According to Hinrichs, Faust represents Philosophy, and Wagner Empiricism

Düntzer calls the latter "the representative of dead pedantry, of knowledge mechanically acquired"; while other critics consider that he symbolizes the Philistine element in German life, -the hopele ly material, prosaic, and commonplace. Taylor, Notes to Faust. Wagner (väg'ner), Adolf He in rich Gotthilf. Born at Erlangen, Bavaria, March 25, 1835. A German political economist, son of Rudolf Wagner: profe or at Berlin from 1870. He is noted for his works on finance, and as an advocate of the "socialism of the chair." Wagner, Moritz. Born at Bayreuth, Bavaria, Oct. 3, 1813: died at Munich, 1887. Á German traveler, naturalist, and geographer: brother of Rudolf Wagner. He traveled in Algeria 1836-38; in the Black Sea regions, the Caucasus, Kurdistan, Armenia, and Persia 1842-45; in North America 1852-55; and in Panama and Ecuador 1857-59. His works include "Reisen in Algier" (1841), "Der Kaukasus" (1847), "Reise nach Kolchis" (1850), "Reise nach dem Ararat, etc." (1850), "Reise nach Persien, etc." (1852), "Naturwi enschaftliche Reisen im trop is chen Amerika" (1870), and "Die darwin is che Theorie" (1868) and other works on evolution. He wrote, with Scherzer, "Reisen in Nor dam erik a" (1854) and "Die Republik Costa-Rica" (1856). Wagner, Richard. See Wagner , Wilhelm Rich and Wagner, Rudolf. Born at Bayreuth, Bavaria, June 30, 1805: died at Göttingen, May 13, 1864. A noted German physiologist, comparative anatomist, and anthropologist: profe or at langen 1832-40, and at Göttingen from 1840. Among his works are "Lehrbuch der ver glei chen den Anatomie" (1834-35), "Icones physiologicæ" (1839-40), "Lehrbuch der Physio logie" (1839), "Hand atlas der ver glei chen den Anatomie" (1841), "Handwörterbuch der Physio logie" (1842-53), "Neurologische Untersuchungen" (1854), "Der Kampf um die Seele" (1857), "Vorstudien" on the brain (1860-62). Wagner, Rudolf Johannes von. Born at Leipsic, Feb. 13, 1822: died at Würzburg, Oct. 4, 1880. A German chemist and technologist. He wrote "Lehrbuch der Chemie," "Handbuch der chem is chen Techno logie," "Theorie und Praxis der Gewerbe," "Die chemische Fabrikindustrie," etc. Wagner, Wilhelm Richard. Born at Leipsic, May 22, 1813: died at Venice, Feb. 13, 1883. A celebrated German operatic composer and poet. His father, who was a clerk to the police-courts of Leipsic, died a few months after his birth, and his mother married Ludwig Geyer and removed to Dresden. He was educated at Dresden and Leipsic; matriculated at the University of Leipsic in 1830; and studied music at Leipsic. At this time he had a great enthusiasm for Beethoven. He was chorus-master at Würzburg in 1833, in the theater where his elder brother Albert was actor and stage manager; music director at Magdeburg 1834-36; conductor at Königsberg in 1836, when he married Fraulein Planer; music director at Riga 1837-39; and lived in Paris 1839-42, where he struggled in vain to obtain a footing in some theater, and even offered himself as chorus-singer ("cho riste"). He, however, studied and wrote constantly, and finished his "Faust" overture in 1840, though it was not published till 1855: this is his first markedly original per form ance. In 1841 he composed his "Fliegende Hollän der," and endeavored unsucce fully to get his "Rienzi " produced at Paris. About this time the "Volksbuch" of the Tannhäuser legend came into his po e ion, and he was struck with its po ibilities. From this he was led to study the poems of Wolfram von Eschenbach and the "Loherangrin." He wrote the first sketches for his "Tannhäuser" in 1842. "Rienzi" was produced at Dresden in 1842, and was a succe . The next year "Der Fliegende Holländer" was produced there, with Madame Schröder-Devrient as Senta. He was appointed court kapellmeister at Dresden in 1843, where he remained for seven years. "Tannhäuser" was produced there in 1845, and was a comparative failure. He got into pecuniary difficulties, and his arrest was ordered for alleged participation in the revolutionary movements of 1849; but, with the a istance of Liszt, he escaped to Paris. He lived chiefly at Zurich until 1859; and was in London in 1855 and in Paris 1859-61. Ludwig II., king of Bavaria, sent for him to return to Germany in 1861, and from this time his life was comparatively free from struggle. He settled at Munich in 1864, and lived near Lucerne from 1866 till 1872. In 1869 he married Cosima, the daughter of Liszt; and settled at Bayreuth in 1872. His theater was founded there in 1872, and com pleted in 1876. The first performance in it was the "Nibethere. He went to London in 1877, but, his health beginlungen" tetralogy, and in 1882 "Parsifal" produced ning to give way, he went to Venice, where he died. He was buried in the grounds of "Wahnfried," his own house at Bayreuth. Among the many characteristics of his art theory are these the choice of a general subject in which the mythical and heroic elements are prominent; the amalgamation of poetry, music, action, and scenic effect into the most intimate union as equally important coöperating elements; the desertion of the conventionalities of the common Italian opera, especially of