FILIATION

(Fr.), n. Fe-le-a3-se-o2n2. From films, a son. A regular succe ion, as from father to son; the establishment of a series of conditions each of which, after the first, is rendered po ible by the occurrence of one or more of the preceding ones. [A, 885.] FILICACE^E (Lat.), n. f. pi. Fi2l-i2-ka(ka3)'se2(ke2)-e(a3-e2). From filix, a fern. Of Presl, an order of the Filicineae, comprising the Helicogyratai and Cathetogyratce, and subsequently a subcla of the FilicinecB, consisting of the same divisions as before, and, in addition, the Pleurogyratce. The Filicaceites of Sternberg are an order of fo il ferns consisting of the Glei chen i a cites, Aspidiaceites, Adiantaceites, Polypod i a cites, etc. The Filicariece of Dumortier are an order of the Dermogynce, consisting of the Ophioglo inece and Filices. The Filicece are: 1. Of Necker, an order of plants including Equisetum, Acrostic hum, etc.; of Dumortier, a family of the Arcania, including Pteris, etc. 2. Of Bridel, a tribe of Musci, consisting of the genus Fi idens. The Filices (Fr.,fougeres: Ger., Fame, Farren, Farnkrauter, Farrnkrauter, Farrenkrduter) are: 1. The ferns, one of the principal groups of cryptogams; of Linnaeus, a group comprising Ophioglo um, Osmunda, Pteris, Tri cho manes, Adiantum, Lonchitis, Asplenium, etc., or (Roth) the Exannulatce (Osmunda and Ophioglo um) and Annulatce (Onoclea, Poly podium, Pteris, etc.). The ferns are plants with solid, mostly unbranching, or but sparingly branching, stems, which increase in length by the division of a single apical cell. The leaves are more highly developed than in the other vascular cryptogams; the fibrovascular bundles are of the concentric type; the sporangeia are always borne on the leaves, either at the margins or on the lower surface, generally in groups or clusters called sort. The sporangeia are cellular sacs inclosing usually a considerable number of spores. The ferns are variously cla ed by modern botanists. In Hooker's system they are divided into the Gleicheniachece, Polypod i ace a i, Osmundacece, Schizacece, Marattiacew, and Ophioglo acece; by others into the Ophioglo acece, Marattiacece, and Polypodiacece, of which the first two, known as pseudo-ferns, have the spore-cases ringle , while the latter, with the spore-cases having a jointed ring, contain the true ferns, and include the greater portion of all the known species. In some modern cla ifications the Filices are a group of the Filiciniece, and represent the true ferns. 2. Of Wiggers (1780), an order of cryptogams restricted to the EpiphyUospermce, including Ophioglo um and Osmunda. The Filicina of Batsch are a family of the CMorophylla, comprising Osmunda, Acrostic hum. Asplenium. etc. The Filicince of Gleditsch are a cla of plants including Equisetum, Osmunda, Ophioglo um, Pteris, Lonchites, Adiantum, Asplenium, Poly podium, Tri cho manes, Blechnum, etc., or iaPerleb's system including theDiclidopterides, Epiphyllospermce, and Thy lac opter ides, or (Leunis) the LycopodiacecK and Filices. The Filicinece are: Of Presl, a cla of plants including the Filicacece, Hymenophyllacecz, Marattiacece, OsmundacecR, and Ophioglo acecK; of Brongniart, a cla of aerogens, including the Filices, Marsiliacece, Lycopodiacece, Equiseta too; U2, blue; U3, lull; U, full; U, urn; U, like u (German). [s. 57]