Tarquinius Sextus

See Sextus. Tarquinius Superb us (sū-per'bus). [L. super bus , haughty.] In Roman legendary history, the seventh and last king of Rome: son of Tarquinius Priscus, and son-in-law of Servius Tullius whom he put to death and succeeded. He extended Roman influence abroad, but is represented as a despot and tyrant, and as overthrown through the crime of his son Sextus. Unsucce ful attempts were made to restore him through the Etruscans and others. The traditional date of his reign is 534-510 B. C. Tarracina (tar-a-si'na), or Anxur (anks'ūr). In ancient geography, a city of Latium, Italy, situated on the Mediterranean 57 miles southeast of Rome: the modern Terracina. A Volscian town, it was later in po e ion of Rome. Tarraco (tar'a-kō). The ancient name of Tarragon a. city of London, later a "water-bearer." He was enrolled became a kind of court jester as well. He was celebrated afterward as one of the twelve of the Queen's Company, and Tar racon ens is (tar"a-kō-nen's is). In ancient for his extemporaneous rimes and for his "jigs" (comic songs with a dance), which he invented. His popularity and audacity were both unbounded. Hefell into disgrace and was dismi ed from court for scurrilous reflections upon Leicester and Raleigh. He then kept a tavern in Paternoster Row, and later the Tabor in Grace church street. He wrote "The Seven Deadly Sins," a play which appears to have been the result of his real or pretended repentance of his irregularities. Tarma (tärmä). A colonial in tendency of Peru, corresponding, nearly, to the present department of Junin (which see). Tarn (tärn). A river in southern France which joins the Garonne below Moi ac: the Roman Tarnis. A gorge or cañon, 31 miles long, in its upper course, is remarkable for the height of the rocks. Among its tributaries are the Aveyron and the Agout. Length, about 235 miles. Tarn. A department of France, formed from part of the ancient Langue doc. Capital, Albi. It is bounded by Tarn-et-Garonne on the northwest, Aveyron on the north and east, Hérault on the southeast, Aude on the south, and Haute-Garonne on the west. The surface is generally hilly or mountainous (containing part of the Cévennes). Area, 2,217 square miles. Population (1891), 346,789. Tarn-et-Garonne (tärn'a-ga-ron'). A department of France, formed from parts of the ancient Guienne, Gascony, and Langue doc. Capital, Montauban. It is bounded by Lot on the Aveyron on the northeast, Tarn on the east and southeast, Haute-Garonne on the south, and Gers and Lot-et-Garonne on the west. The surface is mostly low plateau. Area, 1,436 square miles. Population (1891), 206,596. Tarnopol (tär'no-pol). A town in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, situated on the Sereth 73 miles east-southeast of Lemberg. Its trade is flour ishing, and it has horse-fairs. Population (1890), IMG:content-1095.png:[blocks in formation] near Tarnowitz. Taro (tä'ro). A small river in the province of Parma, Italy, which joins the Po 14 miles north northwest of Parma. IMG:content-1096.png:[blocks in formation] geography, a Roman province in Spain, called at first Hispania Citer i or. It occupied the northern and eastern parts of the peninsula. Tarragon a (tär-rä-gō'nä). 1. A province in northeastern Spain. It is bounded by the Mediterranean and the provinces of Barcelona, Lerida, Sarago a, Teruel, and Cas tell on. It corresponds to part of the ancient Catalonia. The surface is partly mountainous. Area, 2,451 square miles. Population (1887), 348,579. 2. A seaport, capital of the province of Tarragon a, situated at the mouth of the Francoli, on the Mediterranean, in lat. 41° 6' N., long. 1° 15′ E.: the ancient Tarraco. It has a growing commerce, exporting wine, oil, etc. The interior of the cathedral is of French early Pointed work: the fine west door and rose and the geometrical tracery of the chapels lend a later character to the exterior. The old city walls are of high interest. Their base is of rude cyclopean work, prehistoric, with stones unshaped. Above this is Roman ashler, with wide margin-drafts, and still higher up more modern masonry. There is much pre-Roman masonry, in very large blocks, both in the fortifications and within the city. There are remains of a Roman aqueduct, of 11 arches in the lower tier and 25 in the upper. Its length is 742 feet; its height is 96 feet. The margin-drafted masonry is very solid and imposing. This town