Tanganyika into the Kongo system

Luleå (löʻle-a"). The capital of the laen of Norrbotten, Sweden, situated on the Gulf of Bothnia, at the mouth of the Luleå Elf, about lat. 65° 36′ N., long. 22°10′ E. It has trade in timber. Population (1891), 5,032. Luleå Elf. A river in northern Sweden which flows into the Gulf of Bothnia. Length, about 200 miles. Lules (lö'les). A South American Indian tribe, formerly inhabiting the plains of the Gran Chaco, west of the river Paraná, about lat. 30° S. The Jesuit Barcena preached to them in 1690, and wrote a grammar of their language, which he called Tonicote. Since that time the tribe has disappeared, and is either extinct or is known by some other name. Po ibly the modern Vilelas are descended from it. Lule (lö'le) stock. The name given by some ethnologists to a group of South American Indian tribes of the Chaco region. The Vilelas, Mataras, the ancient Lules, and others are included in it. The tribes are very imperfectly known, and the proposed cla ification is doubtful. Lully, or Lulli (lü-lē'), Giovanni Battista. Born at Florence, 1633: died at Paris, March 22, 1687. A noted French composer, chiefly of operas. He was the founder of the French grand opera. Lully (lul'i), Raymond. [L. Raimundus Lullus .] Born at Palma, Balearic Islands, about 1235: died on his return from Africa, June 30, 1315. A Spanish scholastic and alchemist, mi ionary to the Mohammedans. His mi ionary labors led him to Asia, and several times to Africa. He was the author of a system of logic, "Ars Magna," and of many other works. mutinied; and in 1561 the enterprise was abandoned. Luna went to Havana, and thence returned to Mexico in 1562. Lund (lönd). A city in the laen of Malmöhus, Sweden, situated 9 miles northeast of Malmö and 23 miles east of Copenhagen: the medieval Londinum Gothorum. The cathedral, reputed the finest church in Scand in a via, was built about the middle of the 11th century, and has been well restored. In style it is Romanesque, with a group of 5 towers and a semicircular apse. The remarkable crypt contains a monumental well. The university was founded in 1668, and has about 600 students. Lund is an important medieval city; was the seat of an archbishopric from 1104 to 1536; and was the scene of a defeat Danes by the Swedes in 1676, and of a treaty between Denmark and Sweden in 1679. It was frequently a royal residence, and was the place where Tegner lived. Population (1891), 15,091. Lund, Peter William. Born at Copenhagen, Denmark, June 14, 1801: died at Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, Brazil, May 5, 1880. A Danish naturalist. He traveled in Brazil from 1827 to 1830, and returned to that country in 1831 on a scientific mi ion from the government of Ru ia. In 1834 he fixed his residence at Lagoa Santa, and the remainder of his life was pa ed in the exploration of the numerous limestone caves of Minas Geraes, and the study of the fo il (Quaternary) animals found in them. Of these he discovered several hundred species. Lunda (lön'dä). A great Bantu nation and kingdom, recently divided between Portuguese Angola and the Kongo State. Muata-Yamvua, the ruler of Lunda, was at one time the head of an empire extending from the Kuango River to the Lualaba, including, at the extreme northwest and southeast, the va al states of Muene Putu Ka ongo and Muata Cazembe, and in the southwest the Kioko nation. The Lunda tribe occupies the basins of the upper Ka ai and Lulua. They have a fine physique, like the Baluba, and are friendly to the whites, but are lazy and given to slave-trading. Weakened by feuds, they are victimized by the Makioko, their nominal va als, and are powerle to resist the encroachments of the whites. The Lunda language differs little in structure from Kimbundu, the language of Angola. Lundy (lun'di) Island. A small island in the Bristol Channel, 27 miles west-northwest of Barn staple, Devons hire, England. Lundy's Lane (lun'diz lān). A road leading westward from Niagara River, near Niagara Falls. Here, July 25, 1814, a battle was fought (called also the battle of Bridge water or of Niagara) between the Americans (2,600) under Brown and the British (4,500) un- IMG:content-0636.png:[blocks in formation] pality, now a government district in the eastern part of the province of Hannover, Pru ia. The surface is generally level. It was the ancient inher itance of the Welf family. The duchy of Lüneburg grew into the electorate (later the kingdom) of Hannover (which see). 