its sharply defined and contrasted movements and its tendency to display of mere virtuosity; the abundant use of leading motives as a means to continuous and reiterated emotional effect; the elaboration of the orchestral parts, so that in furnished unbroken presentation of or com mentary on the entire plot, and the free use of new and remarkable means of effect, both scenic and instrumental. The Wagner i an ideal is often called (sometimes derisively) "the music of the future," from the title of one of Wagner's e ays. While Wagner ism is best exemplified in the great dramas of Wagner himself, its qualities may be seen more or le in almost all the dramatic music of the last half of this century. His works include the operas "Rienzi" (1842), "Der Fliegende Holländer" ("The Flying Dutchman," 1843), "Tannhäuser" (first performed in 1845), "Lohengrin” (1850), “Der Ring des Nibelungen" (including "Das Rheingold," "Die Walküre," "Siegfried," "Götterdämmerung": first performed as a whole in the Wagner, Wilhelm Richard autumn of 1876), "Tristan und Isolde" (1865), "Die Meister singer von Nürnberg" (1868), "Parsifal" (1882); overtures, sonatas, songs, orchestral and choral works, pianoforte pieces, etc. His literary works are contained in ten volumes (1871-85), including the poems for his operas, much critical work, "Das Kunstwerk der Zukunft" ("The Art-Work of the Future," 1850), "Oper und Drama," "Beethoven," "Religion und Kunst," "Bayreuther Blat ter." etc. Wagram (vä'gräm), or Deutsch-Wagram (doich'vä'gräm). A village 9 miles northeast of Vienna. Here, July 5-6, 1809, the French under Napoleon (about 150,000) defeated the Austrians (about 120,000) under Archduke Charles. Lo on each side, about 25,000. Wagram, Prince of. A title of the French general Berthier. Wagstaff (wag's taf), Simon. The pseudonym of Swift in "Polite Conversation." Wahhabees, or Wahabis (wä-häʼbēz). The followers of Abd-el-Wahhab (1691-1787), a Mohammedan reformer, who opposed all practices not sanctioned by the Koran. His succe ors formed a powerful dominion whose chief seat was in Nejd in central Arabia. They were overthrown by Ibrahim Pasha in 1818, but afterward regained much of their former power in central Arabia. Also Wahhabites . Wahlstatt (väl'stät), Battle of, or Battle of Liegnitz. A battle between the Mongols and the Germans under Duke Henry II. of Silesia, fought April 9, 1241, at Wahlstatt, statt, a village 6 miles southeast of Liegnitz, in Silesia. The Mongols were victorious, but retired from Ger many. Wahlstatt, Prince of. A title of Blücher, who defeated the French at the battle of the Katzbach, near Wahlstatt, Aug. 26, 1813. Wahlverwandschaften (väl fer-vänt-shäf'ten), Die. [G., 'Elective Affinities.'] A romance by Goethe, published in 1809. Wahnfried (vän'frēt). [G., literally 'peace to illusion.'] The villa where Wagner lived during the later years of his life at Bayreuth. He was buried in the grounds. An inscription on the house means in English 'Here, where I found the fulfilment of my Ideal -Wahnfried - So shall this house be named.' Wahrheit und Dichtung (vär'hit önt dich'töng). [G., 'Truth and Poetry.'] An autobiographical work by Goethe. Three volumes were death and the fourth was published after his from disconnected materials. Wahsatch (wa-sach') Mountains. A range of mountains which extends from north to south through Utah, and forms the eastern wall of the Great Basin. Highest point, Mount Nebo (11,680 feet). Waiblingen (vī'bling-en). Atown in the Neckar circle, Würtemberg, situated on the Rems 7 miles northeast of Stuttgart. (Compare Wai blinger .) Population (1890), 4,786. Wai blinger (vi'bling-er). A surname of the Hohenstaufen, who held Waiblingen in the 12th century. From it came by corruption the Italian "Ghibelline." Waiilatpuan (wi"ē-lat'pö-an). [From way i letpu , the plural of wailet , a Cayuse man.] A linguistic stock of North American Indians, formerly living in Oregon and Washington. The Cayuse and Molale are the two tribes of this stock. Number (1893), about 446. Wain (wan), Charles's. In astronomy, the seven brightest stars in the constellation Ursa Major, or the Great Bear, which has been called a wagon since the time of Homer. Two of the stars are known as "the pointers," because, being nearly in a straight line with the pole-star, they direct an observer to it. Also called the Plow , the Great Dipper , the Northern Car, and sometimes the Butcher's Cleaver . [The name Charles's Wain, or Charles ' Wain , is a modern alteration of the earlier carl's wain , from late AS. carles wæn , the carl's or churl's wain, or farmer's wagon. The word wain came to be a ociated with the name Charles with reference to Charlemagne, the group being also called in ME. Charle maynes wayne. In the 17th century it was a ociated with the names of Charles I. and Charles II.] Wain, The Le er. Ursa Minor. Wäin amöinen. See the extract. The Kalevala begins with a cosmogony, which certainly offers interesting features for comparison, but in which there is much that may be foreign to the original heathen. conceptions. Then the epic deals with the adventures of the three heroes Wäin amöinen, Ilmarinen, and Lemminkäinen. These heroes of Kaleva go into