Karia

See Caria. Karikal (kä-ri-käl'). A town and settlement on the eastern coast of India, belonging to France, handia, lati on (1888), 34,719. Karitena. See Karytaina . IMG:content-0567.png:[ocr errors] Karkar (kär kär). A locality in Syria, on the Orontes, where, in 854 B. C., Shalmaneser II. defeated a confederacy of western princes, including Ahab and Ben-hadad. Karl (kärl). The German form of the name Charles. Karli, or Carlee (kär'lē). A village in Bombay, British India, 45 miles east-southeast of Bombay. The rock-cut hall or temple here is the largest and finest of its type surviving in India. The plan strongly resembles that of a Christian church, including a vestibule, nave, and aisles divided by columns, and rounded apse with deambulatory. The length is 126 feet, the width 454. The columns have large vase-formed bases, octagonal shafts, and complex capitals whose leading feature is two kneeling elephants bearing human figures. The roof is of approximately semicircular section. In the place of the Christian altar stands the dagoba, which has the form of a plain dome on a cylindrical drum. Upon it stands a square tee or relic-casket which supports an emblematic wooden parasol. The entrance has 3 portals surmounted by a gallery. Before the vestibule stands a lat, or lion pillar, no doubt one of an origi nal pair. The date is placed at 78 B. C. Some similar temples, as at Ajunta, exhibit façades very elaborately sculptured in architectural forms with figure and geometrical decoration. Karlings (kär'lingz). Same as Caroling i ans . Karlowitz, or Carlowitz (kär'lō-vits). A town in Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary, situated on the Danube in lat. 45° 11′ N., long. 19° 56′ E. It is famous for its wine. A peace was concluded here Jan. 26, 1699, between Austria, Ru ia, Venice, and Poland on one side and Turkey on the other, whereby Austria acquired Transylvania and Hungary between the Danube and Thei ; Ru ia, Azoff; Venice, the Morea and conquests in Dalmatia; and Poland, Podolia and the Ukraine. Population (1890), 5,490 . Karlsbad, or Carlsbad (kärls'bäd), or KaiserKarlsbad (kiʻzer-kärls'bäd). A town and watering-place in Bohemia, on the Tepl, near the Eger, 68 miles west by north of Prague. It is one of the principal watering-places in Europe. According to tradition, its mineral springs were discovered by the emperor Charles IV. in 1347. The principal spring is the Sprudel. Karlstad, or Carlstad (kärl'städ). The capital of the laen of Wermland, Sweden, situated at the entrance of Klar-Elf into Lake Wener, about lat. 59° 25′ N., long. 13° 28′ E. Population (1890), 8,716. Karlstadt, or Carlstadt (kärl'stät). A small town in Lower Franc on i a, Bavaria, situated on the Main 14 miles northwest of Würzburg. Karlstadt, or Carlstadt. [Croatian Karlovac . ] A fortre and royal free city in Croatia, Austria-Hungary, situated at the junction of the Korana with the Kulpa, 29 miles southwest of Agram. Population (1890), 5,559. Karsten, Karl Bernhard Karn apr a varan as (kär"na-prä-va'ra-naz). [Skt., having their ears as a covering.'] A fabulous people mentioned in the Mahabharata, Ramayana, and other Sanskrit works. Karnata, or Karnatas (kar-nä'tä, -täz). Names of a country in India, and of its inhabitants, whence the modern Carnatic . The name Karnata was anciently applied to the central districts of the peninsula, including Mysore, while the modern Carnatic is limited to a not exactly defined region on the east or Coromandel coast of India, from Cape Com or in to about 16° N. It is no longer a recognized division, and exists only as a designation for the theater of the struggle between France and England for Indian supremacy. Karnatic. See Carnatic . ponent of Luther. Karl stein (kärl's tin). A castle in Bohemia, about 13 miles southwest of Prague, built (13481357) by the emperor Charles IV. for the safekeeping of the Bohemian crown jewels. The chapel in the great tower, in which they were