Etruria (see Etruria )

It was ruled by the Romans, Goths, Frankish conquest constituted a margravate. The celebrated counte Matilda, who reigned from 1076 to 1115, bequeathed her dominions to the popes. Their po e ion, however, was contested by the emperors of Germany, and in the meanwhile Tuscany became completely disintegrated, various independent republics in addition to Pisa (Florence, Lucca, Siena, etc.) rising to prominence. Florence ultimately absorbed the other republics, and in 1569 her dominions were erected into the grand duchy of Tuscany, under the house of Medici. Tuscany pa ed from the house of Medici to that of Lorraine in 1737, and became an Austrian "secundogeniture"; was occupied by the French in 1799; was given as the kingdom of Etruria to the house of Parma in 1801; was taken again by the French in 1807, and incorporated with France in 1808; and was restored to the Hapsburg-Lorraine line in grand duke Leopold II. was obliged to quit the country in 1859, and in 1860 Tuscany was annexed by Victor Emmanuel. Area of compart i men to, 9,304 square miles. Population (1892), 2,288,747.