Oxford

He wrote "On the August in i an Doctrine of Pre destination" (1855), "The Primitive Doctrine of Baptismal Regeneration" (1856), "On Miracles" (1865), etc. Mpongwe (mpong'gwe). A Bantu tribe of the French Kongo, settled around the Gabun estu ary, famous as traders and middlemen between the whites and the interior natives. Semi-civilized and corrupted by prolonged contact with the whites, they are dying out, but their language will remain, since it is adopted by the inland natives who pre to the coast. The Mpongwe are divided into four social cla es: (a) the Mpongwe of pure blood; (b) those descended from an slaves. alien mother; (c) those born of slave women; and (d) Mrichchhakatika (mrch-ch-ha-kaʼti-kä). [Skt. mrid , clay, and shakatikā , a small cart.] "The Little Clay Cart," a Sanskrit drama. It is a work of remarkable power, comparable to the best modern comedies in plot, incident, character delineation, and felicity of diction, and extraordinary in its minute directions to the actors and its various scenic artifices. It has been supposed to have been written in the 1st or 2d century, but Von Schröder puts it in the 5th or 6th. Its authorship is ascribed in flattery to a king Shudraka, who is praised in the prologue. Pischel, after a igning it earlier to Bhasa, believes its real author to have been Dandin. The hero is Charudatta, a virtuous Brahman, reduced to poverty by his generosity; the heroine, Vasantasena, a beautiful and wealthy hetaira, who loves him and repulses the king's brother-in-law, Sams than aka. Vasantasena is purified and ennobled by her affection, and at last weds Charudatta. "The little clay cart" or "toy cart," from which the name comes, is a plaything of the little son of Charudatta. Visiting Charudatta at his house, Vasantasena finds his child crying because his toy cart is of clay while the cart of a neighbor's child is of gold. Vasantasena fills the boy's cart with her jewels, and tells him to have a gold cart made from these. The Mrichchhakatika has been translated into English by Wilson, into German by both Böht Mugwumps Scott's novel “Old Mortality," a fanatical leader of the Covenanters. Muckro (muk'ros). A peninsular tract between two of the lakes of Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland, notable for its abbey, a Francis can foundation of the 15th century. The church has a low, square tower at the cro ing, a rece ed pointed doorway at the west end, and a very beautiful east window. The quadrangular cloister is almost perfect, about 50 feet to a side, and of great beauty. On two sides the arches are semicircular. Of the secular buildings the dor. mitory, refectory, and kitchen are noteworthy. Mucuchies. See Timotes . Mudania (mö-dä'nē-ä). A town in the vilayet of Khodavendikyar, Asia Minor, Turkey, situated on the Sea of Marmora 50 miles south of Constantinople. Population, estimated, 10,000. Mudie (mu'di), Cha Charles Edward. Born at Chelsea, Oct. 18, 1818: died at Hampstead, Oct. 28, 1890. An English bookseller. In 1842 he lating library in Londor Hot Stray Leaves (1872) founded Mudie's Library, which is now the largest circuMudki, or Moodkee (möd'kē). A place in the Panjab, British India, 67 miles south-southeast of Lahore. Here, Dec., 1845, the British under Gough defeated the Sikhs. Mudra rakshasa (mö-drä-räk's ha-sa). [Skt., 'Rakshasa and the Signet-ring."] A celebrated Sanskrit political drama, in seven acts, by Vishakhadatta: ascribed by Wilson to the 11th or 12th century, by Pischel to the beginning of the 11th, and by Kashinath Trimbak Telang and Hillebrandt to the 7th or 8th. It introduces Chan drag upta or Sandrocottus, the great founder of the dynasty, and his minister Chanakya, an Indian Machia vell i. The latter is represented as having slain King Nanda and a isted Chan drag upta to the throne. The design is to show how Chanakya by all po ible means effects a reconciliation between Rakshasa, the minister of the mur. dered Nanda, and the persons on whose behalf he was killed. It has been translated into English by Wilson. Muerto (mö-ār'tō), Jornada del. [Sp., 'journey of the dead.'] A very arid plateau, about 65 miles long and from 20 to 30 broad, on the east side of the Rio Grande, and separated from that river by a series of arid mountains, the Sierra Fra Cristobal, Sierra del Caballo, and Sierra del Perrillo. There is permanent water in one locality only. Previous to the construction of the At chis on, Topeka, and Santa Fé Railroad, the Jornada del Muerto was a much dreaded portion of the road between El Paso del Norte and Santa Fé, both on account of its aridity and on account of the Apaches who almost constantly infested the region. Artesian wells have lately been sunk in various places, and cattle are being herded on some portions. Muette de Portici, La. An opera by Auber, words by Scribe and Delavigne. It was produced at Paris in 1828, and in England as "Masa niello" in English in 1829 and "La Muta di Portici" in Italian in 1851. Dec. 5, 1791. A celebrated Austrian composer, son of Leopold Mozart. He showed a precocious knowledge of music when only three years old, and first appeared in public in a performance at the University of Salzburg, in 1761, when between five and six years of age. In 1762 his father took him with his sister Marianne on a concert tour to Munich, Vienna, and other places, and in the next year to Paris, where they, especially Wolfgang, excited great enthusiasm. At London in the next year they were equally succe ful, and remained in England till Aug., 1765. Mozart