Camellia (kamelia)

[NL., after George Joseph Kamel, a Moravian Jesuit and traveler of the seventeenth century, by whom the Camellia Japonica was first described.] 1. A genus containing about a dozen species of shrubs or small trees, belonging to the natural order Ternstra miaceæ, natives of tropical and eastern Asia and the Indian archipelago. They all have thick, shining, evergreen leaves and white or rose-colored flowers. genus divided into two sections, one with pendu lous flowers and persistent sepals, represented by the tea plant, C. the if era (see tea ), the other with erect flowers IMG:content-2978.jpg:[graphic] IMG:content-2979.png:[graphic] Camellia (C. Japonica). and deciduous sepals, of which the common cultivated species, with beautiful but odorle flowers and elegant camellia, C. Japonica, is a conspicuous example. Of this camenes (kam'en-ēz), n. [See def.] In logic , the mnemonic name of a mood of the fourth figure of syllogism, of which the major premise is a universal affirmative, the minor a univer- sal negative, and the conclusion a universal negative proposition: as, Whatever is expe- dient is conformable to nature; nothing con- formable to nature is hurtful to society; there- fore, nothing hurtful to society is expedient. This mood was formerly considered by all (as it is still by some) logicians as belonging to the first figure, and as such was called celantes . When put into the fourth figure it was called clamentes , then camentes , then camenes , also calemes. Of the seven letters of the word camenes , six are significant. C signifies reduction to celarent ; a, e, e ind i- cate the quantity and quality of the premises and conclu- sion; m signifies transposition of the premises in reduc- cameo (kam'ē-ō), n. [ cammeo , a cameo, = F. camée (> G. camee = Dan. = Sw.kamé ) and camaieu ( semamaican Home cam ate P. camafeo , camafeio , camafeu (cf. MHG. gamahiu , chammachiu, a kind of diamond), mæus , camahutus , cam a hot us ; of unknown ori- gin.] 1. An engraving in relief upon a gem, a hard stone of moderate size, or a similar ma- terial, or the object itself so engraved, as dis- tinguished from an intaglio ; specifically, such an engraving upon a stone or a shell having two or three layers differing in color, such as an onyx, agate, etc., and so treated as to utilize the effect of the variety of coloring. Cameos on shell cameos , or those cut on shells which have superposed layers varying in color, such as the Ca is rufa , which gives red on sardonyx, the Ca is madagascar i ens is, white on dark claret, the Ca is cornuta, white on orange, the Strombus gigas , white on pink, and other tropical shells. Cameos in distinct bands of colors have been produced since about 150 B. c.; and some of the ancient examples, as the Sainte Chapelle agate, in Paris (13 by 11 inches), representing the apotheosis of August us, and the Vienna onyx (9 by 8 inches), representing allegorically the corona- tion of August us, surpa in size and in delicacy of execu- tion the best modern specimens. Hence-2. Raised or anaglyphic work in art on a miniature scale; specifically, the art of engrav- ing small figures in relief: opposed to intaglio : as, a stone or shell cut in cameo ; a vase orna- mented in cameo. - Cameo incrustation, the pro- duction of casts in relief within a coating of flint-gla . The proce consists in forming the design to be incrusted of le fusible material than the gla coating, which is welded upon the design while in a soft condition. - In cameo. See cameo , 2, above. cameo-gla (kam'ē-ō-glas), n. 1. Same as cased gla . See also cameo gla , under gla . - 2. A convex gla used in the mounting of hand-painted photographs. cameo-pre (kam'ē-ō-pres), n. A small screw- pre used to give a convex roundne to pho- to graphic portraits. The card is pre ed between the bed and platen, which are respectively convex and con- cave. E. H. Knight. cameo-shell (kam'ē-ō-shel), n. A shell of the family Ca ididæ , Ca is madagascar i ens is (so called by mistake), or C. cameo. The species is an inhabitant of the Caribbean and neigh- boring seas. cameo type (kam'ē-ō-tip), n. [ type , as in daguerreotype , etc.] A name formerly given to a small vignette daguerreotype for mounting in a jeweled setting. cameo-ware (kam'ē-ō-war), n. A cla of fine pottery ornamented with figures in relief, of a different color from the ground, and us a small scale. The so-called Wedgwood ware is of this cla . See jasper - ware , and Wedgwood ware , under ware . camera (kam'e-rä), n.; pl. cameras, cameræ raz, (-räz, -rē). [L. camera, camara, a vault (ML. a chamber), καμάρα , a vaulted cham- ber, anything with an arched cover; akin to L. camur, curved, crooked, W. Ir. Gael. cam , roof, ceiling, or covering; a vault.-2. Naut ., a small ve el used on the coasts of the Bos- por us and the Black Sea. Also camara .-3. The variety of camera obscura used by photog- raphers. It is made usually in the form of a box in two parts, connected by an extensible bellows-like arrange- ment serving to adjust the focus, and having one or more lenses fixed in the front. Photographic cameras are made in a great variety of shapes and sizes, according to use, as the pocket - camera , copying camera , landscape - camera , and portrait - camera ; and many different forms of lenses, so some of highly specialized types, are used. Provision is made for inserting in the back of the camera carriers or plate-holders containing the dry or wet sensitive plates or the paper films, etc., on which the photographs are taken. See camera obscura , below, and photography . 4. In an at .: (a) The so-called fifth ventricle of the brain, between the lam inæ of the septum lucidum. (b) Some other chambered or vaulted part or organ, as the pericardium ( camera cor- dis , chamber of the heart), the cranial cavity (camera cranii ), etc. - Camera aquosa (Latin, humid IMG:content-2980.png:[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors] camera obscura. The cam- era obscura is often made in the form of a circular build- ing capable of crooked, Gr. Gr. κάμπτειν, bend: see cam2 , camber chamber, comrade.] 1. In anc. arch., an arched holding a number of people, who stand about a plain white table which is placed in the center of the struc- IMG:content-2981.png:[graphic] IMG:content-2982.png:[blocks in formation] Deuyne Camenes , that with your sacred food Have fed and fosterde op from tender yeares A happye man that in your fauour stoode. Googe, Sonette of Edwardes of the Chappell. Photographers' Camera. A, swing-back camera; B, lens; C, movable stand; D, plate-holder; E, ground gla ; F, improved plate-holder for plates of different sizes. The human eye is a small camera obscura of wonderfully perfect construction. Lommel , Light (trans.), p. 102. Copying camera, a camera used for copying and enlarging photographs from negatives. The solar camera, for copying by direct solar light, is usually erected out of doors camera and directed toward the sun, the negative being placed near the lens and sheets of sensitive paper in the plane of focus. Copying cameras used with electric lights are also made of very great size, for producing life-size copies of portraits, the camera consisting e entially of a dark room easel travels in which thana bolding the prepared paper Des tective camera, a portable photographic camera adapted for making instantaneous pictures, especially of moving objects, while it is carried in the hand or otherwise about the person. The exposure is made by means of a spring, the object to be photographed being brought with in the range of the lens by means of a finder variously devised. In camera, in law, in chambers; in private: applied to a trial conducted with closed doors for some special reason touching the nature of the case or the evidence. Multiplying camera, in photog ., a camera fitted with a number of small lenses, so that it can take a number of pictures at one exposure. It is used for taking ferrotypes. -Solar camera. See copying camera. - Stereoscopic camera, a double camera giving two pictures upon the same plate, or a camera with a single lens and a shifting device for effecting the same end.