Révolution and the Place Louis XV

In 1763 the waste land here was transformed into a piazza to be called the Place Louis XV.: this was begun by the architect Gabriel. On May 30, 1770, while the work was still unfinished, the marriage of the dauphin was celebrated there by a great fête. In 1792 the statue of Louis XV., which had stood in the center, was pulled down and replaced by a plaster statue of Liberty, near which was the guillotine. Louis XVI., Marie Antoinette, and many of the nobility were beheaded here. Its present name dates from 1795. The Obélisque de Luxor was brought here in 1833. Place du Carrousel (dü kä-rö-zel'). A square in Paris, north of the Seine and east of the Louvre. Its name is derived from the tournament held here in 1662. See Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel . Placentia. See Piacenza . deserted there by Orellana, who made the first descent of Placentia (pla-sen's hi-ä). A small seaport in to lead the opposition to Vasco Nuñez Vela and the "New the Amazon. In 1544 he consented, after some hesitation, Laws"; war ensued; and Vela was defeated and killed at the battle of An a qui to, Jan. 18, 1546. Pizarro was recognized by the colonists as ruler, and his officers seized the Pius IX. (Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti). Born at Sinigaglia, near Ancona, Italy, May 13, 1792: died at Rome, Feb. 7, 1878. Pope 1846- 1878. He became archbishop of Spoleto in 1827; was ap- pointed cardinal in 1840; and ascended the papal throne in 1846. His grand object at his acce ion was to bring about a confederation of the Italian states under the papal supremacy. With this object in view, he placed himself at the head of the movement for reform, proclaimed an amnesty to political offenders, reorganized the municipal government of Rome, and granted a constitution to the Papal States. Frightened, however, by the increasing of Centeno. Pizarro now returned to Cuzco, and met the mands of the populace, he fled to Gaeta in Nov., 1848, while a republic was proclaimed at Rome. He was restored by the aid of the French in 1850. Henceforth he maintained an attitude of conservatism. A Newfoundland, 63 miles west-southwest of St. John's. Placentia Bay. An inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Newfoundland. Length, about 65 miles. Isthmus of Panama. The Spanish government now sent Pedro de la Gasca, with extraordinary powers, to take se ion of the government. By politic means he obtained Place Royale, La, ou l'Amoureux ext rav a po e ion of the isthmus. Pizarro refused to treat with gant. A comedy by Corneille, produced in 1634. him, and Gasca landed at Tumbez June 13, 1547. Alarmed by numerous desertions, Pizarro attempted to retreat Placerville (pläʼsėr-vil). The capital of El southward. At Huarina, near Lake Titicaca, he and his Dorado County, California, situated about 40 lieutenant, Carbajal, met and defeated the royalist force miles east-northeast of Sacramento. Popula IMG:content-0927.png:[blocks in formation] part of his dom i nom promising editor Emmanuel in 1860, and he was altogether deprived of his temporal or 1479 (?): died there, 1578. Half-brother (le- power Through his influence the doctrine of July 18, 1870. signed by Louis XIV. Napoleon I. erected a triumphal column here in 1806. See Column Vendome. IMG:content-0928.png:[blocks in formation] Platæa (pla-te'ä), or Platææ (pla-tē'ē). [Gr. Πλάταια , Πλαταιαί .] In ancient geography, a city of Bœotia, Greece, situated at the foot of Mount acter in "The Critic," by Sheridan. It is a satir- ical portrait of Cumber land, said to have been written in revenge for the latter's behavior at the first night of the "School for Scandal" Plague of Serpents, The. A powerful ceiling picture by Tin to ret to, in the Scuola di San Rocco at Venice. There are many figures scattered in flight and death before swarms of small but monstrous flying Plain (plan), The. In the legislatures of the first French revolution, the floor of the house, осси- pied by the more moderate party; hence, that party itself, as distinguished from the Mountain (which see). Plain Dealer (plān de'ler), The. A comedy by Wycherley, produced in 1674 and printed Plain field (plan'feld). A city in Union County, New Jersey, 24 miles west-southwest of New York. Population (1900), 15,369. Planché (plon-shā'), James Robinson. Born at London, Feb. 27, 1796: died May 