the hostile north country of Pohjola as suitors, to fetch a bride, who is inally won by Ilmarinen: they return later to rob the Sampo treasure. Amongst the labours which Louhi, the hoste of Pohjola, lays upon them is a journey to Tuonela, with which a description of the lower regions is connected. La Sau aye , Science of Religion, p. 304. Waite (wat), Morrison Remick. Born at Lyme, Conn., Nov. 29, 1816: died at Washington, D. C., March 23, 1888. An American jurist. He gradu ated at Yale in 1837; was admitted to the bar in 1839; became a leader of the bar in Ohio: was counsel for the United States before the Geneva tribunal of arbitration 1871-72; and was appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1874. Waitz (vits), Georg. Born at Flensburg, Schleswig, Oct. 9, 1813: died at Berlin, May 24, 1886. A German historian. He aided Pertz in editing the "Monument a German iæ historic a"; became profe or at Kiel in 1842; was agent of the provisional government of Schleswig and Holstein in 1848; was a member of the Frankfort Parliament in 1848; became profe or at Götting en in 1849; and removed to Berlin as editor of the "Monu menta German iæ" in 1875. Among his works are "Deutsche Verfa ungsgeschichte" ("German Constitutional History," 1843-78), "Schleswig-Holsteins Geschichte" (18511854), "Lübeck unter Jürgen Wullenweber und die euro päische Politik" (1855-56), "Grundzüge der Politik" ("Principles of Politics," 1862), life of Ulfila, "Deutsche Kaiser." Waitz, The odor. Born at Gotha, Germany, March 17, 1821: died at Marburg, May 21, 1864. A German philosopher and anthropologist, profe or at Marburg. He wrote "Grundle gung der Psycho logie," "Lehrbuch der Psycho logie," "All gem eine Pädagogik," "An thro polo gie der Naturvölker" (1859-71), "Die Indianer Nor dam erik as," and edited Aristotle's gan on." Waitzen (vit's en), Hung. Vácz (väts). Atown in the county of Pest-Pilis-Solt, Hungary, situ ated on the Danube 20 miles north of Budapest. It has a cathedral, and is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishopric. The Turks were defeated here in 1597, and again in 1684, when the city was captured by Duke Charles of Lorraine. Here, April 10, 1849, the Hungarian insurgents defeated the Austrians; and here, July 15-17, 1849, there was fighting between the Ru ians and the Hungarian insurgents under Görgey. Population (1890), 14,450. Waldseemüller Walcot (wol'kot), Charles Melton. Born at London, 1816: died at Philadelphia, May 13, 1868. An English actor. He came to America in 1843, and in 1852 joined the company of Wallack's The ater, where he made a great succe as Touchstone, and also in Planché's "Lavater." He was the original Major de Boots in America. Waldeck (wol'dek; G. pron. väl'dek). A principality, one of the states of the German Empire. Capital, Arolsen. It comprises the county of Waldeck, surrounded by the Pru ian provinces of Westphalia and He e-Na au, and the principality of Pyrmont, surrounded by Lippe, Hannover, and Brunswick. Its surface is hilly and mountainous. It has one member in the Bundesrat and one deputy in the Reichstag. The government is administered by Pru ia. The inhabitants are Protestant. Waldeck was raised from a countship to a principality in the last part of the 17th century; was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine and of the Germanic Confederation; and sided with Pru ia in 1866. Area, 433 square miles. Population (1900), 57,918. Waldeck, Count and later Prince of (Georg Fried rich). Born 1620: died 1692. A German field-marshal. He was a general in the service of Brandenburg and Sweden; imperial field-marshal at St. Gotthard in 1664; served at the relief of Vienna in 1683; and was defeated as captain-general of the Dutch at Fleurus in 1690. Waldemar (wol'de-mär or väl'de -mär) I., "The Great." King of Denmark 1157-82. Waldemar II., "The Victorious." King of Denmark 1202-41, son of Waldemar I. He conquered Esthonia and many of the lands near the Baltic, but subsequently lost the greater part of them. Waldemar IV. King of Denmark 1340-75. Waldemar, "The Great." Margrave of Brandenburg 1308-19. He waged war succe fully against ton. Number (1894), portant trade in grain and wool. The new bishopric of Wake field was sanctioned in 1878. Here, Dec. 31, 1460, the Lancastrians under Queen Margaret defeated the York ists under Richard, duke of York, who was killed in the battle. Population (1891), 33,146. Wake field. A town in Middle sex County, Ma achusetts, 10 miles north of Boston. Population (1900), 9,290. Wake field, The Vicar of. See Vicar . Wake field Mystery Plays. A cycle of thirty two plays, of uncertain date, perhaps earlier than the 14th century. Twenty-four of the plays are from the New Testament and eight are from the old. They were played at the fairs of Woodkirk (Widkirk), near Wake field, and are called by all these names. They were first printed by the Surtees Society, in 1836, as "The Towneley Mysteries," from the fact that the MS. (15th century) in which they are preserved belonged to the library of the Towneley family, Towneley Hall, Lancashire, England. Wakem (wa'kem), Philip. One of the prin cipal characters in George Eliot's novel "The Mill on the