during this time composed a number symphonies, sonatas, and the overtures for two of his concerts: they also played at their lodgings for such as chose to test their genius in private. They finally arrived at Salzburg again in Nov., 1766, and in 1768 were received at court in Vienna, where Mozart was urged by the emperor to compose an opera and conduct it. He took the story of "La Finta Semplice," and his opera (though opposed by the envy of other musicians) was finally performed at Salzburg, He succeeded in producing "Bastien Bastiene in suprivate theater at Vienna, and he also composed and conducted the music at the ceremonies of the consecration of the new church at Waisenhaus. From 1769 to 1771 they traveled in Italy, Mozart winning fresh laurels. In 1777 he went to Paris with his mother, where he found that the admiration accorded to a precocious child was not so easily obtained by a mature musician. After the death of his mother he returned to Salzburg, and in 1781 to Vienna, where he lived with the archbishop. He reaped but little pecuniary benefit from his compos i tions, and his health began to fail. In 1791 he wrote his three greatest symphonies and the "Magic Flute," and in this year received the famous commi ion from a mysteri stranger afterwards to be editunt Walsegg) to requiem ma finished within a month. His enfeebled health and various circumstances connected with the commi ion produced a serious effect on his already troubled brain, and he imagined it to be a summons from the other world. He began the ma , how. ever, and said that it was for his own funeral. As he was already dying, he was not able to supervise the rehearsal of the finished part. He died of malignant typhus fever. There were no ceremonies at his grave, and even his friends followed him no farther than the city gates, owing to a violent storm. He was buried in the common ground of St. Marx, and the exact position of his grave is not known. Brandes, and into Ru ian by Ko owitsch. A full account of the play is given in Von Schröder's "Indien's Literatur und Cultur: Vorlesung 43." Msidi (msēdē), or Mushidi (mö-she'dē). See Garenganze . Mstislavl (mste-slävl'). A town in the government of Mohileff, Ru ia, 57 miles east of Mohileff. Population (1893), 8,799. Mtesa (mtā'sä). Died1885. A king of the Ganda tribe, East Africa, made famous by the visits at his court of Speke, Grant, Emin, and Stanley. He treated with the khedive and the Sultan of Zanzibar as an equal. He had many good qualities, but kept wavering between paganism, Islam, and Christianity until his death. Mtsensk (mtsensk). A town in the government of Orel, Ru ia, situated on the Zusha 34 miles northeast of Orel. Population (1893), 16,318. Muata-Yamvo (mwätä-yäm'võ). The title of the king of the Lunda nation in central Africa: once the greatest potentate of Africa, now greatly reduced by civil wars and the raids of the "Mayor of Garratt,” said to be a satirical portrait of the Duke of Newcastle. Mügge (müg'ge), The odor. Born at Berlin, Nov. 8, 1806: died at Berlin, Feb. 18, 1861. A German novelist and writer of travels. Among his works are "Die Schweiz" ("Switzerland," 1847), the novel “To us saint" (1840), etc. Muggendorf(mög'gen-dorf). A village in Upper Franc on i a, Bavaria, situated on the Wiesent 25 miles north-northeast of Nuremberg. There are celebrated stalactitic grottoes in the vicinity. Mugg let on (mug'l-ton), Lodowick or Ludowick. Born 1609: died 1697 or 1698. An English fanatic, founder, conjointly with John Reeve, of the Mugg let on i ans. His doctrines were published in "The Divine Looking-Gla " (1656). Mugg let on i ans(mug-l-to'ni-anz). A sect founded in England by Lodowick Mugg let on and John Reeve about 1651. The members of the sect believed in the prophetic inspiration of its founders, as being the two witne es mentioned in Rev. xi. 3-6, and held that there is no real distinction between the persons of the Trinity, that God has a human body, and that Elijah was his representative in heaven when he descended to die on the cro . The last member of the sect is said to have died in 1868. Makioko. Mucedorus (mu-se-dō'rus). A play, probably by T. Lodge, acted in 1653, printed in 1598. It has been a igned to Shakspere without reason- able ground. Much (much). A miller's son, one of Robin Hood's band, said to have been a real person. Mugheir. See Ur . Much Ado about Nothing. A comedy by Shak- Mug-house Club. A club which met at Long- spere, produced in 1597-98. It was first printed in 1.600. The play was known as "Benedict and Bettris" in 1613, and is probably the same as "Love's Labour 's Won" (which see). The story of Hero is taken with some variations from one of Bandello's tales, which probably was borrowed from the story of Geneura and Ariodantes in the "Orlando Furioso" of Ariosto. This part of the play, how. ever, is subordinated by Shakspere to the loves of Benedick and Be at rice. Mucius Scævola. See Scævola . Mücke (mük'ke), He in rich Karl Anton. Born at Breslau, Pru ia, April 9, 1806: died at Dü eldorf, Jan. 17, 1891. A German historical Many years after a monument was erected to him by the city of Vienna. He left over six hundred compositions, which include more than forty symphonies, a number of ma es (mostly composed in his youth), sonatas, quartets, (1781), "Mitridate," "La Finta Giardiniera," "Zaide," "Die Entführung aus dem Serail" (1782), "Le Nozze di Figaro" Muckle wrath (muk'l-räth), (muk'l-räth), Habakkuk. In pil of the Berlin and Dü eldorf academies, and profe or at the latter from 1844.