29, 1880. An English dramatist and writer on heraldry, costume, etc. He wrote more than 200 plays. He was created Rouge-Croix Pursuivant of Arms in 1854, and Plant in (plon-tan'), Chris top he. Chris top he. Born near Tours, France, 1514: died at Antwerp, 1589. A 514: died French printer in Antwerp. He published polyglot Bible (1569-72). See Antwerp . Plant in-Moretus, Musée. See Antwerp . Plasencia (plä-sen'the-ä). A town in the prov- ince of Caceres, western Spain, situated on the Jerte 70 miles south-southwest of Salamanca. The cathedral is of the florid architecture of Ferdinand and Isabella, with later cla ical alterations and additions. The choir-stalls are remarkable even in Spain: the carving is admirable, and the blending of sacred and profane sub- jects very curious. Population (1887), 8,044. Pla ey, or Pla i (pläs'sē). A place in Bengal, British India, situated on the Hugli 85 miles north of Calcutta. Here, June 23, 1757, the British forces (3,200) under Clive defeated the Bengal army (50,000) under Surajah Dowlah. The battle is important as virtually securing the establishment of the British power in India. Plata, Go be rna cion del Rio de la. See Rio de la Plata . Plata (plätä), La. See Argentine Confederation. Plata, La, Audience of. The audience of Chuquisaca, otherwise called La Plata. See allied with Athens; furnished a contingent against the Per- sians at Marathon in 490 B. C.; was the scene of a famous battle in 479 (see below); was unsucce fully attacked by the The bans in 431; was besieged by the Peloponnesians in 429, and taken in 427; was rebuilt in 387, again destroyed by the The bans about 372, and rebuilt 338. The site contains a few ruins: a Heræum, or temple of Hera, was discovered in 1891. Platæa, Battle of. A victory gained in 479 в.с. by the Greeks (about 110,000, Lacedæmonians and others) under Pausanias over the Persians (about 300,000) under Mard on i us. It resulted in the final repulse of the Persian invasion of IMG:content-0929.png:[blocks in formation] Plato. A large crater in the moon. Plato. An A then i an comic poet who flour is he fo from 428 to 389 B. C. He is ranked among the very wa best of the poets of the Old Comedy. He carried on ain poetic contest with Aris toph anes, and attacked the dem a gogues Cleon, Hyper bolus, Agyrrhius, and Cleophon. Fr ments only of his works are extant. William Davenant, printed in 1636. Platt (plat), Charles A. Born at New York, W Oct. 16, 1861. An American landscape-painter and etcher. He was a pupil of Boulanger. Platt (plat), Thomas Collier. Born at Owego, N. Y., July 15, 1833. An American Republican politician. He studied at Yale without taking a degree, engaged in mercantile pursuits, and became president of the Tioga, New York, National Bank. He was a member of Con gre from New York 1873-77. In Jan., 1881, he was elected P United States senator to succeed Francis Kernan, whose b term expired in March, but resigned his seat in Maat the p instance of his colleague Conkling. (See Conkling , Roscoe .) He was again elected to the Senate in 1897. He has been Plateau (plä-to'), Joseph Antoine Ferdinand. Born at Bru els, Oct. 14, 1801: died at Ghent, Sept. 15, 1883. A Belgian physicist, profe or of experimental physics and astronomy at Ghent 1835-71: noted for his researches in molecular forces and in optics. His chief work is "Sta- tique expérimentale et théorique des liquides" (1873). Platen (plä 'ten), August, Count von Platental length, including North Fork, about 900 miles. It is Hallermund (or-Hallermünde). Born at Ans- bach, Bavaria, Oct. 24, 1796: died at Syracuse, Sicily, Dec. 5, 1835. A German poet. He was at first in the cadet corps at Munich. In 1815, as a Bavarian lieutenant, he was in the field against France. Subse- quently, without having left the army, he studied linguis- tics at Würzburg and Erlangen; afterward he traveled much abroad, particularly in Italy and the South. He is buried in Syracuse. Among his poems are particularly to be ment i med his sonnets and the "Ghaselen," written in the Persian form of the gazel," the first of which ap- peared in 1821: he also wrote odes, idyls, songs, and ballads. In 1826 appeared the satiric comedy "Die verhängni volle Gabel" ("The Fatal Fork"), directed against the "fate tra- gedies," so called; and in 1829 "Der romantische Edipus" ("The Romantic Edipus "), directed against German ro- manticism: