For'ey, Elie

FRÉDÉRIC, Marshal of France, B. in Paris, 1804, was admitted to the Military School of St. Cyr in 1822. He took part in the first expedition to Algiers, and distinguished himself at the battle of Medeah, in the retreat which followed the first siege of Const an tine, and at the Iron Gates. Having been placed at the head of a battalion of cha eurs - à - pied in 1840, he went through four other African campaigns, and returned to France with the rank of colonel in 1844, became a general in 1848, took an active part in the coup d'état of Dec. 1851, and was made a general of division and commander of the Legion of Honor in 1852. At the breaking out of the war with Ru ia, he was placed on the reserve division of the Army of the East, and for a time held the command of the siege force before Sebastopol. In 1857 he was nominated to the first division of the army of Paris. He commanded this division during the Italian war in 1860, gained at Montebello the first battle of the campaign, and distinguished himself at Magenta and Solferino, being wounded at the latter. When the expedition to Mexico was decided upon in 1861, F. received the command of the French troops. After overcoming many obstacles, and fighting several sanguinary engagements, he attacked and stormed the strong post of Puebla, thereby throwing open the road to the city of Mexico. For this service he was made Marshal of France, when he resigned his command to Gen. Bazaine, and returned home, receiving the command of the 2d corps d'armée, 1863. He received the Grand Cro of the Legion of Honor in 1859, and was called to the senate in that year. D. 1872. Forfar, a town of Scotland, cap. of For far shire, is situated in the Vale of Strath more, 14 m. N. of Dundee. Manuf. Linens, osnaburgs and Highland brogues. Pop. (1891) 12,844. For farshire, or ANGUS, a maritime county of Scotland, on the E. coast of that kingdom, having E. the German Ocean, S. the Frith of Tay and co. Perth, W. the latter, N. co. Aberdeen, and N.E. the co. of Kincardine. It is of an irregular shape, and comprises an area of 889 sq. m., or 568,750 acres. Desc . This co. is naturally divided into 4 dists., whereof the first , and most extensive, called the Braes of Angus , comprises all the S. slope of the Grampian Hills, from the summit of the ridge till it loses itself in the valley of Strath more. The mountains in this division occasionally present bold, terrific precipices. The second division consists of that portion of the valley of Strath more between the foot of the Grampians and the Sidlaw Hills ( Howe of Angus ), and is generally a finely diversified, well cultivated country. The third division consists of a portion of the Sidlaws, parallel to the Grampians, and attaining a height of from 1,200 to 1,400 ft. Some are detached, and covered with heath; others are well cultivated. The fourth and last division comprises the rich, low-lying, -pl . A game, in which something deposited is redeemed only by performing some sportive task or paying a tri- fling fine. For feitable, a. Subject to forfeiture. Forfeited, p . a . Lost or alienated by an offence, crime, or breach of condition. Forfeiture, n. [Fr. forfaiture , from L. Lat. forfa- tura.] ( Eng . Law .) A punishment annexed to some illegal act or negligence in the owner of real property, whereby he loses all his interest therein, and it goes to the party injured as a recompense for the wrong which either he alone or the public with him has sustained. Forfeitures are either civil or criminal . Civil forfeiture takes place when some alienation is made contrary to law, as in mortmain; or when a particular tenant alienes for a larger estate than he himself has, as when a tenant for life makes a conveyance in fee. Forfeiture for criminal causes takes place in treason or felony, and for one or two other offences. Forficula'riæ, n . pl . ( Zool .) The Earwig, a family of insects belonging to the sub-order Orthoptera . The Common Earwig, Forficula auricular i a (Fig. 1045), which may be given as type of the family, is about three quar- ters of an inch in length, and has a some- what flattened body; the wings being folded under very short and truncated elytra or wing-cases, and the extremity of the abdo- men armed with a horny forceps. When alarmed, the insect elevates the abdomen, and opens these forceps, in order to defend itself against the attack of enemies. Though not produced quite perfect from the egg, the Earwig requires but a very small change before it arrives at that state which fits it for flight and generation. Its natural func- tions are never suspended; from the instant it leaves the egg, it continues to eat, move, leap, and pursue its prey; and a skin, which inclosed a part of its body and limbs, bursts behind, and gives full play to a set of wings Fig . 1045. adapted to the nature of the work to be done. - Mor- rison's steam-hammer (Fig. 1046), lately introduced into this country, and with which a bar of iron can be forged of any size or thickne , is one solid wrought-iron ham- mer bar, piston-head and head for hammer face forged solid, with the bar pa ing through both ends of the cylinder, prevented from turning by the upper cylinder head. No guides below the cylinder. Slide-valve bal- anced. Double-acting hammers of all sizes, taking steam above and below the piston, with self-acting valve gear and hand movement; can be changed at will while in operation, thus affording complete control over its move- ments. Hammers of 2000 lbs. and under have one up- right only; those over this size, two. In puddling iron, when the ma of cast-iron has been sufficiently purified in the furnace by burning out its carbon and other im- purities, it is placed under the heavy forge-hammer (Fig. 1046), which squeezes out the liquid slag and forces the softened particles of iron to cohere into a continuous oblong ma or bloom . When iron is extracted from rich ores without first being converted into