turn (tern)

[Early mod. E. also tourn, torn; ivory figures. A turnid beddstedd corded x5. Quoted in H. Hall's Society in Elizabeth an Age, App., I. I could turn you a rare handle for that crutch-stick. Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, iv. 16. 2. To round; execute in rounded outlines; bring to perfection of shape, form, or style; hence, to form, fashion, or shape in any way: as, to turn a sentence. The edge. is decked with many pretty litle turned pillers, either of marble or free stone, to leane over. Coryat , Crudities, I. 205. Fletcher (and another ?), Prophete , iii. 3. (c) To direct; aim: as, to turn the hose on a burning building. A man, though he turns his eyes toward an object, yet he may choose whether he will curiously survey it. Locke . As he gazed with wonder, the youth turned upon him a piece of lighted bog-wood which he carried in a lantern. Scott , Fair Maid of Perth, xxix. (d) To put or apply use or employ; utilize: as, to turn everything to advantage or account. Great Apollo Turn all to the best! Shak ., W. T., iii. 1. 15. I am a man out of all busine , and would willingly turn Add is on , Spectator, No. 251. my head to any thing for an honest livelihood. Some, who turn their travels to the greatest advantage, endeavour to mix with the people of the country, and with all strangers, in order to make proper observations on customs and manners. Pococke , Description of the East, II. ii. 277. (e) To blunt (literally by turning over): as, to turn the edge of a knife. See the phrase below. (f) To send; drive; force with off, out, upon, etc.: as, to turn cattle out to feed; to turn a servant out of the house. And gif the i talke of tales vn-trewe, Thou torn hem out of that entent. Hymns to Virgin , etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 108. Let me be corrected, To break my stubbornne , if it be so, Rather than turn me off ; and I shall mend. Beau, and Fl., Phil aster, ii. 1. A ve el sent by some merchants to carry provisions to La Tour was fallen into the hands of D'Aulnay, who had made prize of her, and turned the men upon an island. Winthrop, Hist. New England, II. 267. 9. To change the position of; shift or change to or as to the top, bottom, front, or back; reverse or invert; turn upside down or inside out: as, to turn an hour-gla ; to turn flapjacks on a griddle; to turn one's coat. If I were angry, I might turn the Buckle of my Girdle behinde me. S. Alex sander, quoted in Winwood's Memorials, i. 453. turn This house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler died. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 1. 11. I talke and prate, and lay 't not on their jackes, And the proud Jacks care not a fig for me; But bones a me, Ile turne another leafe. Heywood, If you Know not me (Works, ed. 1874, I. 257). When she [the hen] has laid her eggs in such a manner that she can cover them, what care does she take in turn ing them frequently, that all parts may partake of the vital warmth. Add is on, Spectator, No. 120. 10. To throw; overthrow; overturn. All Troy for to take and tirne at hor wille. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4508. The Troiens with tene thai tirnyt to ground, Kyld of hor knightes & comyns full mony. 111. To set. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 10282. The Troiens thaire tore shippis hade turnyt on ffyre, Wold haue brent hom barly, bot is & other. Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 7112. 12t. To return; send back. Tell her I sent it to make merry with, She'll turn us thanks at least! B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2. 13. To transfer; put into other hands; turn over. Our inheritance is turned to strangers, our houses to aliens. Lam. v. 2. 14. To fold so that the other side may appear: as, to turn down one's collar.-15. To remake with the inside turned out; make over again by reversing the material: as, to turn a garment. A pair of old breeches thrice turned. Mrs. Cratch it, turned gown. Shak ., T. of the S., iii. 2. 44. dre ed out but poorly in a twice Dickens , Christmas Carol, iii. Her satin gown had been turned and made over till every po ible capability of it was exhausted. H. B. Stowe , Oldtown, p. 51. 16. To change to another opinion or party; change with respect to convictions, sentiments, feelings, or conduct; convert or pervert. One suffering for the truth turneth more than a you sand sermons. Latimer, Misc. Sel. Will nothing turn your unrelenting hearts? Shak., 1 Hen. VI., v. 4. 59. So, turn , good Lord, O turn the hearts of Princes, Whose Rage their realms with Saints deer bloud be rinses. Sylvester, tr. of Bethulians Rescue, vi. Wisest woman That ever tipped her tongue with point of reasons, To turn her hearers! B. Jonson, Magnet ick Lady, iv. 2. 17. To change or alter the nature, character, or appearance of in any way; change into something else; transform; transmute; metamorphose. Watir to wyne he turned ryue, He garte corne growe with-outen plogh, Wher are was none. York Plays , p. 205. There an Aungel helde Jacob stille, and turned his Name, and cleped him Israel. Mandeville , Travels, p. 86. IMG:content-1095.png:[blocks in formation] Most of these things we had from his own mouth, and heard him turn the oriental languages into Latin very readily. Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 233. At the age of eleven [Emerson] was turning Virgil into very readable English heroics. O. W. Holmes , Emerson, i. 19. To change from a fresh, sweet, or otherwise natural condition; cause to ferment, become sour, or the like: as, warm weather turns milk. You've almost turned my good affection to you; Soured my sweet thoughts, all my pure purposes. B. Jonson, Devil is an A , ii. 3. 20. To put or bring into a certain state or condition: as, the wine has turned him sick. A slave that still... turns me to shame. Shak., T. G. of V., iv. 4. 67. Should I tell you gravely that without the help of coins we should never have known which was the first of the emperors that wore a beard, or rode in stirrups, I might turn my science into ridicule. Add is on, Dialogues on Medals, i. 211. To get around; trick; beguile; cheat. Til he had torned him he coude not blinne. Chaucer , Canon's Yeoman's Tale, 1. 160. 22. To render unbalanced or unsound; dis tract: as, to turn one's head. See the phrase below. Not to turn a hair. See hair1 . - To be turned, 6538 or to be turned of, to be or to have advanced beyond: said with regard to age. Irus, though he is now turned of fifty, has not appeared in the world in his real character since five-and-twenty. Steele , Spectator, No. 264. When they [miners] are turned of thirty they begin to look thin, and are much subject to plurisies and palsies. Pococke , Description of the East, II. ii. 227. Of late, trouble of another kind has been added. Tina is a little turned of fifteen; she is going to be very beautiful. H. B. Stowe , Oldtown, p. 406. To turn a cat-in-pan. See cat1. To turn adrift. See adrift. To turn against. (a) To use to the disadvantage or injury of: as, his argument was turned against himself; they turned their arms against their friends. (b) To render unfriendly or opposed to: as, his old comrade was turned against him by false reports. To turn an enemy's flank line, or position, to manœuver so as to pa round his forces and attack him from the rear or on the flank; hence, to turn one's flank, in a figurative sense, to circumvent or outwit one. Tom felt at once that his flank was turned. T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Rugby, ii. 6. A number of attempts were made by the enemy to turn our right flank, where Sherman was posted, but every effort was repulsed with heavy lo . U. S. Grant, Personal Memoirs, I. 339. To turn a penny. See penny. - To turn aside, to turn to one side; ward off; avert: as, to turn aside a blow or a thrust. To turn away. (a) To turn in an opposite or different direction; avert. IMG:content-1096.png:[blocks in formation] The Master of the House may turn away all his Servants, and take whom he please. Selden , Table-Talk, p. 63. To turn back. (a) To cause to return or retrace one's footsteps: as, I was turned back by stre of weather. ( bt ) To send back; return. We turn not back the silks upon the merchant When we have soil'd them. Shak ., T. and C., ii. 2. 69. To turn down. (a) To fold or double down. Is not the leaf turn'd down? Shak ., J. C., iv. 3. 273. (b) To lower by turning a stop-cock or the like: as, to turn down the gas. (c) To snub; suppre . [Slang, U. S.] -To turn flukes. See fluke1. To turn forth, to drive or cast out; expel. Turn melancholy forth to funerals. Shak., M. N. D., i. 1. 14. turn They blackguarded him like good 'uns - said he only wanted to get into the House to finger the salary and then turn his coat. Grenville- Murray , Member for Paris, xx. Mr. Bright should be the last man to charge a political opponent with turning his coat . Westminster Rev. , CXXVIII. 526. To turn one's hand, to apply or adapt one's self. A good Servant shou'd turn his Hand to every thing in a Family. Steele, Tender Husband, ii. 1. To all things could he turn his hand. Tennyson, Enoch Arden. To turn one's head or brain. ( a ) To make one giddy or dizzy, as by looking down from a great height. (6) Το infect one with extravagant notions, as of pride or conceit: as, the attentions shown him quite turned his head. For the benefit of such whose heads are a little turned, I shall a ign one of the sides of the college which I am erecting for the cure of this dangerous distemper (pride]. Steele, Tatler, No. 127. The spirit of public fanaticism turned their heads. Goldsmith, The Bee, No. 2. The rush of invitations, and the struggle for his society, would have been quite enough to turn any head le strong than his. Lady Holland , Sydney Smith, viii. To turn out. (a) To put out; drive out; expel: as, the unruly persons were turned out. The triumphant party are not at all in the humour to be turned out every time his lordship has drunk a bottle too much. Walpole , Letters, II. 8. (b) To put out to pasture, as cattle or horses. (c) To produce as the result of labor, or training, or any proce of manufacture; furnish in a complete state; send out finished: as, this factory turns out 1,000 pieces of cloth in a week. One thing is very certain-that the [public] schools turned out splendid scholars, and their powers of writing Latin and Greek verse were wonderful. W. Besant, Fifty Years Ago, p. 155. (d) To turn inside out; reverse; hence, to bring to view; show; produce: as, to turn out one's pockets; turn out your cards. - To turn over. (a) To change the position of the top, bottom, or sides of; overturn: as, to turn over a box; the seats were turned over in the struggle. ( b ) To hand over; deliver; transfer; refer: as, the busine was turned over to his creditors. If he [the footman] be not for your Turn, turn him over to me again when I come back. Howell , Letters, I. v. 13. 