Chest

[A.S. cest, or cyst; Ger. kiste; Lat. cist a: Gr. kiste, from the root of case.) A case or coffer; a large, close box of wood or other material; as, a money-chest. - The THORAX, q. v. (Com.) A case for the transportation of a certain commodity; -hence the quantity therein contained; as, a chest of tea. Chest of drawers, an article of household furniture, containing loose boxes called drawers. Chest, in Penna . , a p.-twp. of Clear field co. as, the king's pawn, king's rook's pawn, queen's pawn, Chester, an English county. See CHESHIRE. . The pawn moves straight forward on its own files; but captures its adversary obliquely or diagonally. The knight moves by leaping obliquely over an adjoining square to one of the next squares, of a different color from that which it leaves. The bishop moves diagonally forward or backward, over any number of squares at one time, if the course be open. The castle or rook moves straight forward, or backward, or sideways any number of squares at a time, provided these are unoccupied by other men. The queen can move either like a castle or a bishop, while the king moves only 1 square at a time, in any direction. The queen is the most powerful piece on the board, while the king, from the nature of the game, which does not admit of his exchange or capture, is the most important piece; the game depending upon his safety. The approximate value of the pieces has been given by a competent authority, as, queen, 9-94; rook, 5-48; bishop, 3-50; knight, 3-05; pawn, 100. Towards the conclusion of a game, however, the pawn rises in value. When the king is directly attacked by any piece or pawn, he is said to be in check . If he is unable to place himself out of check, to interpose a piece to parry the check, or to capture the checking piece, he is said to be checkmated , and the game is lost. When neither player can give a checkmate, the game is said to be drawn. When one player has his king so situated that, not being then in check, he cannot play him without placing him in check.-and at the same time has no other piece or pawn to move idstead. he is said to be stale- mated , and the game is considered drawn. The game of che is very ancient, and there is considerable dispute as to its origin. It seems to have been known immemorially in Hindostan by the name Chaturanga , or the four members of an army: namely: elephants, horsemen, chariots, and foot-soldiers. Since that time the game has undergone many alterations. It pa ed into Persia from Hindostan. and then into Arabia, where it was called Shatrang , or the 'king's distre .' In the 8th century the Arabs introduced the game into Spain, and from thence it pa ed into the rest of Europe. Che is the noblest of games. Monarchs like Haroun-al-Raschid, Tamer lane, Charlemagne, Charles XII., Frederick the Great, and Napoleon I., and philosophers as Voltaire, Leibnitz, Rou eau and Franklin, have found delight in its study and pleasure in its practice. Alone among games its use has been sanctioned by the priesthood of all beliefs-Catholic, Protestant, Buddhist and Moslem. It is now cultivated by all civilized nations and is the object of a large and growing literature. Celebrity in che was formerly confined to authors on the game and to composers of che problems. The latter began with the work of Philip Stamma, a native of Aleppo, Syria, who in 1737 published a collection of 100 artificial end positions. There are now che libraries embracing several you sand volumes, many of which contain collections of games played by masters, or the results of che tournaments or public matches. These are highly instructive and entertaining to amateurs. There are few records Ches'ter, a city and sea-port, cap. of Cheshire, (or the county palatine of Chester,) on the Dee, 17 m. S. by E. of Liverpool, and 164 N.W. of London. This city, one of the most venerable in England, is enclosed within Fig . 577. PHENIX TOWER, WALLS OF CHESTER. (From which Charles I. viewed the battle of Rowton Heath.) an oblong quadrangle by walls of great antiquity, the foundations of which were built by the Romans. These walls are kept in perfect repair, and form a promenade for the citizens. It is almost impo ible to attempt in a few words any realistic account of the antique features that characterize this city; it forms still, though much modernized, a tableau of the architectural aspect of the Middle Ages. The Cathedral is a fine Gothic pile built in 1094, and in a crypt in St. John's Church, erected in 698, lies the body of Harold the "Last of the Saxon Kings." C. was formerly a port of considerable importance, but since the rise of Liverpool it has retrograded. Manuf . Lead, iron-wares, chemicals, . C. is of Roman origin, and was for centuries regarded as one of the chief bulwarks of the kingdom against the turbulent Welsh. It stood a memorable fiege in the Civil War, 1645. Pop . (1891) 37,110. Ches'ter, in Connecticut , a post-village and township of |--A village of Greene co., 80 m. S.W. of Indianapolis. Middle sex co., on Connecticut River, 20 m. N.E. by E. of New Haven. Chester, in Georgia , a village of Gwinnett co. Chester, in Illinois , a flourishing city, cap. of Randolph co., on the Mi i ippi, 149 m. S. of Springfield. Pop . (1897) abt. 3,500. Chester, in Indiana , a township of Wabaslı co. -A post-office of Wayne co. -A township of Wells co. Chester, in Iowa , a village and township of Howard co. Chester, in Maine, a township of Penobscot co., on the Penobscot River, 100 m. N.E. of August a. Chester, in Ma achusetts, a post-village and township of Hampden co., 119 m. W. by S. of Boston. Chester, in Michigan, a post-township of Eaton co., 20 m. W.S.W. of Lansing. -, (or WEST UNION,) in Indiana , a village of Madison co., 40 m. N.E. of Indianapolis, on White River. Chesterfield, in Louisiana , a