Population, 8,122

Westergötland (ves'ter-yet-länd). A former province of Sweden, now divided into the laens of Göteborg, Elfsborg, and Skaraborg. Westerly (wes'ter-li). A town in Washington County, Rhode Island, 37 miles southwest of Providence. Population (1900), 7,541. Westermann (ves-ter-män'), François Joseph. Guillotined 1794. A French Revolutionist and general, distinguished in the Vendean war. Western (wes'tern), Sophia. The heroine of Fielding's novel "Tom Jones," a very bright and attractive character. After various adventures caused by her father's brutal temper, she is reconciled to him and marries Jones. Western, Squire. In Fielding's novel "Tom Jones," a hunting squire of gro speech and ungoverned and brutal temper, the father of the fair Sophia. His redeeming trait is his affection for his daughter, whom, however, he treats in a most tyrannical fashion. But, above all, what shall we say of Squire Western, next to Falstaff the most universally popular of comic creations?. His shrewdne , his avarice, his coarse kind. ne , his sense-defying Jacob it ism, his irresistible un reasonablene ; his brutal anger, making the page which chronicles it shake with oaths, interjections, and screaming interrogations; -loving his daughter as he loves his dogs and horses, and willing to use the whip and the spur the moment she does not obey him with due alacrity, as in the case of his other brutes; and loving himself with a depth of affection, with a disregard of everything else on and over the earth, which touches the pathetic in selfishWhipple, E ays and Reviews. ne . Western Australia (western âs-tralia). state of Australia, bounded by the ocean on the north, west, and south, and by South Australia (with the Northern Territory and Alexander Land) on the east. Capital, Perth. The interior is largely a desert, and is to a great extent unexplored. The largest export is wool. The government is vested in a governor, legislative council (elected since 1893), and legislative a embly. The coasts were visited in the 16th century; a convict settlement was established at King George's Sound in 1825; and free settlements were founded on Swan River about 1829. Area, 975,920 square miles. Population (1899), estimated, 168,480. Western Empire, The. The distinctive designation of the western portion of the Roman world after its division into two independent empires in A. D. 395. See Eastern Empire. Its power very rapidly declined under the inroads of barb a rians and other adverse influences, and it was finally extinguished in 476. See Holy Roman Empire . Western Ghats, See Ghats. Western Islands. See Azores , He brides . Westernorrland (ves'ter-nor-länd), or Her nos and (her'nė-sänd). A laen in northern Sweden. Area, 9,530 square miles. Population (1890), 212,028. Western Reserve. The popular name for that part of Ohio, on Lake Erie, reserved by Connecticut. (See Ohio.It contains Cleveland. Western States. Formerly, the States of the American Union lying west of the Alleghanies. As the country developed, the phrase came to include all the States westward to the Pacific and north of the slave States, although certain States have been cla ed both as Southern and as Western States. The name is very indefinite: sometimes it is restricted to the States west of the Mi i ippi (excluding the so-called Southwest); sometimes it includes the northern part of the entire region from Ohio to California. Wester wald (ves'ter-vält). A region of pla- tea us and low mountains in Pru ia, between the Rhine, the Sieg, and the Lahn. At the northwest end is the Siebengebirge. Highest point, about 2, 200 feet. West field (west'feld). A town in Hampden County, Ma achusetts, 10 miles west of Spring- field. It has manufactures of whips, cigars, etc. Population (1900), 12,310. West Flanders. See Flanders , West. West Francia. See Francia . West Fries land (frēz'land). Aname sometimes given to the province of Fries land, Netherlands. West Gothland. See Westergötland . West Goths. See Visigoths. West Ham (ham). A suburb of London, in Es- sex, 5 miles east-northeast of St. Paul's. Popu- lati on (1901), 267,308. It returns 2 members to Parliament. West Hartlepool (här'tl-pöl). A seaport in Durham, England, opposite East Hartlepool Population (1901), 62,627. West Houghton (hōton). A township in Lan- cashire, England, 14 miles west-northwest of Manchester. Population (1891), 11,077. West India Company, Dutch. See Dutch West India Company . West Indian, The. A comedy by Richard Cumber land (1770). It is considered his best play. Garrick brought it out in 1771. one over the Thames at London. The first bridge was designed by Labelye, a Swi architect. The original plan contemplated a wooden structure, but it was changed stone after the "great frost" of 1739. The piers were built of solid blocks of Portland stone, on cai ons which were the largest that had been constructed up to that time. It was begun in 1739 and completed in 1750. It was 1,220 feet long, 40 feet wide, 58 feet high, and the cen- tral span was 76 feet wide: there were 15 arches. In 1856- 1862 it was replaced by the present stone and iron struc- ture, consisting of 7 iron arches on granite piers, built by Page: it is 1,160 feet long and 85 feet wide. Westminster Hall. A structure adjoining the houses of Parliament on the west, forming part of the ancient palace of Westminster. It was begun by William Rufus, burned at the end of the 13th century, and restored by Edward II. and Richard II. It has a magnificent framed hammer-beam roof, in a single span 68 feet wide: the length is 290 and the height 92. Here sat some of the first English Parlia- ments; here, until George IV., the coronation festivities were held; and here Charles I. was condemned, and Cromwell saluted as Lord Protector. The hall now serves as a vestibule to the houses of Parliament. Below it on the east is the crypt of St. Stephen, or Church of St. Mary Undercroft, a vaulted Pointed chapel, in architecture and decoration somewhat resembling the lower chapel of Sainte Chapelle, Paris: the rich cloisters were built by Henry Westphalian Gate. [L. Porta Westphalica .] The gap, near Minden in Westphalia, by which the Weser breaks through the Weser Moun- tains to the lowlands. West Point (west point). The capital of Clay County, Mi i ippi. Population (1900), 3,193. West Point. A village in Orange County, New York, situated in the Highlands, on the western York: the seat of the United States Military bank of the Hudson, 45 miles north of New Academy. Westminster Palace. 1. The houses of Par- liament.