'Tis well the debt no payment does demand; You turn me over to another hand. Dryden, Aurengzebe, iv. 1. To turn headt, to turn round; face about. Turn head , and stop pursuit. Shak ., Hen. V., ii. 4. 69. (et) To turn off; hang. [Slang.] IMG:content-1097.png:[blocks in formation] Are blinded first, and then turned over. S. Butler, Hudibras, III. ii. 698. Hudibras . ( Imp . Dict .) To turn over a new leaf. See leaf . To turn tail. See taill .-To turn the back, to turn away; hence, to leave a place or company; go off; run away. (6) To turn inward: said especially of the toes. I gives 'em the hornpipe and the bandy jig, that's dancing with my toes turned in. Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, III. 200. (c) To hand over or deliver: as, to turn in the unexpended balance. - To turn in a deadeye or block, to fasten the shroud or strap round the deadeye or block. To turn off. ( a ) To dismi or put away summarily; discard; discharge. He turned off his former wife to make room for this marriage. Add is on . Servants sent on me ages are apt to stay out somewhat longer than the me age requires. When you return, the master storms, the lady scolds; stripping, cudgelling, and turning off is the word. Swift , Advice to Servants (General Directions). (b) To give over; consign. The murmurer is turned off to the company of those doleful creatures that inhabit the ruins of Babylon. Government of the Tongue. (c) To turn aside; divert. The institution of sports and shows was intended, by all governments, to turn off the thoughts of the people from busying themselves in matters of state. Add is on, Freeholder, No. 34. (d) To perform; accomplish; complete. Whatever he may say of its quality, the German official or man of busine is always appalled at the quantity of work his compeer here can turn off in a given time. G. S. Hall , German Culture, p. 306. (e) To shut off, as a fluid, by means of a stop-cock, valve, etc., so as to prevent its operation or effect; stop or withdraw the effective supply of: as, to turn off the gas, the water, or the steam. (f) To hang, as a criminal; hence, with humorous allusion to the "noose," to put through the marriage ceremony; marry. [Slang.] Some minutes after he was turned off , a Reprieve came for him, and being immediately cut down, he soon reviv'd, to the admiration of all Spectators. The Flying Post , Dec. 11, 1705, quoted in Ashton's Social [Life in Reign of Queen Anne, II. 215. I saw them turned off at igsackly a quarter past 12. Thackeray , Yellow plush Papers, Mr. Deuceace at Paris, ix. (g) To give a different turn or direction to, or a different meaning or effect to; turn aside: as, to turn off a joke, To turn on, to open a pa age to, or admit, as a fluid by means of a stop-cock or valve, so as to bring into actual operation or use; bring into play the effective supply of: as, to turn on the gas, steam, or water. To turn one's coat, to change sides; go over to another party, sect, or the like; become a pervert. Compare turncoat . Make mouths upon me when I turn my back . Shak ., M. N. D., iii. 2. 238. Sam . Quarrel, I will back thee. Gre. How! turn thy back and run Shak., R. and J., i. 1. 41. To turn the back on or upon one. See back1. - To turn the buckle of the belt behind. See buckle2. To turn the cat in the pan. (at) To reverse the order of things so as to make them appear the opposite of what they really are. N. E. D., under cat. There is a cunning which we in England call "the turn ing of the cat in the pan": which is when that which a man says to another he lays it as if another had said it to him. Bacon , Cunning (ed. 1887). (b) See to turn a cat - in - pan , under cat1. To turn the cold shoulder. See cold. - To turn the die or the dice, to change the luck. Fortune confounds the wise, And, when they least expect it, turns the dice. Dryden. To turn the edge of, to deprive of sharpne or keenne ; blunt. This news, I think, hath turn'd your weapon's -edge. Shak., 2 Hen. VI., ii. 1. 179. To turn the paunch, to vomit; disgorge, as fish. [ New Eng.] - To turn the scale, to make one side of the balance fall; hence, figuratively, to give superiority or succe ; decide; determine. You weigh equally; a feather will turn the scale. Shak., M. for M., iv. 2. 32. If I survive, shall Troy the le prevail? A single soul's too light to turn the scale. Dryden. To turn the stomach of, to cause nausea or disgust in; make qualmish or disgusted. They [Tonquinese] have many sorts of dishes, that wou'd turn the Stomach of a stranger, which yet they themselves like very well. Dampier , Voyages, II. i. 30. This filthy simile, this beastly line, Quite turns my stomach. Pope, Epil. to Satires, ii. 182. To turn the tables. See table. - To turn tippett. See tippet. To turn to the right-about. See right about. - To turn turtle. See turtle. To turn up. ( a ) To bring to the surface; bring from below to the top; turn over: as, to turn up the sod or the soil. Yellow "bobs" turned up before the plough Are chiefest baits; with cork and lead enough. J. Dennys (Arber's Eng. Garner, L. 176). turn He strewed the City. with salt, having first turned up the ground with a plough. Coryat , Crudities, I. 131. (b) To bring or put a different surface or side uppermost; place with the face upward: as, to turn up a card. Your lordship is the most patient man in lo , the most coldest that ever turned up ace. Shak ., Cymbeline, ii. 3. 