kept, is richly adorned with inlaying, gilding, Karma mim ansa (kär-ma-me-män'sä). [Skt., 'inquiry into the karman (action),' in the sense of 'ritual,' of the Veda.] Another name of the Purvamimansa system of Hindu philosophy. Karmat (kär'mät), surname of Hamdan ben as has. The founder of the Karmathians and color. (which see). Also Carmath . Karmathians (kär-ma'thi-ans). [So named from Karmat , the principal apostle of the sect, a poor laborer, who profe ed to be a prophet.] A Mohammedan sect which arose in Turkey about the end of the 9th century. The Karmathians regarded the Koran as an allegorical book, rejected all revelation, fasting, and prayer, and were communistic, even in the matter of wives. They carried on wars against the califate, particularly in the 10th century, but disappeared soon after. According to some accounts the Druses developed from them. Karna (kär'na). In Hindu mythology, son of Pritha or Kunti by Surya, 'the sun,' before her marriage to Pandu, and so the unknown half brother of the Pandava princes. He was born equipped with arms and armor. The sage Durvasas had given Kunti a charm by which she might have offspring by any god invoked, and she chose the sun. Afraid of disgrace, Kunti exposed the child by the Yamuna, where it was found by the charioteer of Dhritarashtra, who had it reared by his wife Radha. In the war Karna took the part of the Kauravas, and was at last killed by Arjuna. After his death, his relationship becoming known, great kindne was shown to his family. Karnak (kär'nak). A village in Egypt, on the lati on (1890), commune, freedy 25,000 visitors annually. Popueastern bank of the Nile, on the site of Thebes, Karlsbad, Congre of. A congre of ministers representing Austria, Pru ia, and a number of minor German states, held at Karlsbad in Aug., 1819, to discu the democratic movement in Germany. The congre resolved to recommend to their respective governments and to the Diet of the German Confederation the so-called "Karlsbad Decrees," the most important of which were that the pre should be subjected to a rigorous censorship; that a central commi ion should be established at Mainz for the investigation of demagogical intrigues; that the Burschenschaft, a secret organization among the students, should be suppre ed; and that the universities should be placed under government inspection. These resolutions were adopted by the Diet Sept. 20, 1819. Karlsburg (kärls'börg), formerly We is sen burg (vis's en-börg). [Hung. Gyula Fehérvár . ] A fortified town in the county of Unterwei enburg, Transylvania, situated on the Maros in lat. 46° 6' N., long. 23° 33′ E.: the Roman Apulum. In the citadel are the cathedral, Batthyaneum, episcopal palace, etc. Population (1890), 8,167. tthya Karlshamn, or Carlshamn (kärlsʼhäm). A seaport in the laen of Blekinge, Sweden, situated on the Baltic in lat. 56° 10' N., long. 14° 52′ E. Population (1890), 7,191. Karlskrona, or Carlscrona (kärls'krō-nä). A seaport and the capital of the laen of Blekinge, Sweden, situated on several islands in the Bal tie, in lat. 56° 10' N., long. 15° 36′ E. It was founded by Charles XI.; is the chief station of the Swedish fleet; and has extensive docks. Population (1890), 20,613. Karlsruhe, or Carlsruhe (kärls'rö-e). 1. A district of Baden, lying between Mannheim on the north and Freiburg on the south. Area, 993 square miles.-2. The capital of Baden, situated 6 miles from the Rhine, in lat. 49° 1' N., long. 8° 24' E. It is built in the form of a fan radiating from the palace. It has recently developed manufactures, and contains a noted polytechnic school, a hall of art, and a museum. Population (1890), 73,679. famous for its remains of antiquity. The Great Temple extends to a length of about 1,200 feet from west to east, and is comparatively regular in plan. The double pylon of the great court is about 370 feet wide; the court is colonnaded at the sides, and has an avenue of columns in the middle. A second pylon