-2. A former royal residence in West- minster. A palace is supposed to have existed at West-West Point. A town in King William County, minster in the reign of Canute (1017-35). Its importance, however, begins with Edward the Confe or (1042-66). Various additions were made by his succe ors until Henry III. (1216-72), in whose reign work was constantly in progre . His palace was richly decorated with pic- tures in oil-color-according to Horace Walpole the first recorded use of that medium. It was repeatedly visited by fire, and in 1512 (reign of Henry VIII.) all the living apartments were destroyed. It was then abandoned by royalty, and not used again until July 18, 1821, when George IV. spent the night before his coronation there. The entire palace, except Westminster Hall, was burned school at Westminster. It was established in the abbey by Henry VIII., and was reëstablished by Elizabeth. West more land (west'mōr-land), or Westmor- land (west'môr-land). [ME. Westmorelond , AS. West mor ing a land , land of the men of the western moors.] England. It is bounded by Cumber land on the west and north, Durham on the northeast, Yorkshire on the east and south, and Lancashire on the south and west, and touches More cam be Bay on the southwest. The surface is largely mountainous in the northwest and northeast. The county includes part of the Lake District, with Winder mere, Ulls- water, Grasmere, and Hawes Water in it or on its borders. The principal town is Kendal. Area, 783 square miles. Population (1891), 66,098. Plymouth. He also sent an unsucce ful colony to We agu ett (Weymouth, Ma achusetts). Teston-super-Mare (wes'ton-super-ma're). A watering-place in Somerset, England, situated on Bristol Channel 18 miles southwest of Bris- tol. Population (1891), 15,873. West-östlicher Divan. A collection of poems on Oriental subjects, by Goethe. Westphalia (west-fa'liä), Duchy of. [F. West- phalie, ML. Westphalia , G. Westfalen , prop. dat. pl. of Westfale , MHG. Westvāle , OHG. Westfalo , an inhabitant of this region.] A duchy which had its origin in the western part of the great deposition of Henry the Lion in 1180 and the breaking up of the Saxon duchy, the Elector of Cologne a umed the title duchy of Westphalia was Arnsberg. In 1803 it was ceded of Duke of Engern and Westphalia. The capital of the to He e-Darmstadt. It was granted in 1815 to Pru ia. Westphalia, Kingdom of. A kingdom formed by Napoleon in 1807, and given to Jerome Bona- parte, under French supervision. It comprised nearly all He e-Ca el, all Brunswick, large parts of Prus- sia and Hannover, parts of Saxony, etc. The capital was Ca el. It was overthrown in 1813, after the battle of Leip- sic, and the old governments were restored. Westphalia, Peace of. The treaties signed at Münster and Osnabrück in 1648 (general peace signed at Münster, Oct. 24, 1648), which ended the Thirty Years' War. Chief provisions: Switzer- land and Holland were declared independent of the Ger man Empire; Sweden received Hither Pomerania, Wismar, the bishoprics of Bremen, Verden, etc., with three votes in the Diet, and an indemnification in money; France re- ceived most of Alsace, and was confirmed in the po es- Further Pomerania, the bishoprics of Halberstadt and Minden, and prospectively that of Magdeburg; Lusatia was confirmed to Saxony, and the Upper Palatinate to Bavaria; the electoral house of the Palatinate recovered the Rhine Palatinate, and a new electorate was created for it; the peace of Augsburg was confirmed, and its pro- visions extended to Calvinists; po e ion of ecclesiastical property was to revert to the condition of affairs in 1624; and autonomy was secured to the states of the German Westphalia, Province of. A province of Prus- sia, surrounded by the Pru ian provinces of West Riding. See Yorkshire . West Ru ia (rush'ä). A collective name for several governments in Ru ia, comprising Kov- no, Minsk, Vitebsk, Mohileff, Vilna, and Grodno. The name sometimes also includes Kieff and Smolensk, or Volhynia and Podolia. West Sea. A name given by the Danes to the Wisconsin, on Lake Superior near Duluth, now West Superior (su-pē'ri-or). A former town in West Troy (troi). A former village in Albany a part of the city of Superior. County, New York, situated on the Hudson op- posite Troy: minus of the Erie and Cham plain canals, and the seater the Watervliet United States arsenal. See Watervliet. West Turkestan. See Turkestan . West Virginia (vėr-jin'i-ä). One of the South Atlantic States of the United States of Amer- ica, extending from lat. 37° 12′ to 40° 38′ Ν., and from long. 77° 40′ to 82°35′ W. Capital, Charleston. It is bounded by Ohio (separated by the Ohio River) on the northwest, Pennsylvania and Mary- land (separated from Maryland in great part by the Poto- mac) on the north, Virginia on the east and south, and Westward for Smelts. A collection of stories on the plan of Boccaccio's "Dec a me rone," ex- cept that the story-tellers are fish wives going up the Thames in a boat. It was written by "Kinde Kit of King stone" about 1603, and reprinted by the Percy Society. Westward Ho! A comedy by Webster and Dekker conjointly, printed in 1607. Westward Ho! or the Voyages and Adven- tures of Sir Amyas Leigh. A novel by Charles Kingsley, published in 1855. West wood (west'wüd), John Obadiah. Born at Sheffield, England, 1805: died at Oxford, Jan. 2,1893. An English entomologist, profe or of zoölogy at Oxford. He published "An Introduction to the Modern Cla ification of Insects" (2 vols. 1839), nu- merous entomological papers, etc. Wetherell (werH'er-el), Elizabeth. The pseu- donym of Susan Warner. IMG:content-1172.png:[blocks in formation] Wetterau (vet'ter-ou). A fertile district in Up major-generals. He fled to America at the Resper He e and the province of He e-Na au in to ration. Pru ia, extending from the neighborhood of Whanghai (hwäng-hi'). The Chinese name of Hanau northward to near Gie en. Wetter horn (vet'ter-horn). A mountain of the Bernese Alps, canton of Bern, Switzerland, situated near Grin del wald 14 miles east-southeast of Interlaken. Highest point, 12,150 feet. Wettern (vet'tern), or Vettern (vet'tern), Lake. Next to Lake Wenern the largest lake in Sweden, situated east-southeast of Lake We. nern. Its outlet is by the Motala Elf to the Baltic. It communicates with Lake Wenern by the Göta Canal. Elevation above sea-level, 290 feet. Length, 80 miles. Area, 733 square miles. Wettersteingebirge (vet'ter-stin-ge-bēr"ge). A group of the Bavarian Alps, situated on the border of Bavaria and Tyrol, about 55 miles southwest of Munich. It contains the Zugspitze, the highest mountain in the German Empire. Wettin (vet-tēn'). A town in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, situated on the Saale 32 miles northwest of Leipsic. It contains the ancestral castle of the Saxon house of Wettin. Population, 3,012. Wetzlar (vets'lär). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the Lahn 33 miles north-northwest of Frankfort-on-the-Main. It was a free imperial city, and was the seat of the Imperial Chamber in the later history of the Empire. The archduke Charles here defeated the French under Jourdan June 15, 1796. The cathedral is a lofty and very picturesque struc ture founded in the 11th century, and variously modified ture founded in the tentury, and variously modified tower in which opens a fine sculptured doorway, and several other portals exhibit excellent details. There is no clearstory, and the lofty traceried windows of the aisles are covered each with a separate gable. Population, 8,144. Wevelinghofen (vā've-ling-hō-fen). A manufacturing town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the Erft 18 miles northwest of Co logne. Near it, June 14, 1648, the Imperialists under Lamboy were defeated by the troops of He e and Weimar under Geisa. Wexford (weks'ford). 1. A county in Leinster, Ireland, bounded by Wicklow, St. George's Channel, Water ford, Kilkenny, and Carlow. Area, 901 square miles. Population (1891), 111,778.-2. A seaport, capital of County Wexford, situated at the mouth of the Slaney, in lat. 52° 20′ N., long. 6° 28′ W. It was the landing-place of the English invaders in 1169; was taken by the rebels in 1611; was stormed by Cromwell in 1649; and was the head quarters of the rebels in 1798. Population (1891), 11,541. Wexford Haven. An inlet of St. George's Channel, situated on the coast of Wexford, Ireland. Wexiö (vek'shē-ė). 1. Alaen in Sweden: same as Kronoberg . 2. The capital of the laen of Kronoberg, Sweden, 58 miles west of Kalmar. It has a cathedral. Population, 6,606. Weyer's Cave (wi'ėrz kāv). A large stalactite cave in August a County, Virginia, northeast of Staunton, in a spur of the Blue Ridge. Weyland Smith. See Way land . Weyler (wi'ler), Valeriano. Born about 1836. A Spanish general. He served in the Car list war and the war against the Moors, and for two years fought for Spain in the Cuban insurrection of 1868-78. He was recalled from Cuba on account of the charges of extreme cruelty made against him, but was sent there again to succeed Campos as captain-general of the Spanish forces in Jan., 1896. He was succeeded by Blanco in Oct., 1897. Weyman (wi'man), Stanley J. Born at Ludlow, Salop, 1855. An English novelist. He was educated at Shrews bury and at Christ Church, Oxford. He was cla ical instructor in the King's School, Chester, 1878; read for the bar, and was called in 1881; and practised until 1890. He first began to write for "The Corn hill" in 1883. Among his novels are "The House of the Wolf" (pub lished serially in 1887, and in book form in 1890), "Francis Cludde" (1891), "The New Rector" (1891), "A Gentleman of France" (1893), "Under the Red Robe" (1894), and "My Lady Rotha" (1894). Weymouth (wa'muth). A town in Norfolk County, Ma achusetts, 12 miles south-southeast of Boston. It has manufactures of boots and shoes, etc. Population (1900), 11,324. Weymouth and Melcombe Regis (wa'muth and mel'kum rējis). A seaport and watering place in Dorset, England, situated on the English Channel, 7 miles south of Dor chester, at the mouth of the Wey. It was the scene of several engagements in the civil war. Population (1891), 13,769. Weyprecht (vī'precht), Karl. Born near Michelstadt (He e), Sept. 8, 1838: died there, March 29, 1881. A German Arctic explorer. In 1871 he went with Payer to Spitz bergen and Nova Zembla, and also 1872-74 with the expedition which discovered Franz Josef Land. He was the originator of the system of international polar stations. Whale, The. See Cetus. Whalley (hwol'i), Edward. Died at Hadley, Ma ., about 1678. An English commander in the civil war, and regicide: one of Cromwell's the Yellow Sea. in the Slave-Trade" (1842). was declared elected in 1877; and served 1877-81. Whistler County, West Virginia, situated in the "Panhandle," on the Ohio River, in lat. 40° 6' N. It is called "the Nail City," from its nail-factories: it has also other manufactures, and an important trade by railroad and by the Ohio. It was the capital of the State 1863-70 and 1875-85. Population (1900), 38,878. Wheelock (hwēʻlok), Eleazar. Born at Windham, Conn., 1711: died at Hanover, N. Η., 1779. An American clergyman and educator, first president of Dart mouth College (1770-79). Wheelock, John. Born at Lebanon, Conn., 1754: died at Hanover, N. H., 1817. An American educator, son of Eleazar Wheelock. He served in the Revolutionary War, and succeeded his father as president of Dart mouth College in 1779. He was removed by the trustees in 1815, and restored in 1817. Whewell (hu'el), William. Born at Lancaster, England, May 24, 1794: died at Cambridge, England, March 6, 1866. A celebrated English scientist and philosopher. He entered Cambridge (Trinity College) in 1812. In 1817 he was elected fellow, and in 1818 mathematical lecturer. From 1828-32 he was profe or of mineralogy, and from 1838-55 of moral theology and casuistical divinity. In 1841 he became master of Trinity College. His works include "Astronomy and General Physics Considered with Reference to Natural Theology" "History of the Inductive Sciences" (1837), "Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences" (1840), "Elements of Morality" (1845), "On the History of Moral Philosophy in England" (1852), "Plurality of Worlds," "Platonic Dialogues for English Readers " (1859-61), "Lectures on Political Economy" (1861). Whidby (hwid'bi). A large island in Puget Sound, Sound, belonging belonging to the State of Washington. Whigs (hwigz), The. [Originally a contemptuous epithet in Scotland, the primary application of which is not now known.] 1. In English history, one of the two great political parties which arose at the end of the 17th century. It may be regarded as succeeding the Round heads, Country party, and Exclusionists (Petitioners). It profe ed more liberal principles than the Tory party, and favored and defended the revolution of 1688, Parliamentary control, and the Han over i an succe ion. The great Whig families controlled the government for many years from the beginning of the reign of George I. Among the later leaders were Fox and Burke. About the time of the Reform Bill of 1832 (which the Whigs favored) the name began to be replaced by Liberal. (See Liberal .) Sometimes the more conservative members of the Liberal party are still called Whigs. 2. The patriotic or American party during the Revolutionary period.