2. (c) To give an upward turn or direction to; bring the end, tip, or point of uppermost; tilt up: as, to turn up one's nose (an expre ion of contempt). Her deuotion at the Church is much in the turning vp of her eye, and turning downe the leafe in her Booke when shee heares nam'd Chapter and Verse. Bp. Earle, Micro-cosmographie, A Shee Precise Hypocrite. (d) To refer to in a book: as, to turn up a pa age or text.To turn upon (or on), to direct or cause to operate upon or against; hence, to cast back upon; retort: as, he turned his sword upon himself; to turn the arguments of an opponent upon himself. - To turn up one's toes, to die. [Slang.]-Turned commas, reversed commas ("), used in marking the beginning of a quotation, and under a word or words to indicate repetition. - Turning-off machine, in stocking - manuf., a machine for closing the seam in stockings which have been knit flat. E. H. Knight. II. in trans. 1. To have a revolving or rolling motion; move round, as on an axis, pivot, or hinge; revolve. He that is giddy thinks the world turns round. Shak., T. of the S., v. 2. 20. If it [a cannon-ball] should strike any part of the body when the velocity is greatly diminished, it does not carry it away, but, in consequence of its circular or rolling motion, it turns round the part, in the same manner as a wheel pa es over a limb. J. M. Car no chan , Operative Surgery, p. 134. 6539 Whan thi haf o' thi Gordones desert it, An' turn it wi' Murray in a crack. Battle of Corichie (Child's Ballads, VII. 213). 10. To change or become altered in nature, character, quality, appearance, or quality, appearance, or the like; be converted, transformed, or transmuted; hence, in general, general, to to become; become; grow: as, to turn gray; to turn pale. pale. He that kepeth it clanly a yere, aftre that yere, hyt turneth yn to Flesche and Bloode. Mandeville , Travels, p. 124. Thy mirth shall turn to moan. Shak., 1 Hen. VI., ii. 3. 44. All the happine Bestow'd upon me turns into disgrace. Beau . and Fl ., Maid's Tragedy, iii. 1. Why how now eyes? what now? what's heere to do? I'me gone, or I shall straite turne baby to. Heywood, Woman Killed with Kindne (Works, [ed. 1874, II. 150). That every one who turned Christian was sure by that means to forfeit the favour of his prince, and to be looked upon as an apostate from the religion of his country. Bp . Atterbury , Sermons, I. iii. Their design was to turn pirates, and plunder the Span- iards. Swift , Gulliver's Travels, iv. 1. You're a nice article, to turn sulky on first coming home! Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, xxvi. One of them asked her when her hair had begun to turn . Harper's Mag., LXXVII. 135. In particular-(a) To shift. Now all this Scene shall to Arcadia turn , The Seat of happy Nymphs and Swains. turn Take ye that, my hireman chiel, And turn in here and dine. The Hireman Chiel (Child's Ballads, VIII. 235). There is nothing so interesting as one of these Oriental up one The Century, XLII. 77. stres.and ered stool up to foot able and heldur finger. (c) To go to bed. [Colloq.] I mean to to a can, and remember my sweetheart, afore I turn in . Congreve, Love for Love, iii. 15. No man can be a sailor, or know what sailors are, unle he has lived in the forecastle with them - turned in and out with them, and eaten from the common kid. R. H. Dana , Jr., Before the Mast, p. 57. (d) To turn about. --- To turn off, to deviate from a course; be diverted: as, the road turns off to the right. - To turn on or upon. (a) To show anger, resentment, or hostility toward; confront in a hostile or angry manner. Turn on the bloody hounds with heads of steel. Shak., 1 Hen. VI., iv. 2. 51. Pompey turned upon him again, and in effect bade him be quiet. Bacon , Friendship. (b) See def. 2.- To turn out. (a) To bend or point outward: as, her toes turn out. (b) To come abroad; a emble out of doors; muster: as, the volunteers turned out in force; the people turned out to see the show. Then from every house and hamlet the men turned out . C. D. Warner, Backlog Studies, p. 125. (c) Specifically, of workmen, to abandon work in order to go on strike. "What do you say to a strike, by way of something pleasant to talk about?" "Have the hands actually turned out ?" asked Mrs. Thornton. Mrs.Gaskell , North and South, xviii. Congreve, Semele, ii. 3. (d) To get out of bed; rise. [Colloq.] (e) To prove in the The Chorus ought to turn upon the Argument of the Drama, and support the Design of the Acts. Jeremy Collier , Short View (ed. 1698), p. 149. Great events often turn upon very small circumstances. Swift , Conduct of Allies. A playfulne that turned on her supposed oddity was not at all to Maggie's taste. George Eliot , Mill on the Flo , ii. 1. 