Ogma

See Ogham. Ogoway, or Ogowé (ō-gō-wa'). A river in western Africa which flows by a delta into the Atlantic about lat. 1° S. Its basin is under French protection. Length, about 500 (?) miles; navigable to the Ngunie Falls. Ogulnian (ō-gul'ni-an) Law. In Roman history, a law carried by two tribunes named Ogulnius, in 300 B. c., by which the offices of pontiff and augur were thrown open to the plebeians. Ogyges (oj'i-jēz). [Gr. Ωγύγης .] In Attic and Bœotian legend, a king whose reign was a ociated with a destructive deluge. Ogygia (ō-jij'i-ä). [Gr. Ωγυγίη.] The island of Calypso, referred to in the Ody ey. Plutarch says it lies due west, beneath the setting sun. When we are told that in the remote Ogygia sleeps Kronos gently, watched by Briareus, till the time comes for his awaking, we have a Græcized form of the myth of Arthur in Avalon being cured of his grievous wound. S. Baring-Gould, Curious Myths of the Middle Ages, [2d ser., p. 270. O'Higgins (ō-hig'inz; Sp. pron. ō-ēgēns), Ambrosio. Born in County Meath, Ireland, about 1730: died at Lima, Peru, March 18, 1801. A Spanish administrator, marquis of Osorno from 1796. His real name was Ambrose Higgins. He was educated in Spain, and when a young man went to Chile as a trader. Obtaining a commi ion in the army, he rose rap idly; was captain-general of Chile 1788-96; and was viceroy of Peru from June 6, 1796, until his death. He was an excellent ruler. O'Higgins, Bernardo. Born at Chillan, Aug. 20, 1778: died at Lima, Peru, Oct. 24, 1842. A Chile an general and statesman, natural son of Ohio Idea. In American politics, the advocacy of greenbacks in payment for United States bonds, and of greenbacks in place of national bank notes. This project was pushed especially in Ohio by the Democratic leaders Allen, Pend let on, and Ewing about 1868-76. Ohio Wesley an University. A coeducational institution of learning at Delaware, Ohio, founded in 1843. It is controlled by the Methodist Episcopal Church, and had (1896-97) 53 instructors and 1,262 students. Ohlau (o'lou). A town in the province of Silesia, Pru ia, situated on the Ohlau and Oder 17 miles southeast of Breslau. Population (1890), 8,632. Öhlenschläger (e'len-shla-ger), Adam Gottlob. Born at Vesterbro, near Copenhagen, Nov. 14, 1779: died there, Jan. 20,1850. A Danish poet and dramatist. His first important production was the poem "Guldhornene" ("The Golden Horns," 1803), the work from which it is customary to date the beginning of recent Danish poetry. In this year also he wrote and published a volume of poems ("Digte") which contains the lyrical drama "SanctHansaften-Spil" ("The Play of St. John's Eve"). In 1805 appeared two new volumes of "Poetiske Skrifter" ("Poetical Writings"), which include, among other poems, "Thors Reise til Jotunheim" ("Thor's Journey to Jotunheim") and "Alladin eller den forunderlige Lampe" ("Aladdin, or the Wonderful Lamp"), considered one of the masterpieces of Danish literature. With public a istance he was now enabled to undertake a journey abroad, and left Denmark this same year. In Halle he wrote his first tragedy, "Hakon Jarl" ("Earl Hakon"). He remained Weimar, and lived there two or three months in intimate a ociation with Goethe. He was subsequently in Dresden, and that winter went on to Paris, where during the next eighteen months he wrote the tragedies "Palnatoke" and "Axel og Valborg," and the poem "Baldur hin Gode" ("Baldur the Good"). In 1809, in Rome, he wrote the tragedy "Corregio" in the German language. He returned to Denmark that same autumn, and in 1810 was made the winter in Berlin. In the spring of 1806 he went to profe or of esthetics at the Copenhagen University. After this period he wrote numerous works, epic, lyric, dramatic, and prose, among them the dramatic idyl Ambrosio O'Higgins. He was educated in England, where he derived republican ideas from Miranda; was a prominent military leader of the Chile an patriots from 1810; and on the deposition of Carrera, 1813, was made commander of the army. Carrera opposed him, and a civil war was prevented only by the common danger from the Spaniards. The combined forces of Carrera and O'Higgins were defeated at Rancagua Oct. 1 and 2, 1814, and they fled acro the Andes. O'Higgins joined San Martin in the invasion of Chile, and his charge decided the victory of Chacabuco (Feb. 12, 1817): three days after (San Martin having refused the office) O'Higgins was named director of Chile with dictatorial powers. The indepen dence of the country was formally proclaimed Feb. 12, 1818, at Tübingen, Würtemberg, Feb. 19, 1872. A and was decided by the victory of Maipo, April 5, 1818. O'Higgins's rule was very progre ive. He was forced