-3. An American political party formed under the leadership of Henry Clay, and known until about 1834 as the National Republican. It favored a loose construction of the Constitution, and supported a high protective tariff and internal improvements. Its presidents were Harrison and Tyler (1841-45) and Taylor and Fill more (1849-53). It became divided on the slavery question, lost the elec tion of 1852, and soon after disappeared. Whipple (hwip'l), Edwin Percy. Born at Gloucester, Ma ., March 8, 1819: died at Boston, June 16, 1886. An American critic and e ayist. He was employed in a bank and in a broker's office at Boston; and 1837-60 was superintendent of the reading-room of the Merchants' Exchange. He became noted as a lecturer. His works include "E ays and Reviews" (2 vols. 1848-49), "Literature and Life" (1849), "Character and Characteristic Men" (1866), "Literature of the Age of Elizabeth" (1869), etc. Whiskerandos (hwis-kėr-an'dōz), Don Ferolo. A character in the tragedy rehearsed in Sheridan's "Critic": a burlesque tragedy type. Whisky Insurrection or Rebellion. An outbreak in the four western counties of Pennsylvania, in 1794, against the enforcement of an act of Congre of 1791 imposing an excise duty on all spirits distilled within the United States, and on stills. A large body of militia, under Governor Lee of Virginia, was sent by Washington to the disturbed district, but the insurrection was suppre ed without bloodshed. Whisky Ring. A conspiracy of distillers and United States government officials, formed to defraud the government of the excise taxes. It existed about 1872-75. Whistle craft(hwis'l-kråft), William and Robert. A pseudonym of John Hookham Frere. He wrote a "Prospectus and Specimen of an intended Na tional Work, by William and Robert Whistle craft, of Stow market, in Suffolk, Harne and Collar Makers, intended to comprise the most interesting Particulars relating to King Arthur and his Round Table." In this work he in troduced the bernesque style into the English language. Byron, when sending "Beppo" to his publisher, writes: "I have written a poem humorous, in or after the excellent manner of Mr. Whistle craft, and founded on a Venetian anecdote which amused me. Whistle craft is my im mediate model, but Berni is the father of that kind of writing; which, I think, suits our language, too, very well." Whistler (hwis'lėr), James Abbott McNeill. Born at Lowell, Ma ., 1834: died at London. July 17, 1903. A distinguished American painter and etcher. He attended the West Point Academy 1851-54, and later studied art in Paris under Gleyre. He removed to London in 1863, and in 1886 waz elected president of the Society of British Artists. He Whistler is especially noted for his etchings. His paintings include various portraits, and "The White Girl" (1862), "Portrait of my Mother" (1872), "Nocturne in Blue and Gold" and "Nocturne in Blue and Green" (1878), "Harmony in Gray and Green" (1881), etc. He wrote "The Gentle Art of Making Enemies" (1890), etc. Whiston (hwis'ton), William. Born at Norton, Leicestershire, England, Dec. 9, 1667: died at London, Aug. 22, 1752. An English theologian and mathematician, succe or of Newton as profe or of mathematics at Cambridge, but expelled for Arianism. He wrote "New Theory of the Earth" (1696), "Primitive Christianity Revived" (1711), "St. Clement's and St. Irenæus's Vindication of the Apostolical Constitutions" (1716), "Sir Isaac Newton's Mathe matical Philosophy Demonstrated" (1716), works on mathematics, Arianism, prophecy, the Scriptures, a life of Samuel Clarke, autobiography (1749-50), and a translation of Joseph us (1737). Whitby (hwit'bi). A seaport and watering place in Yorkshire, England, situated at the mouth of the Esk in the North Sea, in lat. 54° 29′ N., long. 0° 37′ W.: the Saxon Streonshalh. It has manufactures of jet ornaments and important fisheries and trade; and was formerly noted for ship-building. It is a fashionable seaside resort. The famous abbey was founded in the 7th century, though the existing remains date from between the 12th and the 14th. The ruins of the church are picturesque and architecturally interesting. The clearstory windows are small, but the other openings are of good size. The town grew up around the monastery. Population (1891), 13,274. Whitby. The capital of Ontario County, Ontario, Canada, situated on Lake Ontario 30 miles east northeast of Toronto. Population (1901), 2,110. Whitby, Daniel. Born at Rushden, North amp tons hire, 1638: died at Salisbury, March 24, 1726. An English theologian. He graduated at Trinity College, Oxford, in 1657. In 1672 he was rector at St. Edmunds, Salisbury. His attempt to reconcile the Anglican Church and the Di enters excited the wrath of the clergy: his book "The Protestant Reconciler" (1683) was burned at Oxford, and he was forced to recant. He wrote controversial works against Roman Catholicism, and others relating to Arianism, Arm in i an ism, etc. Whitby, Synod or Council of. An ecclesiastical council held at Whitby in 664, under the leadership of Oswy, king of Nor thumb ria, to decide the Easter and tonsure questions. It resulted in the triumph of the Roman party as against the Celtic. White (hwit), Andrew Dicks on. Born at Homer, N. Y., Nov. 7, 1832. An American educator, historian, and politician. He graduated at 1853; studied in Europe, and was attaché of leg a tion in Ru ia; was profe or of history and English literature in the University of Michigan 1857-62; was State senator in New York 1863-66; and was one of the organ izers of Cornell University and its first president (1867-85). From 1879 to 1881 he was United States minister, and 18971902 amba ador, to Germany. In 1871 he was commi ioner to Santo Domingo, and minister to Ru ia 1892-94. Among his works are "Lectures on Medieval and Modern History" (1861), "Warfare of Science" (1876), "The New Germany" (1882), "Studies in General History" (1885). White, Babington. A pseudonym of Mi Braddon (Mrs. Maxwell). White, Gilbert. Born at Selborne, Hampshire, England, July 18, 1720: died there, June 20, 1793. An English naturalist. He was educated at Oriel College, Oxford, and became a fellow there; and was curate at Selborne and elsewhere. He is famous for his "Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne" (1789). His "Naturalists' Calendar" was edited by Aikin in 1795. White, Henry Kirke. Born at Nottingham, England, March 21, 1785: died at Cambridge, England, Oct. 19, 1806. An English poet. He was the son of a butcher, and was apprenticed to an attorney at the age of 15. He published a volume of poems in 1803, and in 1804 secured a sizarship at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he died from overstudy. His “Remains" and biography were published by Southey in 1807. White, Hugh Lawson. Born in Iredell County, N. C., 1773: died at Knoxville, Tenn., April 10, 1640. An