3. To move so as to face in a different direction or in some specified direction; direct one's face, course, efforts, attentions, thoughts, etc. (in some particular direction): as, to turn toward Mecca in prayer; to turn down a shady lane; I know not which way to turn. At thys present time of it speke no more, Vnto my purpos torn shall I therfore. Rom . of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 518. Marlowe , Doctor Faustus, ii. 1. Abjure this magic, turn to God again. I know not where to turn . O, welcome home! Shak ., Cor., ii. 1. 197. Trust me, Sir, I thought we had wanted three miles of this house; now we are at it, we'll turn into it, and refresh ourselves with a cup of drink. I. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 56. Just within the Gate, we turned up a Street on the left hand, and were conducted by the Consul to his own house. Maundrell , Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 67. Great souls by instinct to each other turn , Demand alliance, and in friendship burn. Add is on, The Campaign. There is no Point of the Compa to which they cannot turn, and by which they are not turn'd. Congreve, Way of the World, ii. 6. 4. To change the position or posture of the body, as in bed; shift or roll from one side to the other. I turn'd and try'd each corner of my bed, To find if sleep were there, but sleep was lost. Dryden. 5. To change direction; take an opposite or different course or way. Then shalt thou see the dew-bedabbled wretch Turn, and re- turn , indenting with the way. Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 704. 6. Specifically, to put about; tack. He spy'd a Dutch Sloop turning to get into the Road, and saw her at the evening Anchor at the West end of the Island. Dampier, Voyages, I. 52. 7. To change one's attitude or policy; hence, to rebel; offer resistance; show fight: often with upon: as, to turn upon one's accuser. See to turn on ( a ), below. Should I turn upon the true prince? Shak ., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 297. Even the instinctive worm on which we tread Turns , though it would not. Shelley, Julian and Maddalo. 8. To retrace one's steps; go or come back; return. Either thou wilt die, by God's just ordinance, Ere from this war thou turn a conqueror, Or I with grief and extreme age shall perish, And never look upon thy face again. Shak., Rich. III., iv. 4. 184. 9. To retreat; run away; also, to desert; go over to the enemy. [Rare.] turneth not so easily, Bacon, Nat. Hist., § 51. sour or spoiled, as milk or cider. Cow-milk thus prepared I judge to be better for a consumption than a -milk, which but is a little harsh. (c) To become light, dizzy, or giddy, as the head or brain; reel; hence, to become distracted, demented, or mad. I'll look no more, Lest my brain turn . Shak ., Lear, iv. 6. 23. (d) To become nauseated, qualmish, sick, or disgusted, as the stomach. (e) To become inclined in another direction. (1) To change from ebb to flow or from flow to ebb, as the tide. direction. The tide turned , and rushed as fiercely in the opposite Macaulay , Von Ranke's Hist. Popes. 11. To be changeable, fickle, or inconstant; vacillate. She bade love last, and yet she fell a- turning . Shak., Pa ionate Pilgrim, 1. 100. 12. To tend; result: with to. I asked if he was unwilling to be made knowne to some greate man, for that I believed it might turn to his profit. Evelyn , Diary, Jan. 18, 1671. Of late the West India coffee, which is not so good, has sold so cheap that it does not turn to account to send it to England. Pococke , Description of the East, I. 134. 13. To take form on the lathe; undergo the proce of turning on a lathe: as, ivory turns well. To turn about, to turn the face in another direction; wheel or face about: as, he turned about and faced me. O think na ye my heart was wae, When I turn'd about , away to gae? The Lament of the Border Widow (Child's Ballads, III. 87). To turn again. (a) To return. Oure Lady cam to hem, and bad hem tournen azen. Mandeville , Travels, p. 61. Therefore, O ye children of Israell, turne agayne , like as ye haue exceaded in your goinge backe. Bible of 1551, Isa. xxx i. 6. His big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble. Shak., As you Like it, ii. 7. 162. (b) To make a stand and face the enemy; turn on an enemy. Can honour pull the wings of fearful cowards, And make 'em turn again like tigers? Fletcher, Val ent in i an, iii. 3. To turn against, to rebel against; become unfriendly or hostile to: as, my friends have all turned against me. -To turn aside. (a) To leave a straight course; go off in a different direction. I have therefore turned aside from that beaten path, and chosen though a le easy yet a more profitable way. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, i. 16. (6) To withdraw from the presence or the notice of others; avert the face: as, to turn aside to hide one's blushes. To turn away. (a) To leave a straight or usual course; deviate; depart. When the righteous turneth away from his righteous ne , shall live? Ezek. 24. (b) To turn the face in another direction; avert one's looks. She paused, she turned away, she hung her head. Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. To turn back, to go or come back; return. Turn back to me, And play the mother's part. Shak., Sonnets, cxliii. To turn in. (a) To bend or point inward: as, his toes turn in. (b) To enter. Turn in , I pray you, into your servant's house. Gen. xix. 2. result or i ue; appear or show in the end; terminate; result: as, the affair turned out better than was expected. That you have a wealthy uncle I have heard; but how your expectations will turn out is more, I believe, than you can tell. Sheridan, School for Scandal, iii. 3. I never had a wife, but I have had two or three broomstick matches, though they never turned out happy. Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 353. To turn over, to move, shift, or change from side to side, or from top to bottom: as, to turn over in bed. - To turn round. (a) To turn so as to face the other way; reverse one's position. (b) To reverse one's opinions or relations; go over to another side or party: as, he turned round and voted with the Whigs. - To turn rusty. See rusty 3.To turn to. (a) [ To , prep.] (1) To be directed toward: as, the needle turns to the pole. (2) To tend to; result or terminate in. Compare def. 12. (3) To apply one's self to; betake one's self to; direct one's efforts or attention to; resort to. What is that which I should turn to, lighting upon days like these? Every door is barr'd with gold, and opens but to golden keys. Tennyson, Locksley Hall. (b) [ To, adv.] To begin operations; set to work. I found that no time was allowed for day-dreaming, but that we must turn to at the first light. R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 8. To turn Turk. See Turk. To turn under, to be bent, doubled, or folded downward or under. - To turn up. ( a ) To point upward: as, her nose turns up slightly. (6) To come to the surface; hence, to come to light; appear; happen; occur: as, to be waiting for something to turn up. Those accidental visitations of fortune are like prizes in the lottery, which must not be put into the year's income till they turn up . Sydney Smith, To John Allen, Jan. 24, 1813. "And then," said Mr. Micawber,.. "I shall, please Heaven, begin to be beforehand with the world, if -in short, if anything turns up." Dickens, David Copper field, xi. If after three you sand years a black swan turns up, must we not suppose it po ible that in three you sand years more we may see a candle burn in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen? J. Fiske , Cosmic Philos., I. 54. (c) To turn belly upward: said of a dying whale. turn (tern), n. [Early mod. E. also tourn , tourne , torn; turn , tourn , torn , tourn , tour , a turn, trick, round, etc., F. tour, a round, travel, tour, etc.; from the verb. Cf. tour2 .] 1. Movement about a center; circular motion; rotation; revolution: as, the turn of a wheel; a turn of the wrist. His Pa ion is Meta morphos'd in the Turn of a hand. Jeremy Collier , Short View (ed. 1698), p. 227. A gallant daunce, that liuely doth bewray A spirit and a vertue masculine,. With lofty turnes and capriols in the ayre. Sir J. Davies, Dancing. IMG:content-1098.png:[blocks in formation] True Repentance is the turn of the whole Soul from the Love as well as the Practice of Sin. Stilling fleet , Sermons, III. i. When one sees the beggars and the commonplace and shabby condition of Spanish Granada, he may perhaps give a new turn to his reflections by visiting Tetuan. C. D. Warner, Roundabout Journey, p. 181. Specifically-(a) Change to an opposite direction, or the point at which such change is effected: as, the turn of the tide. (b) Deviation from a straight-line course or direction; bend; curve; flexure; angle: as, a turn in the road cut off the view. turn The river nobly foams and flows, The charm of this enchanted ground, And all its you sand turns disclose Some fresher beauty varying round. Byron, Childe Harold, iii. 55 (song). (c) A variation in the course of events; a change in the order, position, tendency, or aspect of things; hence, change in general; chance; happening; be felling. O 'Tis a Heav'nly and a happy turn , Of godly Parents to be timely born. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Fathers. 'Tis a happy Turn for us, when Kings are made Friends again. This was the end of this Emba y, and I hope it will last our days. Lister , Journey to Paris, p. 3. Blame not the turns of fate, and chance of war. IMG:content-1099.png:[blocks in formation] turnbuckle She watched the fish with as much tender care and minutene of attention as if her own heart were on the gridiron, and her immortal happine were involved in its being done precisely to a turn ! Hawthorne , Seven Gables, vii. To serve a turn, the turn, or one's turn, to be sufficient for the purpose, occasion, or emergency; answer the purpose. A cloak as long as thine will serve the turn. Shak , T. G. of V., iii. 1. 