village of Madison parish, on Bayou Macon, 150 m. N. of Baton Rouge. Chesterfield, in Ma achusetts , a post-township of Hampshire co., 90 m. W. of Boston, Chesterfield, in Michigan, a township of Macomb county. Chesterfield, in Mi ouri, a village of St. Louis co., 25 m. W. of St. Louis. Chesterfield, in New Hampshire , a post-village and township of Cheshire co., on the Connecticut River, opposite Brattle borough, 65 miles S.W. of the city of Concord. Chesterfield, in New Jersey, a township of Burling ton co. Chesterfield, in New York, a township of E ex co., on Lake Cham plain. -A township of Ottawa co. Chester, in Minnesota , a post-office of Olmstead Chesterfield, in Ohio , a post-township of Fulton co., IMG:content-0148.png:[blocks in formation] -A township of Clinton co. -A township of Geauga co. about 35 m. W. by N. of Toledo. -A village of Morgan co. Chesterfield, in South Carolina , a N.E. district, bordering on N. Carolina; area , 868 sq. m. The Great Pedee River bounds it on the N.E, and Lynch's Creek on the S.W., and it is drained by Cedar and Black creeks. The surface is varied, and soil sandy, but fertile in the river-bottoms. Cap . Chesterfield. Pop . (1890) 18,470. -A post-village, cap. of the above dist., on Thompson's Creek, 105 m. N.E. of Columbia. Chesterfield, in Virginia , a S.E. county; area , 300 sq. m. It is bounded on the S. by the Appomattox. and N.E. by the James River, separating it from the city of Richmond and Henrico co. The surface is irregular, and soil partially good. It has extensive coal-mines. Cap . Chesterfield Court-House. Chesterfield Court-House, in Virginia, a post village, cap. of the above co., about 12 m. S.S.W. of Richmond. -A post-village and township of Meigs co., about 100 m. Chesterfield, in New Hampshire, a post-office of S.E. of Columbus. -A township of Morrow co. - township of Wayne county, 7 miles E. by N. of Wooster. Chester, in Pennsylvania , a co. bounded S. and S.E. by Maryland and Delaware, N.E. by the Schuylkill River, W. by Octorara Creek, and drained by French and Elk creeks. The surface is much diversified, the soil generally good, and agriculture is carried to great perfection. Min . Chromate of iron, porcelain clay, gnei , sandstone, red shale, copper, and abundance of lead and iron. Cup . West Chester. Pop . (1890) 89,380. -A city of Delaware county, 15 m. S. W. of Philadelphia, on the Delaware river. C. is the oldest place in the State, having been settled in 1643. It has large shipyards, steel-works, and manufactories of cotton and woolen goods. There are several important educational institutions in the vicinity. Pop . (1897) abt. 25,200. -A post village of Wayne co., on the Delaware. Chester, in South Carolina , a county in the N. part of the State; area, 570 sq. m. The Catawba river forms its E. and the Broad its W. boundary. It is drained by Fishing, Rocky, and Sandy creeks. The surface is varied, and the soil fertile. Cap . Chester Court-House. Pop . (1890) 26,660. Chester, in Vermont, a post-village and township of Windsor co., 80 m. S. of Montpelier. Chester, in Virginia, a twp. of Chesterfield co. Chester, in Wisconsin, a village and township of Dodge county, on Lake Horicon, 60 m. N. W. of the city of Milwaukee. Chester Centre, in Ma achusetts, a post-office of Hampden county. Chester Court-House, in South Carolina, the capital of Chester county. Chester Creek, in Pennsylvania , in the S. E. part of the State, flows through Delaware co., and empties into the Delaware near the city of Chester. Ches'ter Cro Roads, in Ohio, a post-village of Geauga county, 160 m. N. E. of Columbus. Chester Factory, in Ma achusetts, a village of Hampden county, 126 m. W. by S. of Boston. Chesterfield, a market-town of England, co. Derby, 20 m. N. of Derby, and 130 N. W. by W. of London. Its trade is mainly agricultural. Pop . (1895) 15,000. Chesterfield, PHILIP DORMER STANHOPE, 4th Earl of, an English statesman and litterateur, born 1694. After studying in his youth with a zeal of which he afterwards Cheshire county. Chesterfield Inlet, in British America, a narrow inlet running N. from Hudson's Bay. Length 250 m.; width about 20 m.; Lat. 63° 30′ N., Lon. 90° 40′ W. Ches'terhill, in Ohio , a post-office of Morgan co. Ches'ter-le-Street, a town of England, co. Durham, and 5 m. N. of that city, on the Wear. Manf . Nails, ropes, tiles. It lies in the midst of a great coal-field. Pop . 3,314. Ches'ter River, rises in Kent co., Del., flows W. to Chester ton, Md., and thence running S.W. forms a bay which connects with the Chesapeake, between Kent and Queen Anne counties. Chester's District, in Georgia , a village of Burke co., 80 m. E. of Milledgeville. Ches'ter Springs, in Pennsylvania , (also called YELLOW SPRINGS.) a post-village and watering-place of Pike land township, Chester co., 72 m. E.S.E. of Harris burg. Ches'ter Station, in Wisconsin , a post-office of Chester township, Dodge co. Chester town, in Maryland , a sea-port and cap. of Kent co., 54 m. N.E. of Anna polis, on Chester River, abt. 30 m. from its mouth in Chesapeake Bay. Washington College is located here. Chester town, in New York, a post-village of Warren co., 80 m. N. of Albany. Ches'ter Valley, in Pennsylvania, a post-office of Chester co. Ches'ter Village, in Ma achusetts, a post-village of Hampden co., 119 m. W. by S. of Boston. Ches'terville, in Maine, a post-township of Franklin co., 25 m. N. W. of August a. Ches'terville, in Maryland, a P. O. of Kent co. Chesterville, in Mi i ippi, a post-office of Pontotoc county. Ches'terville, in Ohio, a post-village of Morrow co., about 40 m. N.N.E. of Columbus, Ches'terville, in Pennsylvania , a village of Potter co., about 180 m. N.W. of Harris burg, near the head of the Gene see River. Ches'terville, in South Carolina, the former name of Chester Court-House ( q. v. ).