IVAN, OR JOHN

name of several Ru ian rulers; Ivan J., Grand-Duke of Vladimir (succ., 1828); acquired Tver and other dominions; took title Grand-Duke of Moscow. Ivan ITI., the Great (14401505), Grand-Duke of Muscovy, began to reign, 1462; abolished Tartar rule and brought provinces and principalities of Muscovy under central government; patron of art and learning. Jvan IV. (1530-84), Ivan the Terrible, was first to a ume title of Tsar; he succ. in 1533, and did a great deal in developing art and commerce in the country, besides extending his dominions and introducing many reforms. He annexed Kazan and Astrakhan, and later Siberia, but failed in his attemps to acquire Livonia. In his later years the cruelty of his rule made his name a byword; at Novgorod, in 1570, he is said to have put to death about 60,000 people for alleged treason in six weeks. In 1580, he killed his s. Ivan, in a fit of rage, and pa ed the rest of his life in sorrow for the deed. Ivan V., Tsar of Ru ia (1666-96), was of weak mind, and the conduct of affairs devolved upon his bro., Peter. Ivan VI. (174064), succ. his great-aunt, the Empre . Anne, in 1740; deposed, 1742; imprisoned twelve years, and then put to death.