American statesman. He was State senator in Tenne ee; judge of the Tenne ee Supreme Court; and United States senator from Tenne ee 1825-40. He received 26 electoral votes as Whig candidate for Presi dent in 1836. White, John. Born 1590: died 1645. An English lawyer and doctor of medicine: called "Century White" from his "First Century of Scandalous, Malignant Priests" (1643). He drew up the first charter of the Ma achusetts colony. White, Joseph Blanco. Born at Seville, July 22, 1822: died there, April 8, 1885. An American e ayist, critic, and Shaksperian scholar. He was educated at the University of the City of New York; studied law; became noted as a musical and art critic; was editor of the New York "Courier and Enquirer"; and later was connected with the United States revenue bureau in New York. He wrote "Appeal from the Sentence of the Bishop [Onderdonk] of New York" (1845), "Handbook of Christian Art" (1853), "Shakspere's Scholar" (1854), "Authorship of the 3 Parts of Henry VI." (1859), "National Hymns" (1861), a satire "The New Gospel of Peace" (1863), "Memoirs of the Life of William Shakspere" (1865), "Poetry of the Civil War” (1866), “Words and Their Uses" (1870), "Every-day English" (1880), "England Without and Within" (1881), a novel "The Fate of Mans field Humphreys" (1884), "Studies in Shakspere" (1885). He edited Shakspere's plays 1857-65, and in 1883. White League, The with the Methodists; was ordained deacon in 1736; visited Georgia in 1738, returning to England in the same year to be ordained a priest; began open-air preaching at Bristol with great effect; again visited America 1739-41, preaching in New England, New York, Georgia, and elsewhere; separated from Wesley on doctrinal points in 1741 (White field retaining his rigid Calvin ism and Wesley leaning toward Arm in i an ism); preached throughout Great Britain; was in America for the third time 1744-48 (and several times later); and became chaplain to the Counte of Hunting don. He returned to America for the last time in 1769, and died there. White friars (hwit'frī"ärz). A district in London, named from an order of Carmelites established there in 1241. The first monastery of the order in England was founded by Ralph Freshburne near Aterwich, North umber land, in 1224. (See Alsatia .) In 1580 the. White friars' Monastery was given up to a company of players, and known as White friars' Theatre. It was not used after 1616. White, Stanford. Born at New York, Nov. 9, 1853. An American architect and decorator, son of R. G. White. He has designed the Washington Arch (New York city), the Madison Square Garden, the base of St. Gaudens's statue of Farragut in Madison Square, and many buildings. White, William. Born at Philadelphia, April 4, 1748: died there, July 17, 1836. A bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was one of the organizers of the Episcopal Church in the United States, and was elected first bishop of Pennsylvania in 1786, and consecrated in London in 1787. He wrote "The Case of the Episcopal Churches Considered" (1782), "Lec- tures on the Catechism" (1813), "Comparative View of the Controversy between the Calvinists and the Arminians" (1817), "Memoirs of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States" (1820), etc. White boys (hwit'boiz). The members of an illegal agrarian a ociation, formed in Ireland land, originally built by White hall (hwīt'hal). In modern London, the main thoroughfare between Trafalgar Square and the houses of Parliament. It is 150 feet wide, and pa es through the great courtyard of the old White- hall Palace. It contains on either side the administrative offices of the imperial government. about the year 1761, whose object was “to do justice to the poor by restoring the ancient com- mons and redre ing other grievances” ( Lecky ). The members of the a ociation a embled at night with white frocks over their other clothes (whence the name), threw down fences and leveled inclosures (being hence also called Levelers), and destroyed the property of harsh landlords or their agents, the Protestant clergy, the tithe- collectors, and any others who had made themselves ob- noxious to the a ociation. Whitecaps (hwit'kaps). In the United States, a self-constituted body or committee of per- sons who, in Indiana and other States, generally under the guise of rendering service or protec- uise of rend tion to the community in which they dwell, commit various outrages and lawle acts. White chapel (hwit'cha hey dwell, (hwit'chap"el). A quarter in the eastern part of London, inhabited by the poorer cla es and by criminals: so called from White chapel Road. White chapel Murders. A series of extra or dinary dinary and atrocious murders, committed in London, especially in White chapel, by an unknown person, popularly called "Jack the Rip per," about 1889. The victims were in all cases fallen women. White Company, The. [F. La Compagnie Blanche .].] A band of a a ins organized in Toulouse in the 13th century by "the ferocious Folquet," bishop of Toulouse. He marched at their head, ma acring all who were suspected of favoring heretical opinions. This company joined the army of Simon de Montfort when he besieged Toulouse. The name was also a umed by a band of freebooters (the "Grand Com. panies") led by Bertrand du Guesclin in 1366, from the white cro which each wore on his shoulder. He was ransomed from English captivity for the purpose of rid ding France of these adventurers. He placed himself at their head and led them out of the country into Spain. The name was also given, probably on account of their equipment, to another band of adventurers led by Sir John Hawkwood, who ravaged the northern part of Italy with them in the 14th century. White Czar, or White King, The. An epithet of the Czar of Ru ia. White Devil, The, or Vittoria Corombona. A tragedy by Webster, first acted in 1607 or 1608. It was printed in 1612. See Corombona. But when these criticisms and others are made, "The White Devil" remains one of the most glorious works of the period. Vittoria is perfect throughout; and in the justly lauded trial scene she has no superior on any stage. Bracchiano is a thoroughly lifelike portrait of the man who is completely besotted with an evil woman. n. Flamineo I have spoken of, and not favourably: yet in literature, if not in life, he is a triumph; and, above all, the absorbing tragic interest of the play, which it is impo ible to take up without finishing, has to be counted in. But the real charm of The White Devil" is the wholly miraculot 11, 1775: died at Liverpool, May 20, 1841. An English author and clergyman. In 1799 he was or- dained a Roman Catholic priest. In 1810 he went to Eng nickname of