plays that gave him the title of a German Aris- tophanes. "Gedichte" ("Poems") appeared in 1828. His last great work is the Oriental legendary epic "Die Abas- siden" ("The Abas sides," 1835). His collected works ap- peared at Stuttgart, in 1876, in two volumes. Plate River. See Rio de la Plata . Platine (plä'tin) Colonies. [Sp. Coloni as del Rio de la Plata .] A collective name for the Spanish colonies bordering on the Rio de la Plata and its affluents. These were at first included in the colony of Paraguay, from which Buenos Ayres was separated in 1620. (See de la Plata .) Monte video (now Uruguay) was made a government subject to that of Buenos Ayres in 1750. In 1776 the colonies were united with others in the vice royalty of La Plata. Platine States, The. A collective name for the Rio de la Plata and its tributaries; at pres- the Spanish-American countries bordering on ent, the Argentine Republic, Uruguay, and Pa- raguay. Uruguay was attached to Brazil from 1821 to Buenos Ayres, but were reunited to it in 1859. Plato (plātō), originally Aristocles. [Gr. Πλάτων : so surnamed from his broad shoulders.] Born at Ægin a, 429 or 427 B. c.: died at Athens, 347. A famous Greek philosopher, a disciple of So crates and the teacher of Aristotle: the founder of the Academic school. His father, Ariston, and his mother, Per ict i one, were of aristocratic birth. He was in his youth a succe ful gymnast, a soldier, and a poet. After he became a disciple of So crates he is said to have destroyed his poems, but some epigrams attributed to him are extant. His a ociation with his master lasted from an early age until So crates's death. After this event he went to Eucleides at Megara, and later journeyed in Egypt, Cyrene, Sicily, and Magna Græcia. By Dionysius of Syracuse, who was of fended at his opinions, he was delivered to the Spartan am- ba ador Pollis, who sold him as a slave in Ægin a. He was ransomed, returned to Athens, and founded the Academy (which see). In 367 he revisited Syracuse on the invitation of Dion and of Dionysius the younger, but soon left, re- returned to Athens, where he lived until his death, which occurred at a marriage-feast. All his genuine works have been preserved; but some extant works attributed to him are spurious. The former include the dialogues "Pro- tagoras," "Phædrus," "Symposium," "Gorgias," "Theæ- tet us," "Republic," "Timæus," "Philebus," "Sophist," "Politic us," "Par me nides," "Cratylus," "Laws," "Crit. ias," "Meno," "Euthydemus," "Apology," "Crito," "Ly- sis," "Charm ides," "Laches," "Le er Hippias," "Euthy- phro," "Menexenus" (?), and "Ion" (?). Plato's philoso- phy, which is still the greatest exposition of idealism, was founded on the Socratic teaching, but went far beyond it in a speculative direction. (See So crates .) It has, with Aristo tel i an ism, largely controlled the progre of specula- Plato. A remarkable Greek bust in bronze, of the first half of the 4th century B. c., in the Museo Nazionale, Naples, once supposed to rep- resent the great philosopher. Many consider it a bearded type of Dionysus; some the famous IMG:content-0930.png:[blocks in formation] Play fair, Sir Lyon, first Lord Play Vir. Born at Meerut, Benge 1, May 21, 1819: ded at Lon- don, May 29, 1890. A British chemt and Lib- eral politician. istry in the Universia y of Edinburgh in 185.3 was elected to Parliament in 1860; and was postmaster eneral 1873- 1874, and chairman of the committee of was and means and deputy speaker of the House of Comions 1880-83. He was created Bason Play fair in 1892. e published The Century Cyclopedia of Names easonton (plez'on-ton), Alfred. Born at COK Washington, D. C., Dec., 1823: died there, Feb. 36. 17, 1897. An American general. He graduated at at Na West Point in 1844; served in the Mexican war; and was sens promoted captain in 1855. He became a major of cavalry Bonin in the Army of the Potomac in Feb., 1862; served through the Peninsular campaign; became brigadier-general of volunteers in 1862; was engaged in the battles of South B Mountain, Antietam, and Fred ericks burg; distinguished himself at Chancellorsville; and commanded the cavalry at Gettysburg. He drove Sterling Price out of Mi ouri pra in 1864. He retired with the rank of colonel in 1888. Pleasures of Hope. A poem by Thomas Campbell, published in 1799. Plea ures of Memory. A poem by Samuel - Rogers, published in 1792. panys