2. The capital of Lüneburg, situated on the Ilmenau 26 miles southeast of Hamburg. It has manufactures of salt and cement. It is an ancient Hanse town. The War of Liberation opened here with a defeat of the French under Morand, April 2, 1813. Population (1890), 20,327. Lüneburg Heath, G. Lüneburger Heide (lü' ne-börg-er hi'de). A moor in the province of Hannover, Pru ia, north of Celle. Lunel (lü-nel'). A town in the department of Hérault, southern France, 15 miles east-northeast of Montpellier. It has trade in muscat wines. Population (1891), commune, 6,793. Lunéville (lü-na-vēl'). A city in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, France, near the confluence of the Meurthe and Vezouze 16 miles east-southeast of Nancy. It is a commercial and manufacturing center, and contains a noted riding-school and a chateau. It was the capital of Lorraine in the 18th century. The emperor Francis I. was born here. Population (1891), 21,542. Lunéville, Peace of. A treaty which the emperor concluded with France at Lunéville Feb. 9,1801. France received the left bank of the Rhine. The arrangements made with Austria by the peace of Campo-Formio were confirmed; Tuscany was ceded to Parma; and the Cisalpine, Ligurian, Helvetic, and Batavian republics were recognized. It was the beginning of the end of the Holy Roman Empire. Lungasi (löng-gä'sē)." 'An African river and tribe of Kamerun. Lupaca (lö-pä-kä'). The dialect formerly spoken by a branch of the Aymará Indians of Bolivia. See Aymarás . Lupercal (lū'per-kal). [See Lupercus .] A grotto near the western angle of the Palatine Hill, in ancient Rome, dedicated, according to tradition, by the original Arcadian settlers to Lupercus, a Latin rustic deity. It was the den of the she-wolf that suckled Rom ulus and Remus. As time went on the Lupercal was adorned architecturally, and its decoration was renewed by August us. Near the Lupercal was the Ficus Ruminal is, the fig-tree beneath which Romulus and Remus were left by the retiring waters of the Tiber, and above days as a relic Romulus. it was the primitive thatched hut preserved to imperial Lupercalia (lū-per-kā'li-ä). [See Lupercal .] One of the most ancient of Roman festivals, celebrated every year in the middle of February. The origin of the festival is older than the legend of Romulus and the wolf, with which, as with the Greek cult of Pan, it was sought later to connect it. It was originally a local purification ceremony of the Palatine city, in which human victims were sacrificed in the Lupercal cave near the Porta Romana, after having been conducted around the walls. In historic times the victims were goats and a dog, and the celebrants ran around the old line of the Palatine walls, striking all whom they met with thongs cut from the skins of the slaughtered animals. These blows were reputed to preserve women from sterility. The divinity of the Lupercalia was the old Etrurian god Inuus, akin to Mars. Lupercus (lū-pėr'kus). [L., 'he who wards off the wolves.'] The god Inuus as the protecting deity of shepherds. Lupus (lū'pus). [L., 'a wolf.'] An ancient southern constellation, the Wolf, representing a beast held by the hand of the Centaur. It has two stars of the third magnitude. Lur (lör). A tribe of central Africa, occupying a wide district northwest of Albert Nyanza. Their customs are similar to those of the Wanyoro, whose nominal suzerainty they acknowledge. The accent and the ground-words of the Lur language are identical with those of the Shuli, from which it is separated by the Madi. Both may belong to one cluster with Shilluk. Luray (lu-ra') Cave. A cave in Page County, Virginia, near Luray, 78 miles west by south of Washington. It consists of extending over a large are nis sim ark able for its enormous stalactites. It was discovered in 1878. Lure (lür). A town in the department of Haute- Saône, France, 17 miles east by north of Vesoul. Population (1891), commune, 4,838. 4.838. Lure well (lür' wel), Mistre . A character in Farquhar's comedy "The Constant Couple": a jilt with a strong desire to wreak vengeance on men for the wrongs done her. Lurgan (ler'gan). A town in County Armagh, Ireland, 19 miles southwest of Belfast. Population (1891), 11,447. Luria (löre-a), Isaac. Born at Jerusalem, 1534: died 1572. One of the most celebrated and influential Jewish cabalists and mystics. His teachings were published by his disciple Hayim Vital Calabrese in the works "Tree of Life" ("Ez ha-Hayim"), "Book of Transmigrations" ("Sepher ha-Gilguim "), and "Book of Gleamings" ("Sepher ha-Likutim"). Lurline (ler-len'). An opera by Wallace, first produced at Covent Garden in 1860. Lusatia (lu-sā'shiä), G. Lausitz (lou's its). A region in Germany, now included in the kingdoms of Saxony and Pru ia. Its early inhabitants were Slavs, and, though partly Germanized, it still has a large population of Slavs (Wends). It was a mark or march