Scanderbeg. Saints bury , Hist. of Elizabeth an Lit., p. 275. White Devil of Wall a chia, The. A Turkish land and took the English Church, but afterward became a Unorders in te edited "El Espanol" in London White Elephant, Land of the. Siam. (1810-14), and ariote "Letters from Spain" (1822), "Evi Whiteface (hwit'fas) Mountain. A peak of dence against Catholicism" (1825), "Poor Man's Preservative against Popery" (1825), "Second Travels of an Irish Gentleman (1833), the famous sonnet man in Search of a Religion and White field (hwit'feld), George. Born at Glou Thom (1845). the A dir on dacks, in E ex County, New York, near Lake Placid. Height, about 4,870 feet. cester, England, land, Dec. 27, 1714: died at New White hall (hwīt'hal). A village in Washing-. ton County, New York, situated at the southern end of Lake Cham plain, 65 miles north by east of Albany, at the terminus of the Cham plain Canal. It has an important trade in lumber. Population (1900), 4,377. White hall Palace. A palace in London, Engby Hubert de Burgh in the reign of Henry III. It became the residence of the archbishops of York in 1248, and was called York Place for three centuries. It should not be confounded with York House. It escheated to the crown under Henry VIII. In 1615 it was nearly destroyed by fire, and James I. undertook to rebuild the palace, but only the existing banqueting-hall, designed by Inigo Jones, was finished at the opening of the civil war. The remainder of the old palace has since disappeared. The banqueting-hall is one of the best examples of the Palladian style, 111 by 55 feet, and 551⁄2 high. The ceiling is covered with paintings by Rubens representing the Apotheosis of James I., incidents in the life of Charles I., and allegories of Peace, Plenty, and similar subjects. Through an opening broken in the wall between the upper and the lower central windows Charles L. walked to the scaffold. The banqueting-hall was turned into a chapel by George I., but has never been consecrated. It is called "the Chapel Royal of White hall," and was dismantled in 1890. White Hart, The. A noted tavern in South wark, London. White haven (hwit'havn). A seaport in Cumber land, England, situated near the entrance to Solway Firth, in lat. 54° 33′ N., long. 3°35′ W. It has coal-mines and varied manufactures, and exports coal, iron, etc. Population (1891), 18,044. Whitehead (hwit'hed), Charles. Born at London, 1804: died at Melbourne, 1862. An English poet and writer. He published "The Solitary" (1831), and "Autobiography of Jack Ketch" (1834). The "Pickwick Papers" were written by Dickens at his sug. gestion. In 1857 he went to Melbourne. Whitehead, William. Born at Cambridge, 1715: died April 14, 1785. An English poet, the succe or of Colley Cibber as poet laureate. He was educated at Winchester and Cambridge (Clare Hall). In 1742 he became a fellow of Clare, and in 1751 poet laureate. He wrote the tragedies "A Roman Father" and "Creusa," and the comedy "A School for Lovers," etc. White Horse, Vale of the. A valley in Berks hire, England, west of Abingdon. See White Horse of Berks hire . White Horse of Berks hire, The. A rude figure of a horse made by cutting away the turf on an escarpment of the Chalk Downs near Wantage, Berks hire, England: traditionally as cribed to Alfred the Great. There are others. The White Horse of Uffington, in Berks hire, occupies about an acre of ground, and may be seen from some points of view at a distance of twelve miles. Woodward , Geology of England and Wales, 2d ed., p. 421. White House (hwit hous). A locality on the Pamunkey River, Virginia, east of Richmond: a prominent point in the movements against Richmond in the Civil War. White House, The. See Washington (city). White Huns (hunz). An ancient people, probably of the Turkish race, who lived in central Asia. They were probably ancestors of the Turkomans. White Lady. 1. In German folk-lore, the ancient Teutonic godde Holda or Berchta, who was the receiver of the souls of maidens and children, and who still exists as the White Lady, not unfrequently, in German legends, transforming herself, or those whom she decoys into her home, into a white mouse. Baring - Gould , Curious Myths of the Middle Ages, p. 463. — 2. See Agnes of Meran . clergyman, one of the founders of Methodism: 1704. The first white child born in New England. celebrated as a pulpit orator. He was educated tion in Louisiana, in the period succeeding the Civil War, formed for the purpose of securing white supremacy.-2. The Ku-Klux Klan. Whitelocke Whitelocke (hwit'lok), Bulstrode. Born at London, Aug. 2, 1605: died at Clifton, Wilts hire, 1676. An English statesman, son of Sir James Whitelocke (justice of the King's Bench). In 1620 he entered St. John's College, Oxford; in 1626 was member of Parliament for Stafford; and sat in the Long Parliament for Great Marlow. He succeeded in maintaining a moderate or neutral position through the civil Commonwealth, and Restoration. In 1645 he was appointed a commi ioner to treat with the king at Uxbridge. He committed himself neither to the Independents nor to the Presbyterians, and had nothing to do with the king's trial and execution. In 1653 he was amba ador to Sweden, and in 1659 was commi ioner of the great seal. He was pardoned at the Restoration. He wrote "Memorials of English Affairs" (1682). White Mountain. [G. Wei er Berg .] A hill near Prague, about 1,200 feet in height. Here, Nov. 8, 1620, the Imperialists under Tilly and Maximilian of Bavaria defeated the elector Frederick V. of the Palati nate. White Mountain Apache. See Coyotero . White Mountains. A group of mountains in New Hampshire, belonging to the Appal a chi an system. It comprises the Presidential range, or White Mountains proper (Mounts Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Clay, and others), the Franc on i a range (Mount Lafayette and others), and other le er heights. Highest point, Mount Washington (6,290 feet), They are a popular summer resort. White Mountains. A name sometimes given to the Little Car path i ans between Moravia and Hungary. White Oak Swamp. A locality east of Richmond, the scene of part of the battle of June 30, 1862, and of the Seven Days' Battles. White Plains. A village in West chester County, New York, 22 miles north-northeast of New York. A victory was gained there by the British under Howe over the Americans under Washington, Oct. 28, 1776. Population (1900), 7,899. White River. 1. A river in Arkansas and the southern part of Mi ouri, which joins the Arkansas and Mi i ippi near the junction of those rivers. Length, about 800 miles; navigable to Batesville or Jackson port.