follows, and opens on the famous hypostyle hall, 170 by 329 feet, with central avenue of 12 columns 62 feet high and 11 in diameter, and 122 columns 42 feet high at the sides. The lintel-blocks of the portal are 41 feet long. A narrow court follows, ornamented with Osiride figures and containing two obelisks, one of which is erect and is 974 feet high, being surpa ed only by that of St. John Later an at Rome. This court precedes a structure containing the usual series of halls and chambers, and an isolated cella or sanctuary. Behind this building is another large open court, at the back of which stands the columnar edifice of Thothmes III., an extensive building containing a large hypostyle hall and many comparatively small halls and chambers. The exist. ing temple appears to have been begun by Usertesen I. (about 2700 B. c.), to whose modest foundation extensive additions were made by Thothmes I. and III., Seti I., Rameses II. and III., and Shishak (about 950 B. C.). The mu ral sculptures are vast in quantity, and highly interest ing in character, particularly those which portray the racial characteristics of various conquered Asiatic peoples. A complete temple of Amen, built by Rameses III., extends toward the south from the great court. The pylon of Ptolemy Euergetes is a conspicuous monument at the end of the long avenue of sphinxes leading from Luxor. The pylon has a single large square portal, and is surmounted by a frieze carved with the winged solar disk and by the overhanging cornice. It is covered inside and out with bands of sculpture representing Ptolemy and his queen paying honor to his predece ors and to the gods. In one of the interior compartments Ptolemy appears in Greek costume, an exceedingly rare type. The temple of Khonsu, one of the Theban triad, was founded by Rameses III. It is notable chiefly for its beautiful hypostyle hall, whose great columns and epistyle beams are deeply cut with hieroglyphs and with coælan a glyphic reliefs of kings and divinities. The exterior wall also presents much remarkable sculpture. Also Carnac. Karnal (kur-näl'). 1. A district in the Panjab, British India, intersected by lat. 29° 45′ N., long. 77° E. Area, 2,440 square miles. Popu. lati on (1891), 683,718.-2. The capital of the district of Karnal, in lat. 29° 42′ N., long. 76° 57′ E. Population (1891), 21,963. 78° E. Area, 7,514 square miles. Population (1891), 817,811.-2. The capital of the district of Karnul, situated at the junction of the rivers Hundri and Tungabhadra, in lat. 15° 49′ N., long. 78° 4′ E. Population (1891), 24,376. Karo (kä'rō), Joseph ben Ephraim. The greatest Talmudic authority of the 16th century (1488-1575). When a child he and his parents were ex iled from Spain, and settled at different times in Nicopolis, Adrianople, and Palestine. Of his numerous works the best-known are his commentary, "House of Joseph" ("Beth Joseph"), on the "Four Rows" ("Arba Turim") of Ben-Asher, and especially his "Arranged Table" ("Shul chan Aruch"), a methodically arranged compendium of all the laws and customs which regulate Jewish life. Karolinenthal (kä'rō-len-en-täl). A suburb of Prague, Bohemia, situated on the Moldau northeast of the city. Population (1890), commune, 19,540. Károly (kä'rōly), Nagy-. A town in the county of Szathmár, Hungary, 37 miles east-northeast of Debreczin. Population (1890), 13,475. Karpathos. See Car path us . Karr (kär), Jean Baptiste Alphonse. Born at Paris, Nov. 24, 1808: died at Saint Raphael, Var, Sept. 29, 1890. A French novelist, journalist, and satirist. In 1839 he became editor of the "Figaro" and founded the very succe ful little satirical review "Les Guêpes." He wrote "Voyage autour de mon jardin" (1845), and more recently "Hélène" and "La maison de l'ogre" (1890). He also wrote many political, literary, and humorous fragments and sketches, and a large number of novels. He lived at Nice for several years before his death. Karroo (kä-rö'), The Great. A dry and elevated region, partly desert, in Cape Colony, between the Zwarteberge and the Nieuweveld Berge. Length, about 350 miles. Kars (kärs). 