on the border of the empire. Upper Lusatia (Ober-Lausitz), in the southern part, was acquired by Brandenburg from Bohemia about 1253. Lower Lusatia (Nieder-Lausitz), in the northern part, was acquired by Brandenburg early in the 14th century. Upper Lusatia was gained by Bohemia in 1346, and Lower Lusatia in 1373. Lusatia belonged temporarily to Hungary in the second half of the 15th century, With Bohemia it pa ed to the house of Hapsburg in 1526. It was ceded by Austria to Saxony in 1635. Lower Lusatia and part of Upper Lusatia were ceded by Saxony to Pru ia in 1815. Lushais. A nomadic race living on the frontier of A am, Bengal, and Burma, about lat. 24° N., long. 93° E. Lusiad (lu'si-ad), The. The national epic of Portugal, by Camoens, published in 1572. It has been translated into English by Fanshawe, Mickle, Musgrave, Mitchell, and others. It is in 10 cantos, containing 1,102 stanzas. See the extract. The poem on which the general reputation of Camoens depends, usually known under the name of the Lusiad, is entitled by the Portuguese "Os Lusiadas," or the Lusitanians. It appears to have been the object of the author to produce a work altogether national. It was the exploits of his fellow-countrymen that he undertook to celebrate. But, though the great object of the poem is the recital of the Portuguese conquests in the Indies, the author has very happily succeeded in embracing all the illustrious actions performed by his compatriots in other quarters of the world, together with whatever of splendid and heroic achievement historical narration or popular fables could supply. It is by mistake that Vasco da Gama has been represented as the hero of Camoens, and that those portions of the work not immediately connected with that commander's expedition are regarded as episodes to the main action. There is, in truth, no other leading subject than Lutuamian were immediately condemned as heretical, and violent attacks were made upon him from various quarters, both before and after a summons to Rome, which he did not obey. In 1520 he published his famous "Addre to the Christian Nobles of the German Nation," which was fol lowed by the tract "On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church of God." This same year, together adherents, he was formally excommunicated by Leo X., and his writings were burned at Rome, Cologne, and Louvain. He retaliated by publicly burning, at Wittenberg, the bull of excommunication and the decretals of the Pope, to whom he now renounced all allegiance. At the Diet of Worms, April, 1521, whither he was summoned by the emperor Charles V., he made the celebrated speech which ended with: "There I take my stand. I can do naught else. So help me, God. Amen." In spite of his vigorous defense of his doctrines, he was proscribed by the em per or. On his return from Worms, through the Thu ring i an Forest, he was, by order of his friend, Elector of Saxony, ostensibly taken prisoner and conveyed to the Wartburg, at Eisenach, where he remained in disguise the following ten months under the name of Junker Georg. During this time he translated the New Testament into German, and had already completed it when he left the Wartburg in March, 1522. At this time, in spite of a new proscription by the emperor, he returned to Wittenberg, and delivered there a series of sermons against the fanaticism of the puritanical image-breakers. Here, too, was published this same year the translation of the New Testa ment. He had already begun the translation of the Old Testament, of which the books of Moses were put into print in 1523 and the Psalms in 1524; and in this latter year appeared also his first hymn-book. In 1524, further, he laid aside his cowl, and in 1525 married Katharina von Bora, a nun, who had renounced her vows and left the convent. From 1526-29 he was engaged in the preparation of a new church service. In this latter year, also, he engaged in the conference at Marburg with Zwingli and other Swi divines. The Luther an translation of the whole Bible, completed in 1532, was finally published in 1534. It was revised in 1541, and the subsequent editions of 1543 and 1545 also received a few amendments. During the whole of his struggles for the Reformation, he wrote numerous polemical pamphlets which exhibited him as a most powerful though pa ionate controversialist. His "Tischreden" ("Table-Talk") contains his opinions on a variety of subjects, the principal source of the material being Lauterbach's "Tagebuch" ("Diary") from 1538. In 1530 he began to make a new version, in prose, of Æsop's and other cla ical fables. Besides prose, he also wrote a number of sacred hymns, whose prototype in construction and