Flo ," a deformed youth in love with Maggie Tulliver. Walachia. See Wall a chia . Walapai (wäl'ä-pi), or Hualapai. A tribe of North American Indians, living in Arizona from the great bend of the Colorado River eastward and southward to the Cerbat and Aquarius Mountains. The name means 'Pinery people,' referring to the pine forests. Number (1900), 635. See Yuman . Walch (välch), Christian Wilhelm Franz. Born at Jena, Germany, 1726: died at Göttingen, 1784. A German Protestant church historian, profe or at Göttingen. His chief work is "Entwurf einer vollständigen Historie der Ketzereien" (1762-85). Walcheren (väl'cher-en). The westernmost island of the province of Zealand, Netherlands. It is situated between the North Sea, the West Schelde, and North and South Bevel and. The surface is low. The chief places are Middelburg and Flushing. Length, 12 miles. Walcheren Expedition. An unsucce ful British expedition against the French. The troops landed on Walcheren in the end of July, 1809 - the land force (40,000) under Lord Chas am, and the naval force under Strachan. They bombarded and took Flushing in Aug.; failed to take Antwerp; and retired from Walcheren, after sustaining great lo es, in Dec. Walckenaer (väl-ke-när'), Baron Charles Athanase. Born at Paris, Dec. 25, 1771: died at Paris, April 27, 1852. A French entomologist, geographer, and biographer. He held various positions in the administrative service. Among his works are "Faune parisienne" (1802), "His to ire naturelle des aranéides" (1805-08), "His to ire de La Fontaine" (1820), "Géographie ancienne des Gaules" (1839), "His to ire d'Horace" (1840), "Mémoires sur Mme. de Sévigné" (18441852), "His to ire générale des voyages" (1826-31). 1 mile southwest of Breslau te center of a large coal-mining region, and has manuPopula factures of porcelain, stoneware, fire-clay, etc. tion (1890), with Ober-Waldenburg, 17,540. Walden Pond (wal'den pond). A small lake in Concord, Ma achusetts. On its shores Thoreau lived for years. Waldenses (wol-den'sēz). The Waldensians. Waldensians (wol-den's ianz). the fonensando or val do. The members of a reforming body of Christians, followers of Peter Waldo (Valdo) of Lyons, formed about 1170. Their chief seats were in the Alpine valleys of Piedmont, Dauphiné, and Provence: hence the French name Vaudois des Alpes , or Vaudois . The Waldenses joined the Reformation movement, and were often severely persecuted. Waldersee (väl'der-zā), Count Alfred von. Born at Potsdam, April 8, 1832: died at Hanover, March 5, 1904. A German general. He was chief of the general staff of the 10th army corps in the Franco-German war, became quartermaster-general and deputy of the chief of staff in 1881; succeeded Von Moltke as chief of staff in 1888; became commander of the 9th army corps in 1891, inspector-general of the 3d army corps in 1898, field-marshal in 1899, and commander-in-chief of the European forces in China in 1900. Waldis (väl'dis), Burkard. Born at All end orf on the Werra about 1495: died at Abterode probably in 1557. A German poet. The greater part of his early life was spent in Livonia. In 1523 he was sent by Archbishop Jasper van Linden to the Pope to solicit aid against the inroads of Protestant ism. On his return from Rome he was taken prisoner by the Protestants at Riga, where he himself went over to Protestant ism and lived for a time as a pewterer. Subsequently he was a clergyman at Abterode, in He e, where he died. He wrote fables in verse. His "Verlorener Sohn" ("Prodigal Son") is from 1527; "Esop" ("Æsop"), 1548. The former was published at Halle in 1881; the latter at Leipsic in 1882. Waldo, or Valdo (F. pron. väl-dō'), or Valdez, Peter. Lived in the last part of the 12th century. A merchant of Lyons who about 1170 became a preacher and leader of the Waldenses, who were named from him. Waldseemüller, or Waltzeemüller (vält'zāmül-ler), Martin (called by himself Hylacomylus, a Greek form of the name). Born at Freiburg about 1470: died after 1513. A German geographer. In 1504 he became profe or of geography in the col published a little treatise in Latin, the "Cosmographiæ in founded by the Duke of Lorraine at St. Dié. In 1507 he troductio," printed on the college pre in several editions, all of which are now very rare. Latin translations of the let ters of Vespucci (see that name) are given as an appendix. In this book he says: "And the fourth part of the world having been discovered by Am eric us, it may be called Ameri ge; that is, the land of Am eric us or or America." This suggestion, in an obscure book, was eventually adopted, and America thus became name of the New World. It should be noted that Waldseemüller proposed the name only for the region now known as South America, to which it was restricted for some time. Waldseemüller, with Ringmann ("Philesius"), Walter Lud ("Ludovicus"), and other young students at St. Dié, prepared an edition of Ptolemy which was eventually published by Waldseemüller at Strasburg (1513). It contains curious maps of the New World, but the name America does not appear in it. Waldshut Waldshut (välts höt). A small town in Baden, situated on the Rhine 30 miles southeast of Freiburg. Waldstätte (vält's tet-te). The