131. To take a turn, to take a short walk, ride, or drive. See def. 8. To take one's turn, to occupy the place be longing to one, or to do what is a igned to one, in proper or allotted order. - To take turns, to take each the other's place alternately. - Turn about. See about. (d) Turning-point; crisis; the point at which a change must come: as, the turn of the year; the turn of a fever. And yet the spring was breaking forth, as it always does in Devons hire when the turn of the days is even. R. D. Black more , Lorna Doone, vii. (e) A twist, bias, or cast. It would, in fact, be almost impo ible to give a tragic turn to any proceedings for contempt of Court. H. Hall , Society in Elizabeth an Age, x. 3. Form; shape; mold. I have sometimes wondered to see the Roman poets, in their descriptions of a beautiful man, so often mentioning the turn of his neck and arms, that in our modern dre es lie out of sight, and are covered under part of the clothing. Add is on, Ancient Medals, ii. 4. Tendency; bent; aptitude; disposition; humor: as, a person of a lively turn . A man should always go with inclination to the turn of the company he is going into, or not pretend to be of the party. Steele , Spectator, No. 386. This Abd el cader no sooner was arrived at Masuah than, following the turn of his country for lying, he spread a report that a great man or prince whom he left at Jidda was coming speedily to Masuah. Bruce, Source of the Nile, I. 292. I never had the least turn for dre - never any notion of fancy or elegance. Mi Burney , Evelina, lxxxiii. Mrs. Bennet had no turn for economy. Jane Austen , Pride and Prejudice, p. 261. But these things must have come to you with your mother's blood. I never knew a Pyncheon that had any turn for them. Hawthorne , Seven Gables, v. 5. Particular form or character; mode; style. The Turk I mention'd. came after this happen'd to see me, who I found was so disagreeable to the Aga that he order'd him to leave the house, giving it this turn, that he would not permit the people to come and teize me for presents. Pococke, Description of the East, I. 119. The very turn of voice, the good pronunciation, and the polite and alluring manner which some teachers have attained will engage the attention. Watts , Improvement of the Mind, i. 2. The conventional atmosphere of a drawing-room, in which the gravest problems were apt to be forgotten in the flash of an epigram or the turn of a bon mot. The Century, XLI. 804. No man rallies with a better grace, and in more sprightly turns . Swift , Tale of a Tub, Ep. Ded. 6. In music, a melodic embellishment or grace, consisting of a principal tone with two auxiliary tones lying respectively next above and below it in the diatonic series. It is indicated by the sign~. When the sign is placed over the given note the upper auxiliary tone is sounded first; but when it is placed after Written. Performed. -5 the given note that note is sounded first. Chromatic alterations are indicated by accidentals over or under the sign. A turn occurring in two parts at once is called double, and is indicated by the sign. A turn in which the lower auxiliary tone is performed first is called in verted or a back - turn, and is indicated by the sign. 7. One round or return of rope, cord, or the like, when laid in a coil or skein.-8. A short walk, ride, or drive which includes a going and a returning; a promenade. You and I must walk a turn together. Shak ., Hen. VIII., v. 1. 94. He told me that his master came to town last night, and would be glad to take a turn with me in Grays-Inn walks. Add is on, Spectator, No. 269. Moore left his desk, and permitted himself the recreation of one or two turns through the room. Charlotte Brontë, Shirley, xxviii. 9. A spell, as of work; a job: as, he has not done a turn of work for several months. Not able to do a hand's turn for myself. Lever , Davenport Dunn, v. 10. Opportunity or privilege enjoyed in alternation with another or with others; the time or occasion which comes in due rotation or order 11. An act; deed; especially, an incidental or opportune act, deed, office, or service; act of kindne or of malice: as, a shrewd turn. In requyting a good tourne, shew not thy selfe negligent nor contrarye. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 106. For your kindne I owe you a good turn. Shak., M. for M., iv. 2. 62. One good turn requires another. Beau , and Fl . , Little French Lawyer, iii. 2. Chilon was wont to say, That it is commendable in men to forget bad turnes done, but to bee mindefull of courtesies receiued. Heywood , Hierarchy of Angels, p. 535. 12. A stratagem; a trick. Of all the tornes that he cowthe he schewed him but oon. Tale of Gamelyn, 1. 244. 13. Convenience; requirement; emergency; present need: as, to serve one's turn. Pilia. Jew, I must have more gold. Bar. Why, want'st thou any of thy tale? Pilia. No, but three hundred will not serve his turn. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. But for my daughter Katherine, this I know, She is not for your turn . Shak . , T. of the S., ii. 1. 63. And if the garden would not serve their turn , then was the park the fittest place. Court and Times of Charles I. , I. 33. The Bible is shut against them [hinderers of reformation] as certaine that neither Plato nor Aristotle is for Milton , Reformation in Eng., ii. their turnes. 14. A nervous shock, such as is caused by alarm or sudden excitement. [Colloq.] What a hard-hearted monster you must be, John, not to have said so at once, and saved me such a turn! Dickens , Cricket on the Hearth, ii. Mrs. Tulliver gave a little scream as she saw her, and felt such a turn that she dropped the large gravy-spoon into the dish, with the most serious results to the tablecloth. George Eliot , Mill on the Flo , i. 7. 15t. An execution by hanging: from the former practice of making the criminal stand on a ladder, which was turned over at a signal, leaving him suspended.