsula) in the North Sea, 2 miles from the coast of North umber land, and 10 miles southeast of Berwick-on-Tweed. It is celebrated for the ruins of its monastery, founded by Oswald 635, and famous under St. Cuthbert. Length, 3 miles. 2. A name sometimes given to Rügen, and also to other islands. Holy Land. See Palestine . Julius II., Ferdinand of Aragon, and the states of Venice and Switzerland, formed in 1511 for the purpose of expelling Louis XII. of France from Italy. It was subsequently joined by Henry VIII. of England and by the emperor Maximilian. It was di olved on the death of Julius in 1513. 2. A league between the emperor Charles V., the archbishops of Mainz and Salzburg, and the dukes William and Louis of Bavaria, George of Saxony, and Eric and Henry of Brunswick, Homer Holy Thorn. See Glastonbury . Holy War, The. 1. A work by Thomas Fuller, formed at Nuremberg July 10, 1538, for the sup published in 1639: his first important book. -2. port of the Roman Catholic faith in Germany A work by John Bunyan, published in 1682. in opposition to the Smalkaldic League.-3. Holy well (hol'i-wel). A town in Flints hire, A league formed by the Roman Catholics in North Wales, situated near the estuary of the France in 1576 for the purpose of annihilating Dee, 14 miles southwest of Liverpool. Popula- the Huguenot party and elevating the Guises tion (1891), 3,018. to the throne. It owed its origin to the di atisfaction ( paix de monsieur ), concluded in that year, which granted among the Roman Catholics with the peace of Chastenoy the Huguenots free exercise of their religion in all parts of France except Paris. It was supported by Philip II. of Spain, and was finally overthrown by Henry IV. in 1596. Holy Mother of the Ru ians. An epithet of Moscow. Holyoake (hōl'i-ōk), George Jacob. Born at Birmingham, April 13, 1817. An English reformer. He has taken a prominent part in promoting schemes for the education of the working-cla es and for the advancement among them of various forms of coöper a tion. He is an advocate of secularism. Among his works are "The History of Co-operation in England: its Literature and Advocates" (1875-78) and "The Rochdale Pioneers: Thirty-Three Years of Co-operation in Rochdale" (1882), of which a ninth edition appeared in 1883 under the title of "Self-Help by the People." Holyoke (hōl'yōk). A city in Hampden County, Ma achusetts, situated on the Connecticut 7 miles north of Springfield. It is noted for its manufactures, especially of paper, being one of the chief paper manufacturing cities in the world. Population (1900), 45,712. Holyoke, Mount. The chief point in a low range (Holyoke range) in western Ma achusetts, southeast of North amp ton. Height, 955 Holy Roman Empire, or German-Roman Empire, often called the German Empire, G. Römisches Reich deutscher Nation (re'mish feet. es rich doich'ernät-sē-ōn′), orDeutsches Reich (doich'es rich). The realm ruled by the emperor who claimed to be the representative of the ancient Roman emperors, and who a erted (in theory) authority over the nations of western and central Europe: called "holy" from the interdependence of the empire and the church. It comprised in general the German-speaking peoples in central Europe, and it had for a long time a close connection with Italy. Various regions outside of Germany proper were at different times under the empire. It began with Charles the Great, king of the Franks, who was crowned emperor of the West 800, and was succeeded by various Caroling i an emperors. By the treaty of Verdun (843) the Caroling i an dynasty continued in the eastern part of Charlemagne's empire ( i . e . Germany). The German nation grew from the union of Thu ring i ans, Franks, Saxons, Bavarians, Swabians, Lorrainers, etc. The Saxon line of German kings began with Henry the Fowler in 919. The lasting union of Germany with the empire began in 962, when Otto I., king of Germany, became Roman emperor. The Saxon line of emperors continued until 1024. The Franc on i an line (Conrad IV., Henry III., Henry IV., Henry V.) reigned 1024 to 1125; the Hohenstaufen or Swabian line (Conrad III., Frederick Barb a ro a, Frederick II., Conrad IV.) 1138-1208, 1215-54. There was an interregnum from 1254 to 1273. Emperors from the Hapsburg, Luxemburg, and other houses reigned 1273-1437. The continuous line of Hapsburg emperors, who were powerful Austrian rulers, began in 1438. After Maximilian I. and Charles V. the empire degenerated through the 17th and 18th centuries; and Francis II. (Francis I. of Austria) abdicated as the last emperor in 1806. The emperors were elected. The number of electors was fixed at seven by the Golden Bull of 1356-the archbishops of Mainz, Treves, and Cologne, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the King of Bohemia, the Duke of Saxony, and the Margrave of Brandenburg. Bavaria and Hannover were respectively made electorates in 