Forest Cantons of Switzerland: Uri, Unterwalden, Schwyz, and Lucerne. Waldstein (wâld'stīn), Charles. Born at New York, 1856. An American archæologist. He was educated at Columbia College, New York, and at the University of Heidelberg; was made director of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, England, in 1883; and in 1888 he was appointed director of the School of Archæology at Athens, and in 1895 profe or at Cambridge. He has written "The Balance of the Emotion and the Intellect" (1878), "E ays on the Art of Pheidias" (1885), etc. Waldus. See Waldo . Walensee. See Wallenstadt , Lake of . Wales (walz). [ME. Wales , AS. Walas , Wealas , foreigners, i. e. Britons or Celts; hence the adjective Welsh .] A titular principality of Great Britain, now an integral part of the United Kingdom. It is bounded by the Irish Sea on the north; the English counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, Here ford, and Mon mouth on the east; the Bristol Channel on the south; and St. George's Channel on the west. Its surface is mountainous. It is noted for mineral wealth, producing iron, coal, copper, lead, zinc, slate, limestone, etc. It is divided into North Wales, containing the counties Angle sea, Carnarvon, Denbigh, Flint, Merioneth, and Montgomery; and South Wales, containing the counties Brecknock, Cardigan, Car mar then, Glam organ, Pembroke, and Radnor. The inhabitants are largely of Welsh stock, and the language is largely Welsh. The ancient inhabitants were the Celtic tribes Or do vices, Demetæ, and Silures. Wales was not subdued by the Romans; maintained prolonged struggles with the AngloS axons; was made tributary by Athelstan, Harold II., and William the Conqueror; and after repeated efforts was subdued by Edward I., 1276-84, and united to England. An unsucce ful rebellion, under Owen Glen dower, broke out in 1400. The principality was incorporated with England in 1536. Area, 7,442 square miles. Population (1891), 1,519,035. Wales. Prince of. The title usually conferred on the heir apparent to the throne of England. The kings who have held it at the time of their acce ion are Edward II. (the first holder of it), Henry V., Edward V., Henry VIII., Charles I., Charles II., George II., George IV., and Edward VII., sons of the sovereigns preceding them, and Richard II. and George III., grandsons of their predece ors. Edward III., Henry VI., and Edward VI., though heirs apparent, did not hold the title. Walewski (vä-lev'skē), Comte (Alexandre Florian Joseph Colonna). Born at Wale wice, Poland, May 4, 1810: died at Strasburg, Sept. 27, 1868. A French politician, diploma IMG:content-1163.png:[blocks in formation] Wal lens tein early life; became a leader of a party of insurgents in 1297; protested against the treaty of Irvine; totally defeated the English at the battle of Stirling Bridge Sept. 11, 1297; devastated northern England; was made guardian of Scotland; and was defeated by Edward I. at Falkirk July 22, 1298. He carried on a guerrilla warfare for several years; was betrayed to the English near Glasgow Aug. 3, 1305; was taken to London; and was tried and condemned for treason. Wallace, William Harvey Lamb. Born at Urbana, Ohio, July 8, 1821: died at Savannah, Tenn., April 10, 1862. An American general. He served in the Mexican war; commanded a Federal bri gade at Fort Do nelson in 1862; was made brigadier-general berland, Pa., July 23, 1801: died at Washington, in March, 1862; and served as division commander at Shiloh ashing ton, (April 6), where he was mortally wounded. D. C., Nov. 11, 1869. An American statesman Wall a chia, or Walachia (wo-lā'ki-ä). [F. He was an opponent of nullification; Valachic, G. Walachei .] A division of Rumania: and financier. was United States senator from Mi i ippi 1836-45; sup ported the Homestead Bill, and the independence and la ter the annexation of Texas; was secretary of the treasury 1845-49; carried through the "Walker Tariff" of 1846; and promoted the warehouse system and the department of the interior. He was governor of Kansas 1857-58, and a financial agent of the United States in Europe 1863-64. He furthered the Alaska treaty. Walker, William. Born at Nashville, Tenn., May 8, 1824: died at Trujillo, Honduras, Sept. 12, 1860. An American filibuster. He was a jour- nalist and lawyer in California. In 1853, with 170 follow- ers, he invaded Lower California and Sonora. Driven over the border by Mexican troops, he was tried at San Francisco (May, 1854) for violation of the neutrality laws, but was acquitted. Taking advantage of the disturbed state of Nicaragua, he entered that country with 58 men (June, 1855) and joined the democratic faction. At first unsuc- ce ful, he finally defeated Guardiola (Sept. 3) and took the capital, Granada. Corral submitted to him. Walker ac- knowledged Rivas as president and Corral as minister of war, reserving for himself the title of commander-in- chief (Oct.). A few days after he brought charges against Corral, who was tried and shot. In July, 1856, he was elected president by the votes of departments which were controlled by his army. Among his many arbitrary acts was a decree restoring slavery. Costa Rica, and eventually all the Central