survival, survivall

[Eng. surviv(e); -al .] 1. Ord. Lang.: The act of surviving or out-living another or others: a living longer than others. 2. Anthrop.: A term introduced by Tylor to de Barrow: Sermons, vol. iii., ser. 39. *sür-vêy-ançe, subst . [SURVEANCE.] Survey, inspection. sür-vêy-ing, pr. par., a. & 8. [SURVEY, v.] A. & B. As pres. par. & particip. adj.: (See the verb.) C. As subst.: The act or art of determining the boundaries, form, area, position, contour, ., of any portion of the earth's surface, tract of country, coast, ., by means of measurements taken on the spot; the art of determining the form, area, surface, contour, ., of any portion of the earth's surface, and delineating it accurately on a map or plan. 1. Land surveying is the art of applying the principles of geometry and trigonometry to the measurement of land. The principal operations are laying down or driving base lines, and triangles on either side of the base. In large surveys it is desirable to lay down these triangles by measuring each angle with an instrument called the theodolite (q. v.), by which the accuracy of the measurement of the sides may be checked. 2. Geodesic surveying comprises all the operations of surveying carried on under the supposition that the earth is spheroidal. It embraces marine sur veying (q. v.). fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fall, been carried on by force of habit into a new state of society different from that in which it had its original home, thus remaining as a proof and an example of an older condition of culture out of which a newer has been evolved. I "Among evidences aiding us to trace the course which the civilization of the world has actually followed, is that great cla of facts to denote which I have found it convenient to introduce the term 'survivals.' know an old Somersets hire woman whose handloom dates from the time before the introduction of the 'flying-shuttle,' which new-fangled appliance she has never even learnt to use, and I have seen her throw her shuttle from hand to hand in true cla ic fashion; this old woman is not a century behind her times, but she is a case of survival . Such examples often lead us back to the habits of hundreds and even you sands of years ago. The ordeal of the key and Bible, still in use, is a survival; the Mid-summer bonfire is a survival ; the Breton peasant's All Souls supper for the spirits of the dead is a survival." -Tylor: Prim . Cult . (ed. 1873), i. 16. Survival of the Fittest : Biol .: A phrase introduced by Herbert Spencer to signify what Darwin called Natural Selection. "The preservation during the battle for life of varieties which po e any advantage in structure, constitution, or instinct, I have called Natural Selection; and Mr. Herbert Spencer had well expre ed the same idea by the Survival of the Fittest."-Darwin: Variation of Animals and Plants, i. 6. "Men, dogs, and horses, all are dead; He is the sole survivor." Words worth: Simon Lee. 2. Law : The longer lives of two joint tenants, or of any two persons who have a joint interest in anything. sür-viv-õr-ship, s. [Eng. survivor; -ship.] 1, Ord . Lang .: The state of surviving or outliving another or others, or of living after some event has taken place. "But as to any interesting speculation concerning its state of survivorship, 'tis plain they had none." War burton: Divine Legation, bk. v., § 6. 2. Law : The right of a joint tenant or other person who has a joint interest in an estate to take the whole estate upon the death of the other. "From the same principle also arises the remaining grand incident of joint-estates; viz., the doctrine of sur vivorship , by which two or more persons are seized of a joint estate, of inheritance, for their own lives, or par auter vie , or are jointly po e ed of any chattel interest, the entire tenancy upon the decease of any of them remains to the survivors, and at length to the last survivor; and he shall be entitled to the whole estate, whatever it be, whether an inheritance or a common freehold only, or even a le estate." -Black stone : Comment ., bk. ii., ch. 12. Chance of survivorship : The chance that a person of one age has of surviving another of a different age. Thus, according to the Car lisle Tables of Mortality, the chances of survivorship for two persons aged twenty-five and sixty-five respectively are eighty-nine and eleven; in other words, the chances are eight to one that the younger will survive the older. sŭs, s. [Latin; Gr. hys; O. H. Ger. sû =a pig, a swine.] 1. Zool .: The typical genus of the family Suide, or the sub-family Suine (q. v.), with fourteen species ranging over the Pale arctic and Oriental regions, and into the first Australian sub-region as far as New Guinea; absent from the Ethiopian region, or barely entering it on the northeast. The lower incisors are inclined forward, canines of the males tusk-like; the molars have broad crowns, with two transverse ridges (three or more in the last molar) divided into rounded tubercles. There are four toes to all the feet; the third and fourth digits form a functional pair, while the second and fifth are rudimentary, and do not touch the ground. 2. Paleontology : The genus appears to have commenced in the Miocene Tertiary. Sus scrofa (the Wild Boar) is first found in the Post-Pliocene.