was a Phenic i an settlement; was fortified by the Scipios; became one of the leading cities of Spain, and the capital of Hispania Tar racon ens is; was sacked by the West Goths in the 5th century, and by the Saracens in the 8th; and was rebuilt in the 12th century. It was captured by the British in 1705, and by the French under Suchet in 1811. Population and by the Tar (tär) River. A river in North Carolina which flows into Pamlico Sound. It is called in its lower course Pamlico River. Length, about 200 miles. Tarry town (tar'i-toun). A village in West chester County, New York, situated on the Hudson (Tappan Sea) 24 miles north of New York city. It was the scene of André's capture in 1780, and is the burial-place of Washington Irving. Sunny side, the res i dence of Irving, is in the neighborhood. Population (1900), 4,770. Tarshish (tär's hish). In ancient geography, a place or region several times mentioned in the Old Testament. It is commonly identified with a dis trict in southern Spain near the mouth of the Guadal noted for its commerce. quivir, and was probably the ancient Tarte us. It was Tarsus (tär's us). [Gr. Ταρσός .] In ancient geography, the capital of Cilicia, Asia Minor, situated on the Cydnus in lat. 36° 56′ N., long. 34°58′E.: the modern Tersus or Tarsus. It was an important city in the Persian period; became partly Hellenized, and the seat of a school of philosophy; and received important conce ions from the Romans. It was the birthplace of the apostle Paul. Population, 10,000 (?). Tartan (tär'tan). [ Turtanu in the cuneiform inscriptions.] The A yrian title of the com to line Hill in Rome, or at least of the peak mander-in-chief of the army. 2 Ki. xviii. occupied by the citadel, in memory of the treason of the maid Tarpeia in connection with the Sabine siege; later, that part ( Rupes Tar pci a ) of the cliff of the Capitoline above the Vicus Jugarius and the Forum Romanum, over whose precipice condemned criminals were hurled: now unrecognizable owing to artificial identitial and natural changes changes in in the the rocks. rocks. The The popular popular Capitoline cliff which is cut to a vertical surface, and with a deep vertical channel, above the Vicolo dell a Rupe Tar IMG:content-1097.png:[blocks in formation] a city of Etruria, situated near the Mediterranean and near the modern Corneto, 45 miles northwest of Rome. It was one of the chief cities of the Etruscan League, the original residence of Tarquinius Priscus in Roman legend. It was often at war with Rome, especially in the 4th century B. C. Tarquinius Priscus (tär-kwin'i-us pris'kus). [L. priscus , old, original.] In Roman legendary history, the fifth king of Rome: the son of a Greek colonist in Tarquinii. He settled in Rome, became guardian of the sons of Ancus Marcius, and succeeded the latter. He is said to have built the Cloacæ, the Circus Maximus, and the Capitoline Temple. The traditional date of his reign is 616-578 B. с. of the wicked receive their due punishment; and sometimes the name is used, as synonymous with Hades , for the lower world in general. Tartary. See Tatary . Tartas (tär-tä'). A town in the department of Midouze 16 miles west-southwest of Mont-de- Landes, southwestern France, situated on the Marsan. Population (1891), 2,463. Tarte us. See Tarshish. Tartini (tär-te'nē), Giuseppe. Born at Pirano, Istria, April 12, 1692: died at Padua, Italy, Feb. 16, 1770. An Italian violinist, composer for the violin, and writer on music. He lived chiefly Tartini in Padua, and wrote "Tratt a to di music a" (1754), "Devil's Sonata," etc. He discovered the so-called "third sound of Tartini." Tartufe, or Tartuffe (tär-tüf'). A famous comedy, by Molière, which was produced at the Comédie Française in 1667. Tartufe is "an obscene pedant, a red-faced, hypocritical wretch, who, palming himself off on an honest and refined family, tries to drive the son away, marry the daughter, corrupt the wife, ruin and imprison the father, and almost succeeds in it, not by clever plots, but by vulgar mummery and by the coarse audacity of his caddish disposition" ( Taine , Eng. Lit., I. 506). Matthew Med bourne translated and adapted it in 1670 as "Tartuffe, or the French Puritain." (See Hypocrite, The.) "Lady Tartufe," a play by Madame de Girardin, was produced in 1853. Rachel was much admired in the title rôle. Tarudant (tä-rö-dänt'). The capital of Sus, Morocco, situated near the Wadi Sus, 125 