American states, joined with the Nicaraguan legitimists against him. After July, 1856, he was repeatedly defeated by the allies; was forced to aban- don Granada, which he burned (Dec.); and on May 1, 1857, he took refuge on a United States ve el, which carried him to Panama. He made two attempts to recover the country, but was foiled by the intervention of the United States. In Aug., 1860, he invaded Honduras; but was captured in September by a British ve el, delivered to the Honduras authorities, and by them tried and shot. He published "The War in Nicaragua" (1860). Walker River. A river which rises in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in eastern Califor- nia, and flows into Walker Lake in Nevada. tist, and author: reputed illegitimate son of Length, about 150 miles. Napoleon I. He served in the Polish revolutionary Walkers. See Shoshoko . army and in the French army, and filled various foreign mi ions. He was minister of foreign affairs and later president of the Corps Législatif under Napoleon III. He signed the treaty of Paris, and was president of the Con gre of Paris in 1856. Walfish, or Walfisch, Bay (wolfish bā). An inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, situated about lat. 22° 54' S., long. 14° 27′ E. It has a good harbor. It was claimed by Great Britain in 1878, and, with some adjoining territory, was made a British po e ion in 1884. Walhalla. See Valhalla . Walhalla (väl-hällä), or Temple of Fame. A building founded at Ratisbon, Bavaria, by Ludwig I., in 1830. The exterior reproduces a Greek Doric temple, 115 by 246 feet in plan, built of gray marble. The pediments contain sculptured reliefs of "German i a Set Free by the Battle of Leipsic" and of the Hermannschlacht. The interior is Ionic, and forms a hall 50 by 180 feet, and 56 high: it is surrounded by a frieze representing the early history of the Teutonic race. The hall contains 101 busts of celebrated Germans, and six Victories by Rauch. Walke (wak), Henry. Born Dec. 24, 1808: died March 8, 1896. An American admiral. He served in the Mexican war, and in the Civil War rendered important services on the Mi i ippi River. He was promoted captain in 1862, commodore in 1866, and rear-admiral in 1870, going on the retired list in 1871. He published "Naval Scenes in the Civil War" (1877). Walker (wa'kėr), Amasa. Born at Wood stock, Conn., May 4, 1799: died at Brook field, Ma ., Oct 29, 1875. An American political economist. He lectured on political economy at Oberlin and at Amherst; held various political offices in the State of Ma achusetts; and was Republican member of Con Walküre (väl kü-re), Die. [G., 'The Valkyrs.'] The second part of Wagner's tetralogy "Der Ring des Nibelungen." It was completed in 1856, and first performed at Munich in 1870. Wall (wâl). A character in the interlude of Shakspere's "Midsummer Night's Dream." Wall about Bay (wol'a-bout bā). An inlet of the East River in Brooklyn, New York. Its shores are occupied by a United States navy-yard. It was the moor- ing-place of British prison-ships in the Revolutionary War. Wallace (wol'ās). A his to rico-legendary poem on Sir William Wallace, written by Blind Harry. Wallace (wol'ās), Alfred Ru el. Born at Usk, Mon mouths hire, England, Jan. 8, 1822. A noted English naturalist and traveler. He was educated as a land-surveyor and architect, but after 1845 gave his attention entirely to natural history. He ex- plored the valleys of the Amazon and Rio Negro 1848-52, and traveled in the Malay Archipelago and Papua 1854-62, making rich collections. Simultaneously with Darwin he announced the theory of natural selection (his paper "On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type" was read July 1, 1858, the same day as Darwin's paper). His works include "Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro" (1853), "Palm Trees of the Am- azon," "The Malay Archipelago" (1869), "Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection" (1870), "Miracles and Modern Spiritualism" (1875), "Geographical Distribution of Animals" (1876), "Tropical Nature" (1878), "Island Life" (1880), "Land Nationalization" (1882), etc. Wallace, Sir Donald Mackenzie. Born 1841. A British writer and traveler in Ru ia. He wrote "Ru ia" (1877), etc. and Uses of Money and Mixed Currency" (1857), and "Science of Wealth" (1866). April 10, 1827. An American general, diplomatist, lawyer, and author. He served as first Walker, Francis Amasa. Born at Boston, July 2, 1840: died there, Jan. 5, 1897. An American statistician and political economist, son of Amasa Walker. He graduated at Amherst in 1860, and served in the Civil War, being brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers in 1865. He was commi ioner of Indian affairs 1871-72, and profe or of political economy and history in the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale 1873-81. He was Department and the 8th army corps; and was defeated by sequently president of the sent it ute of Tech. nology. He was superintendent of the ninth and tenth United States censuses (1870 and 1880), and was United States commi ioner to the International Monetary Conference at Paris in 1878. Among his works are a "Statistical