anabaptist

[In Ger. Anabaptist; Fr. anabaptiste; Sp. anabaptist a, anabatista; Port. anabaptist a; Ital. anabatista.] [ANABAPTISM.] A. As substantive. Church History : 1. A member of a well-known fanatical sect which largely figured in the ecclesiastical and civil history of the sixteenth century. It began to attract notice within four years of the ever memorable 31st of October, 1517, on which Luther affixed his "theses" to the gate of the castle church of Wittenberg. The most eminent of its early leaders were Thomas Munzer, Mark Stubner, and Nicholas Storck. They had been disciples of Luther: but becoming di atisfied with the moderate character of his reformation, they cast off his authority, and attempted more sweeping changes than he was prepared to sanction. During his absence, they, in 1521, began to preach their doctrines at Wittenberg. Laying claim to supernatural powers, they saw visions, uttered "prophecies," and ma and made an immense number of proselytes. The ferment which the exciting religious events taking place in Central Europe had produced in men's minds, IMG:content-0487.png:[blocks in formation] (1) a going up, as on horseback; (2) a journey, an expedition: ἀναβαίνω ( anabainō ) = to go up; ἀνά (απα) = up; βαίνω ( bainō ) = to go.] 1. Spec. The name given by Xenophon to his celebrated work describing the expedition of Cyrus the younger against his brother Artaxerxes Mnemon, king of Persia. Arrian also calls the expedition of Alexander the Great to Asia an anabasis . 2. Gen. Any similar expedition, as that of Napoleon 1. to Moscow. ( De Quincey .) ăn-a-băth-rŭm, s. Lat., from Gr. ἀνάβαθρον ( an a bath ron ) = a seat upon steps, a profe or's chair.] A pulpit, desk, or high seat. ăn-a-bat-i-dæ, s. pl . [From anabas , the typical genus (q.v.).] A family of fishes be- longing to the order Acanth opter a. Cuvier formerly placed them under his family with labyrinth i form pharyngeals. had made them impatient of social or political | an-ab-a-sis, s . [Gr. ἀνάβασις ( anabasis ) = as well as of spiritual despotism; and in 1525 the peasants of Suabia, Thu ring i a, and Franc on i a, who had been much oppre ed by their feudal superiors, rose in arms, and com- menced a sanguinary struggle, partly, no doubt, for religious reformation, but chiefly for pol i- tical emancipation. The Anabaptists cast in their lot with the insurgent peasantry, and became their leaders in battle. After a time the allied princes of the Empire, led by Philip, Landgrave of He e, put down the rebellion; and Munzer was defeated, captured, put to the torture, and ultimately beheaded. In 1532, some extreme Anabaptists from Holland, led by a baker called John Matthias, and a tailor, John Boccoldt, called also, from the place whence he came, John of Leyden, seized on the city of Münster, in Westphalia, with the view of setting up in it a spiritual kingdom, in which, at least nominally, Christ inight reign. The name of Münster was changed to that of Mount Zion, and Matthias became its actual king. Having soon after lost his life in a mad warlike exploit, the sovereignty de- volved on Boccoldt, who, among other fanati- cal freaks, once promenaded the streets of his capital in a state of absolute nudity. On the 24th of June, 1535, the Bishop of Münster re- took the city by force of arms, and Boccoldt was put to death in the most cruel manner that could be devised. The exce es of the Anabaptists were eagerly laid hold of by the Popish party to discredit the Reformation. It was in the year 1534, when Boccoldt was in the height of his glory in Münster, that Ignatius Loyola took the first step towards founding the order of the Jesuits, and the extension and rapid succe of that celebrated fraternity are to be attributed in a very large measure to the reaction against Protestant ism took in the peasants' war, and the character of the spiritual sovereignty which they set up while Münster was in their hands. IMG:content-0488.png:[blocks in formation] * ăn-a-bib-a-zăn, s . [From Gr. ἀναβιβάζω ( anabibazō ) = to make to go up: ἀνά (ana) = up, and βιβάζω ( bibazō ) = to make to mount.] Astronomy: "The Dragon's head, or the northern node of the moon." (Glo og. Nova . ) ăn'-a-blěps, s. [Gr. ἀνά (ana) = up, and βλέπω ( blepō ), fut. βλέψω ( blepso ) = to look.] A genus of abdominal fishes, of the order Malacopterygii Abdomina les, belonging to the family Cyprinidæ (Carps). Their eyes greatly project, and moreover seem, but only seem, as if divided into two; hence the species is called A. tetrophthalmus. It is found in the rivers of Guiana. ăn-a-bro-chiș-mus, s. [Gr. ἀναβροχίσμος (an a broch is mos); ἀναβροχίζω ( anabrochizō ) = to draw out by a loop: ἀνά ( ana ) = up, and βρόχος ( brochos ) = a noose or slip-knot.] Old Med.: "A way of drawing out the in- verted pricking hairs of the eyelid." (Glo og. Nova .) ăn-a-brō'-sis, 8. [Gr. ἀνάβρωσις ( an a bros is ), from βρῶσις ( bros is ) = an eating up: (1) meat; (2) an eating: βιβρώσκω ( bibrōsko ) = to eat, fut. βρώσομαι ( brōsoma i ).] A wasting away of the body. "An a bros is is a consumption of the body by sharp humours."-Glo ogr. Nova. ăn-a-cămp-tër-i-a, s. pl. [Gr. ἀνακαμπ- τήριον ( an a kam pterion ) = a place to walk back- wards and forwards in.] Lodgings of those who fled to religious houses for sanctuary. ăn-a-cămp-tíc, * ăn-a-cămp'-tick, a. [From Gr. ἀνακάμπτω ( anakamptō ) = to bend back; ává ( ana ) = back, and κάμπτω ( kamptō ) =to bend.] Pertaining to an a camp tics (q. v.). "An a camp tick (Gr.) signifies reflecting."-Glo . Nova. an a camp tic sounds, S. Reflected sounds, such as those of echoes; sounds falling from acute to grave. ăn-a-cămp-tic-al-lý, adv. [Eng. ana- camp tical ; -ly .] By reflection. ( Hutton .) ăn-a-cămp'-tics, s. pl . [AN A CAMP TIC.] 1. Anciently: The science of reflected light, now called catoptrics. ăn-a-camp-tis, s. [Gr. ἀνακάμπτω (ana- kampto ) to bend back: ἀνά ( ana ) = back, and κάμπτω ( kamptō ) = to bend. So called apparently from the reflexed edges of the pollen ma es.) Richard's name for a genus of Orchid aceæ containing the pyramidal orchis, A. pyramidal is , the O. pyramidal is of Linnæus, and many modern writers. It is British. ăn-a-cănth-i'n-i, s. pl. [Gr. av , priv., and ἀκάνθινος ( akanthinos ) = thorny; from ἄκανθα ( a kantha ) a thorn; ἀκή ( ake ) = a point.] Zool. In Müller's cla ification of Fishes, the second sub-order of the order Teleostea. It is equivalent to the Malacopterygii of Cuvier and other writers. It is distinguished from the Acanth opter a (the same as the old Acanthopterygii) by the absence of spines in the rays of the fins. There are four families: the Ammodytidæ (Sand-eels), the Ophideidæ, the Gadidæ (Cods), and the Pleuronectidæ (Flat-fishes). The last-mentioned family has fo il representatives. IMG:content-0489.png:[graphic][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]