-2. Ariver in Indiana, formed by the East and West Forks. It joins the Wabash 25 miles southwest of Vincennes. Indianapolis is on the West Fork. Length, about 350 miles, including the West Fork. White River Junction. A railroad junction in Vermont, at the entrance of the White River into the Connecticut, 32 miles east of Rutland. White Rose of Raby. An epithet of the mother of Edward IV. of England. In 1794 a novel with this title was published. White Ru ia (rush'ä). A popular but not official name for a part of western Ru ia largely inhabited by White Ru ians. It includes, in whole or in great part, the governments of Vilna, Grod. no, Mohileff, Minsk, Smolensk, and Vitebsk. Formerly it belonged to Poland. White's (hwits). A noted club in St. James's street, London, established in 1698 as a chocolate-house, and called after the name of its keeper. It was from the beginning principally, a gambling club. Whites, The. See Bianchi. White Sea. An arm of the Arctic Ocean which penetrates about 400 miles into northern Ru ia. Its chief branches are the Gulfs of Mezen, Archangel (or Dwina), Onega, and Handalakhe hair zen, Dwina, Onega, and Wyg. It is frozen more than half the year. White Sheep, The. The Turkoman conquerors of Persia about 1468. White Sulphur Springs. A village and watering-place in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, 60 miles northwest of Lynchburg: one of the most noted summer resorts in the South. White Surrey. The favorite horse of Rich ard III. White Tower. The oldest portion of the Tower of London (which see). Whit field, George. See White field . Whit field (hwit feld), or White field, John Clarke. Born at Gloucester, Dec. 13. 1770: died at Here ford, Feb. 22, 1836. An English musician. In 1793 he received the degree of Mus. B. at Cambridge. In 1795 he became organist of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin; in 1798 organist of Trinity and St. John's colleges, Cambridge; and in 1820 organist of Here ford cathedral. Later he was profe or of music in Cam bridge. He edited Handel's oratorios. Whitgift (hwit'gift), John. Born at Great Grimsby, Lincol Lincoln shire, England, 1530 (1533): died at London, Feb. 29, 1604. An English sister of Mrs. Siddons. ference in 1604. His works were edited for the Parker Society 1851-53. Whitlock (hwit'lok), Mrs. (Eliza Kemble). Born 1761: died 1836. An English actre , Whitman (hwit'man), Marcus. Born at Rushville, N. Y., Sept. 4, 1802: died near Walla Walla, Oregon, Nov. 29, 1847. An American pioneer. In 1836 he went to Oregon for the American Board as mi ionary physician. Convinced of the value of the country, he returned (1842-43) to Washington, and by his representations practically succeeded in securing Oregon for the United States. To prove its acce ibility to settlers, he led back in the same year a large train of wagons to the valley of the Columbia. He was murdered by Indians. Whitman (hwit'man), Mrs. (Sarah Helen Power). Born at Providence, R. I., 1803: died there, June 27, 1878. An American poet and critic. About 1848 she became engaged to Edgar Allan Poe, and, though the engagement was broken off, defended him in her "Edgar A. Poe and his Critics" (1860). She also wrote "Hours of Life, and other Poems" (1853), and various poems with her sister Anna M. Power. Whitman, Walt or Walter. Born at West Hills, Hills, Long Long Island, N. Y., May 31, 1819: died at Camden, N. J., March 26, 1892. An American poet. In early life he was engaged as a printer, carpenter, and journalist. During the Civil War he volunteered as army nurse, and in 1864 was seized with hospital malaria, from which he never fully recovered. After the war he was a government clerk in Washington; and was dis mi ed in 1865, on account of the character of his volume of poems "Leaves of Gra ," which had been published in 1855. The volume has many times been revised, a final edition appearing in 1892. Shortly after his dismi al he received another appointment which he held until disabled by paralysis in 1873, when he removed to Camden. William Douglas O'Connor published a pamphlet in his defense in 1866, entitled "The Good Gray Poet: A Vindication," and W. M. Ro etti published an edition of his poems in England in 1868. His other works include "Drum-Taps" (1865), "Memoranda During the War" (1875), "Democratic Vistas" (1871), "Two Rivulets" (1876), "Specimen Days and Collect" (1883), "November Boughs" (1888), "Goodbye, my Fancy" (1891), and "Selected Poems." A complete collection of his prose works and "Auto biograph i a" was pub lished in 1892. Wichert Carlyle. His works include numerous contributions to the "Journal of the American Oriental Society" and other pa pers; a translation of the "Surya Siddhanta" (1860), an "Language and the Study of Language" (1867), "German edition of the "Pratiçakhya" of the "Atharva Veda" (1862), Grammar" (1869), "German Reader," an edition of the "Taittiriya Pratiçakhya" (1871), "Oriental and Linguistic Studies (1872-74), "Life and Growth of Language" (1875), "E entials of English Grammar" (1877), "Sanskrit Grammar" (1879), "French Grammar" (1886), etc. He also was editor-in-chief of "The Century Dictionary" (1889–91), and aided in the revision of Webster's Dictionary (1864). Whittier (hwit'i-er), John Green leaf. Born at Haver hill, Ma ., Dec. 17,1807: died at Hampton Falls, N. H., Sept. 7, 1892. A distinguished American poet, reformer, and author: a member of the Society of Friends. He attended the Haver hill Academy; worked on a farm; taught school in order to afford further education and at the age of twenty-two edited the "American Manufacturer" at Boston. In 1830 he edited the "Haver hill Gazette," and a few months later the "New England Weekly Review" (Hartford). He was a leading opponent of slavery; became secretary of the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1836; and went to Philadelphia, where he edited the "Penn sylvan i a Freeman." He was several times attacked by mobs on account of his opinions. He was sent to the Ma achusetts legislature in 1835-36, and settled at Am Amesbury, Ma achusetts, in 1840. He was leading writer for the Washington "National Era" 1847-59. Among his works are "Legends of New England" (1831), Pitcher" (1832), "Mogg Megone" (1836), "Ballads" (1838), "Lays of My Home, and other Poems" (1843), "The Stranger in Lowell" (1845), "Supernaturalism in New England" (1847), "Leaves from Margaret Smith's Journal" (1849), "The Voices of Freedom" (1849), "Old Portraits and Modern Sketches" (1850), "Songs of Labor" (1850), "The Chapel of the Hermits" (1853), "Literary Recreations and Miscellanies" (1854), "The Panorama" (1856), "Home Ballads and Poems" (1860), "In War Time" (1863), "National Lyrics" (1865), "Snow-Bound" (1866), "Maud Muller" (1866), "The Tent