to resign by a revolution, Jan. 28, 1823, and retired to Peru. Ohio (ō-hi'ō). The principal left-hand tributary of the Mi i ippi. It is formed by the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela at Pittsburg; flows through western Pennsylvania; forms the boundary between Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois on the north and northwest, and West Virginia and Kentucky on the south and southeast; and joins the Mi i ippi at Cairo. Its chief tributaries are the Muskingum, Scioto, Miami, and Wabash on the north, and the Great Kanawha, Big Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, Green, Cumber land, and Tenne ee on the south. The chief places on its banks are Pittsburg, Wheeling, Portsmouth, Cincinnati, Coving ton, Newport, Madison, Louisville, New Albany, and Evansville. Its rapids at Louisville are avoided by a canal. Length, about 975 miles, all navigable. Total length (with the Allegheny), about 1,300 miles. Ohio. One of the North Central States of the United States of America, extending from lat. 38° 24' to 41° 57′ N., and from long. 80° 34′ to 84° 49′ W. Capital, Columbus; chief cities, Cincinnati and Cleveland. It is bounded by Michigan and Lake Erie on the north, Pennsylvania and West Virginia (separated by the Ohio) on the east, Kentucky (sep arated by Ohio) on the south, and Indiana west. The surface is undulating. It is the fourth State in population; the first in value of farms, production of wool, and manufacture of agricultural machinery; and one of the chief manufacturing States.oomong the chief pro ducts are wheat, Indian corn, wool, live stock, dairy produce, flour, pork, coal, iron, salt, and petroleum. It has 83 counties, sends 2 senators and 21 representatives to Congre , and has 23 electoral votes. It was discovered by the French under La Salle at the end of the 17th century; was claimed by both the French and the English; was ceded to Great Britain in 1763, and pa ed to the United States in 1783. Virginia and Connecticut relinquished their claims to the territory, retaining, however, extensive reserves until 1800. Ohio formed part of the Northwest Territory in 1787; was settled at Marietta in 1788; was the scene of Indian warfare 1790-95; was admitted to the Union in 1803; and was the scene of engagements in the War of 1812, and of raids in the Civil War. Area, 41,060 square miles. Population (1890), 3,672,316. Ohio, Army of the. A Federal army in the American Civil War. It was organized in 1861-62 by General Buell. In Oct., 1862, Buell was succeeded by Rose crans, and the army was called the Army of the Cum berland. Another department of the Ohio was formed, and this army was in 1865 incorporated with the Army of the Cumber land. Ohio Company, The. A company of Virginia and Maryland colonists to whom the British crown granted, in 1749, 500,000 acres in the Ohio valley for the purpose of settlement. "Den lille Hyrdedreng" ("The Little Shepherd Boy," 1818); the epic cycle (parts of which had already been published) "Nordens Guder" ("The Gods of the North"), which appeared complete in 1819; the tragedy "Erik og Abel" (1820); the epic "Hrolf Krake" (1828); and his last great work, the epic "Regnar Lodbrok" (1848). His poetical works ("Poetiske Skrifter") were published at Copenhagen, 1857-62, in 32 vols. His autobiography, "Erindringer" ("Recollections"), was published at Copenhagen, 1850-51, in 4 vols. Öhler (é'ler), Gustav Fried rich von. Born at Ebingen, Würtemberg, June 10, 1812: died German Protestant theologian. He published "Theology of the Old Testament" (1873), etc. Ohm (om), Georg Simon. Born at Erlangen, Bavaria, March 16, 1787: died at Munich, July 7, 1854. A German physicist, especially noted for his investigations in galvanism. He propounded an important law, known as "Ohm's law," which may be expre ed as follows: the strength of an electric current, or the quantity of electricity pa ing a section of the conductor in a unit of time, is directly proportional to the whole electromotive force in operation, and inversely proportional to the sum of all the resistances in the circuit. He published "Die galvanische Kette mathematisch bear be i tet" (1827), etc. Ohm, Martin. Born at Erlangen, Bavaria, May 6, 1792: died at Berlin, April 1, 1872. A German mathematician, brother of G. S. Ohm: profe or at Berlin from 1824. His chief work is "Versuch eines vollkommen konsequenten Systems der Mathematik" (1822-52). Ohnet (ō-na'), Georges. Born at Paris, April 3, 1848. A French novelist and dramatist. After the Franco-German war he gave up the study of law for journalism. At first he was on the staff of the "Pays," and thereafter on that of the "Constitutionnel." His ne