miles southwest of Morocco. Population, estimated, 8,500. Also Terodant , Terudant , etc. Tarumas (tä-rö-mäz'). Indians inhabiting the highlands in the southern part of British and Dutch Guiana. They belong to the Arawak or May pure stock, and formerly lived on the Rio Negro, where they are said to have been numerous. Tarutino (tä-rö-tēnō). A village in Ru ia, 48 miles south-southwest of Moscow. Here, Oct. 18, 1812, the Ru ians under Kutus off defeated the French under Murat. Taschereau (täsh-rō'), Elzear Alexandre. Born at Sainte Marie de la Beauce, province of Quebec, Canada, Feb. 17, 1820: died at Quebec, April 12, 1898. A Canadian Roman Catholic prelate. He became rector of Laval University in 1860, archbishop of Quebec in 1871, and cardinal in 1886. Taschereau, Jules Antoine. Born at Tours, France, 1801: died at Paris, 1874. A French journalist, politician, and author. Hewasa member of the legislative body, and had charge of the imperial worary historisundenesetropolied library. He "Revue Corneille, and edited Molière, etc. (1833), Tashkend (täsh-kend'), or Tashkent (täshkent'). The capital of the general government of Turkestan, Asiatic Ru ia, situated in the valley of the Tchirtchik about lat. 41° 20′ Ν., long. 69° 20′ E. It consists of the Asiatic city and a European or Ru ian quarter; contains many gardens; and is the seat of extensive trade and of silk manufactures. It has belonged to Ru ia since 1868. Population (1897), 156,506. Tashmet (tash'met). [From šema , to hear (the one who hears prayer).] In A yrian-Babylonian mythology, a name or epithet of the wife of Nebo ( Nabu ). Her proper name was Nana . Her principal seat of worship was in Erech. Task (task), The. A descriptive poem, in six parts, by William Cowper, published in 1785. was educated at the Jesuit schools at Naples, Rome, and Bergamo. His father, Bernardo Ta o, was involved in the troubles of the Prince of Salerno, his patron, and joined the prince in Rome; but, that city becoming unsafe for him, he accepted shelter at Pesaro, the court of the Duke of Urbino, where his son Torquato was taught with the son of the duke. In 1557 Torquato went to study law at Padua. He was influenced by his father's writings and not by his advice, and in 1562, while still at Padua, published "Rinaldo." It was succe ful, and, his father ceasing his opposition to a literary career, Ta o went to Bologna to study philosophy and literature. He returned to Padua shortly after, and by 1565 was attached to the service of the house of Este, the glories of which he celebrated in "Jerusalem Delivered": Rinaldo was said to be of that race. He was well received court, and was couraged to finish the epic "Goffredo" (later called Gerusalemme Liber at a"), which he had begun at Bologna, In 1570 Cardinal Luigi d'Este, his patron, went to Paris, taking Ta o with him. There he met Ronsard and other distinguished men. He left the cardinal after his return on account of a difference in religious opinion, but was received by Duke Alfonso of Ferrara, who loaded him with favors. He produced his "Aminta" in 1573, and had written 18 cantos of "Goffredo" in 1574, when he was seized with fever. After this his mind was not clear: he became quarrelsome, worried himself about the orthodoxy of his poem, and became subject to delusions, dreading accusations of heresy and a a ination or poison. At length he was placed in a convent at Ferrara for medical treatment. He escaped and fled to his sister in the disguise of a shepherd. She cared for him, and in 1578 the duke received him again; but his delusions continued, and he wandered from place to place (to Mantua, Turin, etc.), finally returning to Ferrara. There he became so Tatu in part into Chinese Tatary (East Turkestan) and Inde pendent Tatary (Turkestan). The name has also ofter been extended to include Manchuria, Mongolia, and Europe westward to the Dnieper or Don. Hence the division into European and Asiatic Tatary. Tatary, Chinese. See Tatary . Tatary, Crim. See Crimea . Tatary, Gulf or Sound of. An arm of the sea which separates Saghalin from the mainland of Siberia, north of the Sea of Japan. Tatary, High. A name sometimes given to East Turkestan. Tatary, Independent. See Tatary . Tatary, Little. A name formerly given to the regions in southern Ru ia occupied by Tatars (Crimea, Kiptchak, etc.). Tate (tāt), Nahum. Born at Dublin, 1652: died at London, Aug. 12, 1715. An English poet