on the Beach" (1867), "Among the Hills" (1868), "Ballads of New England" (1869), "Miriam" (1871), "The Penn. sylvan i a Pilgrim" (1872), "Hazel Blo oms" (1874), "Mabel Martin" (1875), "The Vision of Echard" (1878), "The King's Mi ive" (1881), "The Bay of the Seven Islands" (1883), "Poems of Nature" (1886), "St. Gregory's Guest" (1886). Complete works, prose and verse, in 7 vols. (18881889), revised by the author. Whittington (hwit'ing-ton). A town in Derby shire, England, 9 miles south by east of Shef Whitney (hwit'ni), Mrs. (Adeline Dutton Train). Born at Boston, Ma ., Sept. 15, 1824. An American novelist, poet, and writer of jufield. Population (1891), 8,798. veniles. Her novels include "Boys at Chequa et" (1862), Whittington, Sir Richard. Born about 1358: "Faith Gartney's Girlhood" (1863), "The Gayworthys" (1865), "A Summer in Leslie Gold thwaite's Life" (1866), "Patience Strong's Outings" (1868), "Hitherto" (1869), "Real Folks” (1871), "Sights and Insights" (1876), "Odd or Even" (1880), "Bonny borough" (1885), "Ascutney Street" (1891), A Golden Go ip" (1892). She has published also several volumes of poems. Whitney (hwit'ni), Eli. Born at West borough, Ma ., Dec. 8, 1765: died at New Haven, Conn., Jan. 8, 1825. An American inventor and manufacturer. He graduated at Yale in 1792, and in the same year went to Georgia as a teacher, and there invented the cotton-gin. His workshop was broken into and his machine stolen and others made before he could secure a patent. He subsequently made a fortune in the manufacture of firearms at Whitneyville, near New Haven. Whitney, Josiah Dwight. Born at North amp ton, Ma ., Nov. 23, 1819: died Aug. 19, 1896. A distinguished American geologist. He graduated Hampshire survey 1840-42; studied and traveled in Europe was connected geologist with the New 1842-47; was a istant geologist of the United States sur of the Lake Superior region 1847-49; became State chemist of Iowa and profe or in Iowa State University in 1855; was connected with the State surveys of Wisconsin and Illinois 1858-60; was State geologist of California 1860-74; and became profe or of geology at Harvard in 1865. With J. W. Foster he published reports on the Lake Superior survey (1849 and 1850–51); with James Hall reports on the Geological Survey of Iowa (1858-59) and on that of Wis cons in (1862). He also wrote "The Metallic Wealth of etc." (1854), "Geological Survey of California" (1864-70), "The Yosemite Guide-Book (1869) "Barometric Hypsometry" (1874), a volume on the botany of California (1877), "Names and Places" (1888), etc. Whitney, Mount. [Named from Prof. J. D. Whitney.] A peak of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, on the border of Inyo and Tulare counties, California, about lat. 36° 35' N.: thought to be the highest mountain in the United States. Height, 14,897 feet. Whitney, William Collins. Born at Conway, bach in Dü eldorf. He was elected national academician in 1861, and president in 1874. Whit worth (hwit' werth). A village in Lan- cashire, England, situated on the Spodden 12 miles north of Manchester. Pop. (1891), 9,766. Whit worth, Sir Joseph. Born at Stock port, England, 1803: died 1887. An English inventor and manufacturer, noted éspecially for his breech-loading cannon and riffes. Whydah (hwid'), or Widah (wid'ä). The chief seaport of Dahomey, Africa, situated on a lagoon near the coast, about long. 2o 5′ Ε. of the navy 1885-89. Whitney, William Dwight. Born at North amp ton, Ma ., Feb. 9,1827: died at New Haven, Conn., June 7, 1894. A distinguished American philologist, brother of J. D. Whitney. He graduated at Williams College in 1845; was employed in a bank his novels are "Digby Grand" (1853), "Kate Coventry (1856), "The Interpreter" (1858), "Holmby House" (1860), "Good for Nothing" (1861), "The Queen's Marys" (1862), prelate. In 1563 he became Lady Margaret profe or of divinity at Cambridge; in 1567 regius profe or and master of Trinity; and in 1570 vice-chancellor of the uni versity. He was appointed bishop of Worcester in 1577, and archbishop of Canterbury in 1583. He was a persecuation. He was also member of many learned societies, tor of the Puritans; was one of the authors of the "Lam and was a foreign knight of the Pru ian order Pour le beth Articles"; and took part in the Hampton Court Con- Mérite, filling the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas "Sar chedon" (1871), "Satanella" (1873), "Uncle John "(1874), "Katerfelto" (1875), "Roy's Wife" (1878), "Black but Katerfeltos79) Wichert (vēʻchert), Ernst Alexander August Georg. Born at Insterburg, East Pru ia, March 11, 1831: died at Berlin, Jan. 21, 1902. A German dramatist and novelist. His works in clude the novels "Das grüne Thor," "Ein starkes Herz コ Wichert "He in rich von Plauen," "Der gro e Kurfürst in Preus sen," and the dramas "Der Narr des Glücks," "Ein Schritt vom Wege," "Die Real is ten," etc. Wichita (we'che-tä). A'confederacy of the Caddoan family of North American Indians. They formerly lived on and near the Washita River, Arkansas, and the Washita (False Washita) River, Oklahoma; their present habitat is on the Wichita reservation, Oklahoma. The confederacy consists of seven tribes, of which the principal are the Wichita, Towakarehu, and Weeko. See Caddoan . Wichita (wich'i-tä). [From the Indian name.] The capital of Sedgwick County, Kansas, situated on the Arkansas River 130 miles southwest of Topeka. It is an important railway center. Population (1900), 24,671. Wick (wik). A seaport, capital of the county of Caithne , Scotland, situated on the North Sea in lat. 58° 27′ N. It is an important fishing port (especially for herrings). Population (1891), 8,512. Wick field (wik'feld), Agnes. The daughter of Mr. Wick field the solicitor, and second wife of David Copper field, in Dickens's novel of that name. Wickliffe, John. See Wyclif . Wickliffites. See Wyclifites . Wicklow (wikʻlō). 1. A county in Leinster, Ireland, bounded by Dublin, St. George's Channel, Wexford, Carlow, and Kildare. It is traversed by a range of hills. Area, 781 square miles. Population (1891), 62,136.-2. The capital of County Wicklow, situated on St. George's Channel 28 miles south-southeast of Dublin. Popu lati on (1891), 3,273. Wiclif. See Wyclif . Widdin, or Widin (vid'in). A town in Bulgaria, situated on the Danube in lat. 43° 59′ N., long. 22° 52′ E., on the site of the Roman Bononia. It was formerly an important fortre , and has a flourishing river trade. The Turks were defeated there by the Imperialists in 1689. It was a strategic point in the Crime an war, the Servian rebellion (1876), and the Ru oTurkish war (1877-78); and was succe fully attacked by the Servians in 1885. Population (1888), 14,772.