for dramatic composition led him to write "Regina Sarpi" (1875) and "Mar the" (1877). Some of his novels have also been adapted to the stage, among others "Le maître de forges" and "La grande marinière" (1888). Ohnet's novels appeared as serials in the "Figaro," the "Illustration," and the "Revue des Deux Mondes" before being published in book form. The series, known col. lectively as "Batailles de la vie," includes "Serge Panine" (1881), "Le maître de forges" (1882), "La comte e Sarah" (1883), "Lise Fleuron" (1884), "La grande marinière" (1885), "Les dames de Croix-Mort" (1886), "Noir et rose" (1887), "Volonté" (1888), "Le docteur Rameau" (1888), "Le dernier amour" (1890), "L'Ame de Pierre" (1890), "Dette de haine" (1891), "N mrod et Cie" (1892), and "Le len demain des amours "(1893). Georges Ohnet is an idealistic rather than a naturalistic writer. Ohod (ō-hōd'), or Ohud (ō-höd'), Battle of. A victory gained at Ohod, near Medina, probably in 625, by the Koreish over Mohammed and his followers. Ohrdruf (or'dröf). A manufacturing town in Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Germany, situated on the Ohra 8 miles south of Gotha. Population (1890), 5,919 . Öhringen (é'ring-en). A town in Würtemberg, on the Ohrn 33 miles northeast of Stuttgart. Population (1890), 3,194. Oignon (on-yôn'). A river in eastern France, O'Keefe chiefly in the department of Haute-Saône, which joins the Saône 21 miles east of Dijon. Various engagements were fought near its banks in Oct., 1870, and Oil City (oil sit'i). A city in Venango County, northwestern Pennsylvania, situated at the junction of Oil Creek and Allegheny River, 70 miles north by east of Pittsburg. It is noted as a center for the production and distribution of oil. Population (1890), 10,932. Jan., 1871. Length, 120 miles. Oil Islands. A group of small islands in the Indian Ocean. They are a dependency of Mauritius. Oil Rivers Protectorate. A British protecto rate in western Africa, on the coast between Lagos and Kamerun. It was organized in 1892, having been secured to Great Britain in 1884. Oiron (wä-rôn'). A small town in the department of Deux-Sèvres, France, 22 miles south of Saumur. It has a remarkable old castle. Oisans (wä-zon'), Alps of. A division of the Cottian Alps, known also as the Pelvoux group. The Pointe des Écrins rises to 13,460 feet. Oise (wäz). A river in northern France which joins the Seine 15 miles northwest of Paris. Length, 187 miles; navigable from Chauny. Oise. A department of France, formed from parts of the ancient Île-de-France and Picardy. Capital, Beauvais. It is bounded by Somme on the north, Aisne on the east, Seine-et-Marne and Seineet-Oise on the south, and Eure and Seine-Inférieure on the west. It is traversed by the Oise, and has flourishing ag. riculture and manufactures. Area, 2,261 square miles. Population (1891), 401,835. Oisin. See O ian . Ojaná (Sp. pron. ō-Hä-nä'). [Tehua of New Mexico.] A ruin south of Santa Fé. The village was inhabited by the Tanos (a branch of the Tehuas) after 1598, but was abandoned previous to the insurrection of 1680. It lies near a place called Chimal. Ojé. See Ogé . Ojeda (ō-на тна), Alonso de. Born in Cuenca about 1468: died at Santo Domingo, 1514 or 1515. A Spanish cavalier, prominent in early American history. He went to Española with Columbus, 1493, and was engaged in many audacious enterprises there. Returning to Spain, he was a ociated with Cosa and Vespucci in the first exploration of the coasts of Guiana and Venezuela (May, 1499,-June, 1500). In 1502 and 1505 he made other voyages to the northern coast of South America. Being empowered (1508) to settle and govern Nueva And a lucia (now northwestern Colombia), he fitted out an expedition at Santo Domingo, sailing Nov. 10, 1509. After various adventures and escapes he settled on the Gulf of Urabá or Darien. The colony was soon reduced to great misery, and Ojeda sailed away to seek aid. He was shipwrecked on Cuba, and finally reached Santo Domingo pennile and bankrupt. He died in complete poverty; but the Darien colony was eventually succe ful, and led to the discovery of the Pacific Ocean and Peru. Ojibwa (ō-jib'wa), or Chippewa (chip'e-wä). [Pl., also Ojibways .] A large tribe of North American Indians. Their former range was along the north and south shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, and extended west acro northern Minnesota to the Turtle Mountains of North Dakota. The Ojibwa, Ottawa, and Pott a wot tom i were connected in a loose confederacy designated as the Three Fires. When supplied with firearms in the early part of the 18th century, they greatly extended their territory by occupying that of the Fox, Sioux, and