The Arabic Letters in this Volume have been Transliterated as follows:—

| Arabic. | Names. | Roman. | Pronunciation. | | ا‎ | Alif | A | a, i, u, at the beginning of a word. | | ب‎ | Bā | B | As in English. | | ت‎ | Tā | T | A soft dental, like the Italian t. | | ث‎ | S̤ā | S̤ | Very nearly the sound of th in thing. | | ج‎ | Jīm | J | As in English. | | ح‎ | Ḥā | Ḥ | A strong aspirate. | | خ‎ | K͟hā | K͟h | Guttural, like the Scotch ch in loch. | | د‎ | Dāl | D | Soft dental. | | ذ‎ | Ẕāl | Ẕ | A sound between dh and z. | | ر‎ | Rā | R | | As in English. | | ز‎ | Zā | Z | | س‎ | Sīn | S | | ش‎ | Shīn | Sh | | ص‎ | Ṣād | Ṣ | A strongly articulated s; in Central Asia as sw. | | ض‎ | Ẓād | Ẓ | Something like the foreign pronunciation of the th in that; in Central Asia and India z or zw. | | ط‎ | T̤ā | T̤ | A strongly articulated palatal t. | | ظ‎ | Z̤ā | Z̤ | A strongly articulated z. | | ع‎ | ʿAin | ʿ | A guttural, the pronunciation of which must be learnt by ear. | | غ‎ | G͟hain | G͟h | A strong guttural g͟h. | | ف‎ | Fā | F | As in English. | | ق‎ | Qāf | Q | Like ck in stuck. | | ك‎ | Kāf | K | | As in English. | | ل‎ | Lām | L | | م‎ | Mīm | M | | ن‎ | Nūn | N | | ه‎ | Hā | H | | و‎ | Wau | W | | ى‎ | Yā | Y | | َ‎ | Fatḥah | a | | As in Italian. | | ِ‎ | Kasrah | i | | ُ‎ | Ẓammah | u | | ء‎ | Hamzah | ʾ | Pronounced as a, i, u, preceded by a very slight aspiration. | A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopædia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together with the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion dICTIONARY OF ISLĀM. A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopædia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies, and Customs, Together with the Technical and Theological Terms, of the Muhammadan Religion A