and play-writer, appointed poet laureate in 1692. He was a ociated with Brady in a poetical ver sion of the Psalms (1696), and wrote various poems and plays. Tatian (tā'shian), L. Tatianus (tā-shi-ā'nus). Born in As syria: lived in the middle of the 2d century A. D. A Christian apologist. He was educated as a Greek; went to Rome, and became converted to Christianity; and later adopted in part Gnostic views. He wrote "Oratio ad Græcos" (an apology for Christianity) and "Diate aron" (a harmony of the Gospels, recovered by Zahn and edited by him 1881). that he was placed in an insane asylum. After he had remained there for seven years he was released, on the personal promise of the Prince of Mantua that Alfonso should not again be exposed to his insane attacks. A theory has obtained credit that Ta o was shut up in an asylum on account of his aspirations for the hand of Leonora d'Este, the duke's sister, and Goethe's play was based on this supposition. "Goffredo" was published at Venice during the time of Ta o's seclusion, but it was very printed at Parma, with its present title "Gerusalemme inaccurately printed, and in 1581 a revised edition was Liber at a" ("Jerusalem Delivered"). He remained a year at Mantua, wrote "Torr is mondo" (1586), and again resumed his wanderings. He had many friends eager to help him, but was broken in health and spirits. His "Gerusalemme Con quist at a," much inferior to the "Gerusalemme Liber at a," was published in 1593. Two years later he died at Rome, whither he had been summoned by Pope Clement VIII. to be crowned poet laureate: the ceremony was never performed, owing to his illne . The "Gerusalemme Liber at a" has been translated into many languages. The most famous English translation is that of Fairfax (1600). Ta o (täs'sō), Torquato. A tragedy by Goethe, printed in 1790. Ta oni (täs-sō'nē), A le andro. Born at Modena, Italy, 1565: died there, 1635. An Italian poet and author. His best-known work is a burlesque heroic poem, "La secchia rapita" ("Rape of the Bucket," 1622). He also wrote "Considerazioni sopra il Petrarca" Tasman (täsmän), Abel Janszen (Janszon, etc.). Born probably at Hoorn, Netherlands, about 1602: died at Batavia, Oct., 1659. A zardjik. A town in Eastern Rumelia, Bulgaria, Dutch navigator. He sailed from Batavia in Aug., 1642, in command of an exploring expedition to Australia, despatched by Van Diemen, governor-general of the Dutch East Indies; and discovered Tasmania (which he named Van Diemen's Land) in Nov., 1642; New Zealand in Dec., 1642; part of the Friendly Islands in 1643; returning to Batavia in June, 1643. In a second voyage (1644) he dis covered the Gulf of Carpentaria. Tasman (täz'man) Bay. [Named from A. J. Tasman.) An inlet of the ocean, on the northern coast of South Island, New Zealand. Tasmania (taz-ma'ni-ä), formerly Van Diemen's Land (van de'menz land). [Named from its discoverer.] An island and British colony in Austral asia, situated south of Australia (separated by Ba Strait). Capital, Hobart. Its surface is largely mountainous or hilly. It has good agricultural resources, and mines of gold, tin, etc.; and exports wool, gold, tin, etc. It is one of the states of the Commonwealth of Australia, under a governor, legislative authority being vested in a council and a embly (both elected). The aborigines are extinct. It was discovered by Tasman in 1642; was visited by Cook, Ba , and others; was settled in 1803; and at first was partly a penal colony. It was a dependency of New South Wales until 1825. Area, 26,385 square miles. Population (1899), est., 177,340. Tasman (täz'man) Peninsula. A peninsula at the southeastern extremity of Tasmania, nearly cut off from the mainland. Tasman Sea. The name proposed by the Australian A ociation for the Advancement of Science, and adopted by the English Admiralty, for the part of the Pacific inclosed by Australia and Tasmania on the one side, and New Zealand and smaller islands on the other. Ta o (tas'ō; It. pron. täs'sō), Bernardo. Born at Venice, Nov. 11, 1493: died at Ostiglia, Sept. 4, 1569. An Italian poet, father of Torquato Ta o. His chief work is the romantic poem "L'Amadigi” (“Amadis,” 1560), in octave stanzas. Ta o, Torquato. [F. Le Ta e .] Born at Sorrento, Italy, March 11, 1544: died at Rome, April 25, 1595. A celebrated Italian poet. He (1609), etc. Tatar-Bazardjik (tä -tär bä - zär-jēk'), or Basituated on the Maritza 25 miles west of