Atlas of the United States" (1874), "The Wages Question" (1876), "Money, Trade, and Industry" (1879), "Land and its Rent" (1883). "Political Economy" (1883), and "History of the Second Army Corps" (1886). lieutenant in the Mexican war; was engaged in the practice of law in Indiana from 1848; became a brigadier-general in Sept., 1861; commanded a division at the battle of Fort Do nelson in 1862; became major-general of volunteers in March, 1862; served on the second day of the battle of Shiloh in 1862; saved Cincinnati from capture by Kirby Smith in 1863; was appointed commander of the Middle Early at the Monocacy July 9, 1864. From 1881 to 1885 he was United States minister to Turkey. He has written "Ben-Hur: a Tale of the Christ" (1880), "The Fair God" (1873), "The Boyhood of Christ" (1888), life of Benjamin Harrison (1888), "The Prince of India" (1893). Wallace, Sir William. Born about 1274: executed at London, Aug. 23, 1305. A Scottish patriot and national hero. He was outlawed in part of the ancient Dacia. It is bounded by Hungary and Transylvania on the northwest and north; by Moldavia on the north; and by the Danube on the east, south, and southwest and west, separating it from the Dobrudja, Bulgaria, and Servia. The principality of Wall a chia arose in the 13th century. From about the close of the 14th century it was tributary to Turkey under its national princes, and from 1716 to 1821 under the Fanariot hospodars appointed by the sultan. An era of greater autonomy began in 1829, inaugurated by the intervention of Ru ia. Wall a chia was united under the same prince with Moldavia in 1859, and in 1861 the two principalities were united into the principality of Rumania. Rumania . See Wallack (wol'ak), James William. Born at London, Aug. 24, 1795: died at New York city, Dec. 25, 1864. An Anglo-American actor and dramatic manager. He played in Great Britain and the United States in romantic drama, refined comedy, etc. His range of parts was wide. He came to America in 1818, and played here and in England alternately until 1851, when he settled in New York. In 1837 he managed the New York National Theater, and conducted Wallack's Theater on the corner of Broadway and Broome street, New York, 1852-61, and after that on the corner of Broadway and 13th street, New York. Wallack, James William. Born at London, Feb. 24, 1818: died in America, May 24, 1873. An Anglo-American actor, the son of Henry John Wallack (an actor, died 1870). He played with varying succe on both sides of the Atlantic, and in 1861 began to appear as a star in America in what was known as the Wallack-Davenport Combination. He made a great hit as Fagin, as Leon de Bourbon in "The Man with the Iron Mask," and as Henry Dunbar. His range was large, but he was most succe ful in tragedy or romantic and somber drama. Wallack, Lester (real name John John stone Wallack). Born at New York city, Jan. 1, 1820: died at Stamford, Conn., Sept. 6, 1888. An American actor, son of J. W. Wallack the elder. His middle name was that of his mother's fam ily. He served two years as lieutenant in the English army, and first acted with his father in the English provinces under the name of Allan Field about 1840. He played in America in 1847 as John W. Lester, afterward as John Lester Wallack. In 1852 he joined his father's company at Wallack's Theater, and managed it, after the latter's death, until 1887. In 1882 a new Wallack's Theater was opened on the corner of Broadway and 30th street, for some years known as Palmer's Theater. He was a brilliant comedian, and was noted as Don Felix ("The Wonder"), Charles Surface, Young Marlowe, Alfred Evelyn ("Money"), St. Pierre ("The Wife"), Harry Dornton ("The Road to Ruin"), Claude Melnotte, Don Cæsar de Bazan, Sir Charles Cold stream, etc. He wrote "The Veteran" and "Rosedale," in which he played the principal parts, and his "Autobiography," which was published in 1889. Wallasey (wol'a-si). A town in Cheshire, England, 4 miles west of Liverpool. Population (1901), 53,580. Walla Walla (wäʻlä wä'lä). A tribe of North American Indians which occupied both sides of the Columbia River from the mouth of Lewis (or Snake) River to the Muscle shell Rapid, wintering on the Tapteel (or Yakima) River, Washington. Under this general name may have been included one or more other divisions, e. g. the Umatilla. Later on the Walla Walla were confined more closely to the region of the Walla Walla River, Oregon. They now number 405, on the Umatilla reservation, Oregon. See Shahaptian . Walla Walla (wol'a wol'ä). The capital of Walla Walla County, State of Washington, situated on Mill Creek in lat. 46° 3′ N. It is the center of a wheat region. Population (1900), 10,049. Wallenstadt (vällen-stät), Lake of, or Walensee, or Wallensee (väl'len-zā), or Wallenstädter See (väl'len-stet-er zā). A lake situated between the cantons of St. Gall and Glarus, Switzerland. It receives the Seezand the Linth, and its outlet is by the Linth Canal to the Lake of Zurich, Length, 94 miles. Width, 1 miles. Wal lens tein (väl'len-stin). A trilogy by Schiller, comprising "Wal lens teins Lager" (acted at Weimar, 1798), "Die Piccolo mini" (1799), and "Wal lens teins Tod" (1799). Schiller