1. A province of Transcaucasia, Ru ia, lying west of Erivan, and bordering on Asiatic Turkey. Area, 7,308 square miles. Population, 214,471.-2. A fortre and the capital of the territory of Kars, situated on the Kars Tchai in lat. 40° 37′ N., long. 43° 8′ Ε., about 6,000 feet above sea-level. It is now an almost impregnable fortre , but was captured from the Turks by Paskevitch in 1828; was again taken by the Ru ians Nov. 28, 1855, after a six months' defense by the Turks under General Williams; was invested by the Ru ians in 1877. relieved in July, again besieged, and stormed by them Nov. 18, 1877. With its territory it was ceded to Ru ia in 1878. Population (1891), 3,941. Karschin (kärsh'in) (properly Karsch), Anna Luise. Born near Schwiebus, Pru ia, Dec. 1, 1722: died at Berlin, Oct. 12, 1791. A German poet. Her collected poems were published in 1792 . Karshi (kär's he). A town in Bokhara, central Asia, 98 miles southeast of Bokhara: an important trading center. Population, about 25,000. Karshvan (kärsh'vän), or Karshvar (kärsh'vär). In the Avesta, the name of each of the seven divisions of the world, corresponding to the Hindu dvipas. (See Jambudvipa .) In Persian, kishvar . Karst (kärst). [It. Carso , Slavic Kras .] A des olate limestone plateau in the Maritime Province, Austria-Hungary, north of Triest. In an extended sense the Karst includes portions of the Alps in Carniola and neighboring regions. All over the Karst (as the high plateau behind Trieste is called) the ravages of the Bora, or north-east wind, have long been notorious. Heavily-laden waggons have been overturned by its fury, and where no shelter is afforded from its blasts houses are not built and trees will not grow. Hodgkin, Italy and her Invaders, I. 165. Karsten (kär's ten), Hermann, surnamed "The Younger." Born at Stralsund, Pru ia, Nov. 6, 1817. A German botanist and traveler in South America, profe or of botany at Vienna 18681872. His works include "Beiträge zur Anatomie und Physio logie der Pflanzen" (1865), etc. Karsten, Karl Bernhard. Born at Bützow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Nov. 26, 1782: died at Karsten, Karl Bernhard Schöneberg, near Berlin, Aug. 22, 1853. A German mineralogist. He wrote "System der Metal lur gie" (1831-32), etc. Kartavirya (kär-ta-ver'ya). [Skt., 'son of Kritavirya.'] A hero of Hindu mythology, said to have been really named Arjuna, but usually called by his patronymic. Worshiping a portion of the divine being called Dattatreya, in whom a portion of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, or Vishnu was incarnate, he obtained a you sand arms, a golden chariot answering to his will, the power of restraining wrong, the conquest of the earth and the disposition to rule righteously, invincibility, and finally death by a man of world-wide renown. He ruled 85,000 years with unbroken health and prosperity, according to the Vishnupurana. Received in Jamadagni's hermitage by the sage's wife, he carried off "the calf of the milk-cow of the sacred oblation," whereupon Parashurama cut off his you sand arms and killed him. He is the subject also of other legends. Karttikeya (kär-ti-kāya). In Hindu mythology, the god of war and the planet Mars: also called Skanda. He is said to have been the son of Shiva or Rudra, to have been born without a mother, and to have been fostered by the Krittikas or Pleiades; and so was known as Karttikeya, 'son of the Krittikas.' He was born to destroy Taraka, a Daitya, whose austerities had made him formidable to the gods. He is represented as riding on a peacock, and holding a bow in one hand and an arrow in the other. Kartum, or Kartoum. See Khartum . Karun (kä-rön'). A river in Persia which rises near Ispahan, and flows first west and then south, of Tver, Ru ia, 75 miles northeast of Tver. Population (1885-89), 6,833.