HAITI, OR HAYTI

the second largest island in W. Indies (17° 37’-20° N., 68° 20’-74° 28’ W.), separated from Cuba (the largest) by the Windward Pa age, and from Porto Rico by Mona Pa age. Cap... Port-au-Prince. Haiti isl. is divided into two republics—Haiti in W., and Santo Domingo in E. Republic of Haiti, originally a Fr. colony, was formed in 1804, Language of whites is French; religion is R.C. In 1910 education was made compulsory. It po e es a small fleet and army. Surface is mountainous, ranges running to both coasts. Highest peak, Loma ‘Tina (10,300 ft). These mountains are covered with pine, oak, and other forests— much valuable timber being produced. Rivers are not navigable. There are many large lakes. Earthquakes are frequent and hurricanes common; climate is hot in low-lying parts, but healthful elsewhere. Cotton, rice, maize, sugar, coffee are cultivated. Haiti is rich in minerals, gold, silver, iron, copper, etc., which are as yet undeveloped. Haiti was discovered by Columbus 1492; aboriginals were speedily exterminated by Spaniards; negroes introduced, many struggles between blacks and whites resulting. Government is by chamber of deputies (99 members elected for two years by community) and senate (15 members chosen for six years by commons from list drawn up by electors and president). Both chambers choose president for four years. Since 1906 Haiti has been practically an American protectorate. Domestic turmoil resulted in the establishment of order by American marines, Payment of members obtains. Pop. of town, Muzaffarpur, Bihar and Ori a, India, on Gandak; has large river trade. Pop. 22,000.