conceives his hero in these dramas as the type of the practical realist, serious, solitary, and reserved. Wal lens tein (wol'en-stin; G. pron. väl'lenstin), or Waldstein (vält's tin), or Wal den stein (väl'den-stīn), Albrecht Eusebius von, Wal lens tein Duke of Fried land, Mecklenburg, and Sagan. Born at Her manic, near Nachod, Bohemia, Sept. 24, 1583: a a inated at Eger, Bohemia, Feb. 25, 1634. A celebrated Austrian general. He was educated at first as a Protestant, but later as a Roman Catholic; and studied in the Jesuit College at Ol mütz, and at the universities of Altdorf, Bologna, and Padua, He served in Hungary under the emperor Rudolf II.; became quartermaster-general of the League in 1620; was made duke of Fried land in 1623; raised an army for the Imperialist service in 1625; defeated Mansfeld at the bridge of De au, April 25, 1626; invaded Hungary and won Silesia for the Imperialists in 1627; besieged Stralsund unsucce fully in 1628; was removed from his command in 1630, and retired to Gitschin; resumed command by invitation of the emperor in the spring of 1632; recov port randed oustavus Adolphus before Nuremberg, but was by him Lützen, Nov. 16, 1632. The emperor, Ferdinand II., convinced that he was meditating treachery, removed him from his command Jan., 1634, and outlawed him. Wal lens tein was in the act of going over to the Swedes (who were on the borders of Bohemia) when he was murdered by some of his officers (Butler, Gordon, and others). Waller (wol'er), Edmund. Born at Coles hill, Hertfordshire, England, March 3, 1605: died at Beacons field, England, Oct. 21, 1687. An English poet. He studied at King's College, Cambridge; entered Parliament in 1623 (?); was a leader in the Long Parliament; took part in Royalist plots, and was arrested in 1643 and exiled; returned to England under Cromwell; and was a favorite at court after the Restoration. Among his poems are a panegyric on Cromwell, lament for Cromwell's death, congratulation on Charles II.'s return, etc. His poems were published 1645, 1664, etc. Waller, Sir William. Born 1597: died 1668. An English general. He served in the Thirty Years' War; was second in command of the Parliamentary forces under E ex in 1642; reduced Portsmouth in 1642; was defeated near Bath and near Devizes in 1643; gained a victory at Cherry town in 1644; was defeated at Cropredy Bridge in 1644; served at Newbury; and was deprived of his command in 1645. He was a Presbyterian leader in Parliament; was expelled for treason in 1647; and returned and was expelled in Pride's Purge in 1648. He was a member of the council of state and of the convention parliament in 1660. Wall-Face (wâl'fas) Mountain. A peak of the A dir on dack Mountains, New York, separated from Mount McIntyre by the A dir on dack Pa . Wallin (väl-lēn'), Johan Olof. Born in Dalarna, Sweden, Oct. 15, 1779: died at Upsala, June 30, 1839. A Swedish poet and divine. His parents were in extremely poor circumstances, and he was obliged to support himself even while obtaining his elementary education at the gymnasium at Vesterås. Subsequently he studied at Upsala. In 1806 he began his clerical career as pastor of the Royal Military Academy. Afterward he was clergyman at Solna, Ulriksdal, and Vesterås, and was ultimately made archbishop of Sweden. His poems are chiefly religious in character. As a member of the commi ion for the revision of the Swedish hymnbook, he contributed over a hundred original hymns, and translated and adapted many more. One of the best known of his poems is the hymn "Dödens engel" ("The of Death"). Among his longer secular poems is particularly to be mentioned the didactic poem in Alexan drines, "Uppfostraren" ("The Educator"), which won a prize at the Swedish Academy. Among his shorter poems is an impa ioned song on George Washington. His collected literary works ("Samlade vitterhetsarbeten") were published at Stockholm in 1878, in 2 vols. Walling ford (wol'ing-ford). A town in Berks hire, England, situated on the Thames 13 miles south -southeast of Oxford. It has a ruined castle. A treaty was concluded here in 1153 between Stephen and Prince Henry (later Henry II.). Population (1891), 2,989. Walling ford. A town in New Haven County, Connecticut, 11 miles north-northeast of New Haven. It is the seat of the Walling ford Community, a branch of the Oneida Community. Population (1900), 9.001. Wallis (vällis). The German name of Valais. Wallis (wol'is), John. Born at Ashford, Kent, Nov. 23, 1616: died at Oxford, Oct. 28, 1703. An English mathematician, grammarian, logician, and theological writer. His works include "Arith. metic a In finito rum," "Grammatic a Linguæ Anglicanæ,” "Institutio Logicæ," etc. Wall of Ant on in us. A rampart erected in the first part of the reign of Ant on in us Pius, to check the northern barbarians of Britain. It extended from the Firth of Forth to the Firth of Clyde. Wall of Aurelian. A fortified inclosure of ancient Rome, of irregular outline, extending beyond the Servian wall, particularly on the north (where it includes the Pincian Hill) and on the east and south (where it takes in the Monte Testaccio), and on the right bank of the Tiber inclosing the Vatican and Janiculum Hills.