1623 and 1692, and in the years immediately before the fall of the empire Würtemberg, He e-Ca el, and Salzburg. By Maximilian I. the empire was divided into 10 circles - Burgundian, Westphalian, Lower Rhine, Upper Rhine, Lower Saxon, Upper Saxon, Franc on i an, Swabian, Bavarian, and Austrian. See German Confederation , Germany , Pru ia , Saxony , and the different German states; also Austria . Holyrood (hoʻli-röd) Palace. An ancient royal palace of Scotland, situated at Edinburgh. It was originally an abbey, founded 1128; was several times burned; and was the scene of the murder of Rizzio 1566. It is a large and picturesque castellated structure, in its existing form built chiefly about 1670. The apartments of Mary Queen of Scots are preserved. The palace replaced Holyrood Abbey, to which belonged the fine ruined Early English church, whose tracery, arcades, and other details are admirable. The abbey po e ed the ancient privilege of sanctuary, and for debtors this survived until 1880, when imprisonment for debt was abolished. Holy Sepulcher, Church of the. A church at Jerusalem, consecrated in 336. The original building was in the form of a rotunda, whose shape, at least, survives in the existing complex structure. It a umed various forms in the course of the middle ages, and was in great part rebuilt after a fire in 1808. The chief entrance Holy well street. A London street parallel to the Strand from Newcastle street to St. Clement Danes Church: so named from a "holy well" in that locality. It is occupied chiefly by book-shops, and was formerly notorious as a place of sale for obscene literature. Holzminden (hōlts'min-den). A town in Brunswick, Germany, on the Weser 40 miles south southwest of Hannover. It has a school of engineering. Population (1890), 8,787. Homam (hō-mäm'). [Ar. sa'd al- hom am , the lucky star of the hero.] The third-magnitude star n Pegasi. Homberg (hom'berg), Wilhelm. Born at Batavia, Java, Jan. 8, 1652: died at Paris, Sept. 24, 1715. A chemist of German descent. He discovered boracic acid and "Homberg's phosphorus." Homburg, or Homburg-vor-der-Höhe (hom'börg-for-der-hė'e). A town in the province of He e-Na au, Pru ia, on a spur of the Taunus 9 miles north-northwest of Frankfort-on-the landgraviate of He e-Homburg. Population Main. It is one of the most frequented watering-places in Germany, noted for mineral springs, formerly for its gaming-tables. It has a castle. It was the capital to 1866 (1890), commune, 8,863. Homburg. A small town in the Palatinate, Home (hom), Sir Everard. Born at Hull, England, May 6, 1756: died at London, Aug. 31, 1832. A Scottish surgeon and anatomist. He was a pupil of his brother-in-law John Hunter, and later his a istant. From 1821 he was surgeon to Chelsea Hospital. He wrote "Lectures on Comparative Anatomy" (1814-28), etc. Home, Henry, Lord Kames. Born at Kames, Berwickshire, Scotland, 1696: died at Edinburgh, Dec. 27, 1782. A Scottish judge and philosophical writer. He published "E ays on the Principles of Morality and Natural Religion" (1751), "Elements of Criticism" (1762), and various legal works. Bavaria, 43 miles southeast of Treves. Home, John. Born at Leith, Scotland, Sept. 21. 172 21, 1722: died near Edinburgh, Sept. 5, 1808. A Scottish clergyman and dramatist, author of "Douglas" (which see). He was settled as minister at Athelstaneford in East Lothian in 1747. His connection with the stage aroused clerical hostility, and proceedings against him were begun in the presbytery: but he resigned in 1757. He also wrote "Agis" (acted 1758), "The Fatal Discovery" (1769), "Alonzo" (1773), "Alfred" (1778). Home as Found. A novel by Cooper, published in 1838. Home Counties. A name given to the English counties containing London and in its immediate neighborhood. They are Middle sex, Surrey, Kent, E ex, and Hertford. Homer (ho'mer). [L. Homerus , Gr. "Όμηρος, one who puts together; a hostage; a pledge agreed upon between two parties.] The poet to whom is a igned by very ancient tradition the authorship of the Iliad and the Ody ey, and of certain hymns to the gods ("Homeric Hymns"). Other poems also, as the "Batrachomyomachia” (“Battle of the Frogs and Mice"), were with le certainty attributed to him. Of his personality nothing is known. Seven cities Smyrna, Rhodes, Colophon, Salamis (in Cyprus), Chios, Argos, and Athens-contended for the honor of being his birthplace: of these, the best evidence connects him with Smyrna. He was said to have died on the island of Ios. The tradition that he lived on the island of Chios, and in his old age was blind, is supported by the Hymn to the Delian Apollo. Modern destructive criticism has led to the doubt whether such a person as Homer existed at all, the great epics which bear that name being supposed to be, in their existing form, of a composite character, the product of various persons and ages. It is altogether probable, however, that