-16t. In law, same as tourn. -17. pl. In med., monthly courses; menses.18. In furriery, a bundle of five dozen skins. -19. A load; a pack; as much as can be carried at one time by a man or an animal. Sometimes he would bring a turn of wood, sometimes a bag of meal or potatoes. J. C. Harris, Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 704. 20. In printing , a type turned upside down and showing black in proof, as a temporary substitute for a letter that is mi ing; also, a letter wrongly placed so that the face is turned. He shows a curious printer's blunder at the end of one page, where the whole of the last reference-line is put in upside down. A turn of this magnitude could hardly have occurred if the letters had been set in the forme type by type. Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 693. By turns. (a) One after another; alternately; in succe ion. Every one of the fiue went through the guard to fetch a childe each after other by turns. Capt. John Smith , Works, I. 140. By turns to that, by turns to this a prey, She knows what reason yields, and dreads what madne may. Crabbe, Works, I. 51. And love and prayer unite, or rule the hour by turns . Byron, Childe Harold, i. 67. (b) At intervals. Feel by turns the bitter change. Milton , P. L., ii. 598. Dead turns. A dynamo-electric machine through which the current is kept constant is found to have an electromotive force nearly proportional to the angular velocity of the armature le a constant. This constant, expre ed in turns per second or per minute, has been called the dead turns of the machine. - Direct turn, in music , an ordinary turn, as distinguished from an inverted turn.Ill turn. (a) An unkind, injurious, or spiteful act. (b) A change for the worse, especially in a case of illne . In turn, in due order of succe ion. - On the turn, at the turning-point; hence, changing; altering; on the point of or in proce of reversal: as, the tide is now on the turn ; our fortunes are on the turn . And now by-gynneth thi gyle a-gayn on the turne, And my grace to growe ay wydder and wydder. Piers Plowman (C), xxi. 402. Partial turn, in music, a turn in which the last tone is prolonged, so that the first three tones amount to a triple appoggiatura. In a slow tempo a turn on a long note is usually thus rendered. - Racking turns. See rack1. Round turn. See round1. - Sheriff's turn. See sheriff 1. The turn of a hair. See hairl . To a turn, to a nicety; exactly; perfectly: as, the meat is done to a turn : from the practice of roasting meat on a revolving spit. IMG:content-1100.png:[blocks in formation] Turn of life. See menopause . - Turn toll. See toll1 . turnabout (tern'a-bout"), n. 1. A merry-go round; a carrousel. The high swings and the turnabouts ; the tests of the strength of limb and lung. Harper's Mag., LXXIX. 560. 2. One who turns things about; an agitator; an innovator. Our modern turnabouts cannot evince us but that we feel we are best affected when the great mysteries of Christ are celebrated upon anniversary festivals. Bp . Hacket , Abp. Williams, ii. 36. ( Davies .) 3. A disease in cattle characterized by giddine and staggering. The Turn - about and Murrain trouble Cattel. Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Furies. turn-again-gentlemen (tern'a-gen-jen'tlmen), n. The martagon, or Turk's-cap lily. Britten and Holland . [Prov. Eng.] Turnagra (ter'na-grä), n. [NL. (Le on, 1837), prob. Tur ( dus ) + ( Ta ) nagra .] A genus of thrush-like birds peculiar to New Zealand. T. cra irostris, originally described by Latham in 1783 as the IMG:content-1101.png:[graphic][merged small] thick-billed thrush, was formerly common on the South Island of New Zealand, but is now nearly extinct. A second species is T. tanagra of the North Island. Also called Keropia, Otagon, and Ceropia. turnback (tern'bak), n. In saddlery, a local name for the strap which goes from the hames back to the hip-strap. See cut under harne . turn-bench (tern'bench), n. A simple portable lathe, used by clock and watch-makers. turn-bridge (tern'brij), n. A swing or swivel bridge; a pivot-bridge. Also turning - bridge. E. H. Knight. See cut under bridge1. The span of all the turn bridges is 75 ft. in the clear. The Engineer, LXX. 391. turnbroacht (tern'brōch), n. [Early mod. E. turn - broche ; turn , v . , + obj. broach .] A turnspit. Turne-broches, les galopins. Palsgrave , p. 909 (Du Guez, Introductorie). Has not a deputy married his cook-maid? An alderman's widow one that was her turn -broach? Beau . and Fl ., Wit at Several Weapons, iii. 1. turnbuckle (tern'buk"l), n. A device for connecting and tightening two parts of a metal rod or bar. It is e entially a right-and-left screw coupling. A common form is that of a link one or both Open Turnbuckle. ends of which screw on the ends of the parts of the bar; if one end, the other is fitted with a swivel; if both ends, one has a right-handed and the other a left-handed screw.Pipe-turnbuckle, a right-and-left pipe-coupling. - Sin turnbuckle gle-screw turnbuckle, a swivel-link used for connecting lightning-rods. Turn bull's blue. A species of Pru ian blue which is thrown down when pota ium ferricyanide (red pru iate of potash) is added to a solution of a ferrous salt. When dry it has a beautiful blue color with a reddish luster.