cast-iron, the forge-hammer is used to force the spongy ma of reduced ore into a compact bar of malleable iron. - See IRON. -v. a. To make out of stone, wood, or metal; to frame, construct, or fabricate. - To form by heating and ham- mering; to beat into any particular shape, as a metal. - To make by any means. - To make falsely; to counter- feit; to feign, as a signature. - To make in the likene of something else. IMG:content-0230.jpg:[graphic] Forg'er, n. One who forges; one who makes or forms. -One who counterfeits; a falsifier. Forg'ery, n. Act of forging; act of falsifying; the crime of counterfeiting; that which is forged or coun- terfeited. (Law.) The fraudulent making or alteration of any record, deed, writing, instrument, register, stamp, ., to the prejudice of another man's right. Most, and per- haps all, of the States in the Union have pa ed laws making certain acts to be F. , and the national legisla- ture has also enacted several on this subject; but these statutes do not take away the character of the offence as a misdemeanor at common law, but only provide ad- ditional punishment in the cases particularly enumer- ated in the statutes. Forked Deer River, in W. Tenne ee, formed by the junction of the N. and S. Forks in Dyer co., and flowing S.W., enters the Mi i ippi from Lauderdale co. Forked Head, a promontory of N. America, on the S.E. coast of Cape Breton, between Fourchon Harbor and Portland Cove. Forge, ( förj ,) n. [Fr. forge ; Sp. fragua ; Lat. fabric a , the workshops of a faber or mechanic.] ( Metal .) The apparatus or works for heating bars of iron and steel and working them under the hammer. Works in which cast-iron from the blast furnaces is converted into mal- leable iron by puddling ( q . v.) and subsequent hammer- ing, and also where the native ores of iron are reduced without fusion to the metallic state, are also called forges. Forges are required of various dimensions, and are often adapted to special uses. The common blacksmith's F. is a good representative of the smaller forges. It consists of a hearth in the platform from 2 to 21⁄2 feet high, on which a fire of fine coal is kin- dled. A hood of sheet-iron above the fire prevents the escape of smoke and gases into the room. A pair of large bellows, or a blowing-apparatus, worked by a lever or treadle which the smith can operate while tending his fire, opens by means of an iron nozzle through the back wall of the F. into the fire. A trough filled with cold water stands at the end of the hearth in which the tongs and heated iron may be cooled, and which serves also for tempering articles of steel. Near the hearth stands the anvil on which the heated iron is hammered. These, with the nece ary hammers, rasps, punches, drills, vices, ., constitute the outfit of the forge. The fuel may be charcoal, bituminous coal, Forget-me-not, n. ( Bot .) See MYOSOTIS. coke, or arthracite. It should be free from sulphur, as Forget'ter, n. One who forgets. this has an injurious effect on the iron; for this reason Forget'ting, n. Forgetfulne . hard-wood charcoal is an excellent material, though Forget'tingly, adv . Forgetfully; without attention. bituminous coal is very generally used. Portable forges, Forge Village, in Ma achusetts , a post-village of constructed of iron and containing within small space Middle sex co., about 30 m. N.W. of Boston. Fork'edly, adv . In a forked form. Fork'edne , n. Quality of being forked; furcation. Forked River, in New Jersey, a post-village of Ocean co., on a stream of the same name. Fork'head, n. The head or point of an arrow. Fork'ine , n. State of being forky or forked. Fork'le , a. That has no fork. Fork'land, in Alabama , a post-village of Greene co., at the confluence of the Black Warrior and Tombigbee rivers, about 18 miles S. of Eutaw. Forget', v . a . [A.S. for git an , forgytan - for , and get an . See GET.] To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the memory; not to remember; to slight; to neglect. Forgetful, a. Apt to forget; easily losing the remem--A township of North amp ton co. brance of; unmindful; negligent; heedle ; carele ; neglectful; inattentive; causing to forget; oblivious. Forget'fully, adv . In a forgetful manner. Forgetfulne , n. Quality of being apt to forget, or let anything slip from the mind; lo of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing to remember; obliviousne ; neglect; negligence; carele omi ion; inattention; heedle ne . the bellows and water-trough, are used in many work- Forg'ing, n. Act of beating into shape. - The act of shops; and from the facility with which they can be recounterfeiting. moved from one place to another, are well adapted for Forgivable, a . That may be forgiven or pardoned. (R.) use in the army and on lines of public works. For forg- ing heavy articles, as anchors, wrought-iron shafts for ocean-steamers, ., powerful machinery is required, Forgive', v . a . [ For and give ; A.S. for gif an . To give away or up; to relinquish; to release; to remit, as a debt, fine, or penalty; to remit; to pardon, as an -A township of Sullivan co. Forks of Salmon, in California , a post-village, cap. Forks'ville, in Virginia , a P. O. of Mecklenburg co. Fork'town, in Maryland , a village of Somerset co about 90 miles S.S.E. of Anna polis. Fork Union, in Virginia , a P. O. of Fluvanna co. Fork'y, a. Forked; opening into two or more parts, For'lar a, n. [It.] A slow kind of jig. For'li (anc. Forum Livii ), a walled city of central Italy, cap. of province of same name, in a fertile plain be- tween the Montone and Ronco, on the Emilian Way, 38 m. S.E. of Bologna, and 15 S.W. of Ravenna. Manuf. Silk ribbons and twist, oil-cloth, woollens, wax, nitre, and sulphur. In 1797 F. was taken by the French, who made it the cap. of the dep. Rubicon. In 1860 it was annexed to the kingdom of Italy. Pop . 40,222. Forlimpo'pol i, (anc. Forum Popilii ,) a town of Central Italy, prov. Forli, 5 m. S.E. of the city of Forli; pop . 5,244.