the nucleus of the Iliad, at least, was the work of a single poet of commanding genius. (See Iliad , Ody ey, and the quotation below.) Various dates have been a igned to Homer. According to Hero dot us he lived about 850 B. C.; others give a later date, and some a date as early as 1200 B. C. His poems were sung by profe ional reciters (rhapsodists), who went from city to city. (See Home rid a .) They were given substantially their present form by Pis i stratus or his sons Hipparch us and Hippias, who ordered the rhapsodists to recite them at the Panathenaic festival in their order and completene . The present text of the poems, with their division into books, is based upon the work of the Alexandrine critics. Homer We may a ume it as certain that there existed in Ionia schools or fraternities of epic rhapsodists who composed and recited heroic lays at feasts, and often had friendly cons may be sought in northern Greece, from which the fashion migrated in early days to Asia Minor. We may a ume that these singers became popular in many parts of Greece, and that they wandered from court to court, glorifying heroic ancestors of the various chiefs. One among them, called Homer, was endowed with a genius superior to the rest, and struck out a plot capable of nobler and larger treatment. It is likely that this superiority was not recognized at the time, and that he remained all his life a singer like the rest, a wandering minstrel, po ibly poor and blind. IMG:content-0607.png:[blocks in formation] said to date from the 15th century, and printed with sacred words at Antwerp in 1565. Grove . Homme qui Rit, L'. [F., The Man who Honey wood. The " good-natured man" in Gold- Laughs.'] A romance by Victor Hugo, pub- lished in 1869. Hompesch (hom'pesh), Baron Ferdinand von. Born at Dü eldorf, Pru ia, Nov. 9, 1744: died at Montpellier, France, 1803. The last grand master of the order of St. John. He was elected in 1797, and was exiled from Malta by the French in 1798. approval, they demanded frequent recitation, and so this Homer began to attain a great posthumous fame. But when this fame led people to inquire into his life and history, it had already pa ed out of recollection, and men Hims (hims). A city Syria, Asiatic Turkey, Turkey, situated on the Orontes about lat. 34° 45′ N., long. 36° 43′ E.: the ancient Emesa. It was noted rhapsodists, however, then turned their attention to expanding and perfecting his poem, which was greatly enlarged and called the Iliad. In doing this they had recourse to the art of writing, which seems to have been in use when Homer framed his poem, but which was certainly employed when the plan was enlarged with episodes. The home of the original Homer seems to have been about Smyrna, and in contact with both Æolic and Ionic legends. His date is quite uncertain: it need not be placed before 800 B. C., and Mahaffy , Hist. of Cla ical Greek Lit., I. 81. is perhaps later, but not after 700 в. с. Homer, Winslow. Born at Boston, Feb. 24,1836. An American genre-painter. In 1861 he went to Washington, and three times accompanied the Army of the Potomac in its campaigns. His first oil pictures were war scenes: among them is the famous "Prisoners from the Front." In later years he has lived chiefly in New York. He was elected national academician in 1865. He has produced many works in oils, in water-colors, and in black and white. Among his pictures are "The Life-Line" (1884), Homeric Hymns. A group of Greek hexameter poems, 5 of considerable length and 29 shorter, anciently ascribed to Homer. Each is inscribed to and relates a legend concerning a god or godde . The most noted are the "Hymn to the Delian Apollo," in which "Launching the Boat" (1884), etc. an account is given of the birth of Apollo and of the ancient festival at Delos (the author describing himself as the blind bard of rocky Chios); the "Hymn to the Pythian Apollo"; and the hymns to Hermes, Demeter, and Aphro dite. The Homeric Hymns are e entially secular and not religious; they seem distinctly intended to be recited in competitions of rhapsodes, and in some cases even for direct pay; they are all in form preludes to longer recitations, apparently of epic poems, though the longer five are expanded into substantially independent compositions. Mahaffy, Hist. of Cla ical Greek Lit., I. 129. Homeridæ (hō-mer'i-dē). See the extract and Homer . In fact, in addition to Creophylus of Samos and Cynæ thus of Chios, both of whom are mentioned as friends of Homer, or early preservers of his poetry, the main source of early traditions about Homer seems to be among the clan of Home ride, at Chios, who claimed him as their founder, and who recited his epics through Greece. In the Hymn to the Delian Apollo one of these bards speaks of himself, and we know of contests being held among them, such as are described in the alleged contest between Homer and Hesiod.