Philippopolis. Population, est., 15,659. Tatars (täʼtärz), or Tartars (tär'tärz). [From Pers. Tatar , Chinese Tahtar , a Tatar. Tartar , probably due to some confusion with Tartar us , was formerly the established form, and is still frequently used.] 1. Certain Tungusic tribes whose original home was in the region vaguely known as Chinese Tatary (Manchuria and Mongolia), and who are now represented by the Fishshin Tatars in northern Manchuria, and the Solons and Daurians in northeastern Mongolia, but more particularly by the Manchus (the present rulers of China). The chief among these tribes were (a) the Khitans, who in 907 conquered China and set up a dynasty there (called the Liao) which lasted until 1123, when they were conquered by their rivals; (b) the Niuchi, Juchi, or Jurchin (the true Tatars, and the ancestors of the modern Manchus), who also established a dynasty, called Kin ('golden '), and are hence known as the Kin Tatars; (c) the Kara-Khitai (or black Tatars), a remnant of the Khitans who, when their empire was overthrown by the Juchi, escaped westward and founded an empire which stretched from the Oxus to the desert of Shamo, and from Tibet to the Altai; (d) the Onguts (or white Tatars). 2. In the middle ages, the host of Mongol, Turk, and Tatar warriors who swept over Asia under the leadership of Jenghiz Khan, and threatened Europe.-3. Numerous tribes or peoples of mixed Turkish, Mongol, and Tatar origin (descendants of the remnants of these hosts) now inhabiting the steppes of central Asia, Ru ia in Europe, Siberia (the latter with an additional intermixture of Finnish and Samoyedic blood), and the Caucasus, such as the Kazan Tatars (the remnant of the Kiptchaks, or "Golden Horde"), the Crim Tatars in the Crimea, the Kalmucks or Eleuths (who are properly Mongols), etc. Tatary (tä'ta-ri), more frequently Tartary (tär'ta-ri). A name formerly given to central Asia, on account of the inroads of Tatar hordes in the middle ages. It was later sometimes divided the coast of the department of Manche, France, 16 miles east of Cherbourg. Tatius, Achilles. See Achilles Tatius, and Statius . Tatius (tā ́shi-us), Titus. In Roman legend, a king of the Sabines who attacked Rome, and ruled over it conjointly with Romulus. Tatler (tat'ler), The. A periodical founded by Steele in 1709, and discontinued in 1711. Add is on wrote 41 papers; Add is on and Steele together 34. Steele wrote a much larger number alone. Tátra (tä'tro) Mountains. The highest group of the Car path i an system, situated in northern Hungary and on the Galician frontier, about lat. 49° 15′ N., long. 19°-20° E. Also called the Central or High Car path i ans. Highest point, the Gerlsdorfer Spitze (8,737 feet). Tattam (tat'am), Henry. Born in Ireland, Dec. 28, 1788: died at Stamford Rivers, England, Jan. 8, 1868. A British clergyman noted as an Orientalist, and especially as an authority on Coptic. He published a Coptic grammar, a Coptic dictionary, various Coptic works, etc. Tattersall's (tat'er-salz). A sporting estab lishment and auction mart for horses, in London, opened about 1770 by Richard Tattersall (1724 1795). Since 1865 it has been situated near Knights bridge Green. The "subscription room was opened in 1818. The name has been given to similar establishments in other cities. Tattle (tat'l). A character in Congreve's "Love for Love": a vain, impertinent beau, boasting of his amours, yet priding himself on his secrecy. Tattnall (tat'nal), Josiah. Born near Savannah, Ga., 1762: died at Na au, Bahamas, June 6, 1803. An American Revolutionary soldier and politician. He was United States senator from Georgia 1796-99, and governor of Georgia 1801-02. Tattnall, Josiah. Born near Savannah, Ga., Nov. 9, 1795: died at Savannah, June 14, 1871. An American naval officer, son of J. Tattnall (1762-1803). He served in the War of 1812; in the Algerine war; against the pirates infesting the West Indies; and in the Mexican war. In 1857 he was appointed flag officer of the Asiatic station. While occupying this post he violated the law of neutrality by a isting the British in an attack on the Peiho forts, China ("Blood," he said, "is thicker than water"): his conduct was sustained by the government. In 1861 he accepted a captaincy in the Confederate navy, and in 1862 succeeded Franklin Buchanan in command of the Merrimac. When, soon after, the Confederates were forced to abandon Norfolk, he destroyed the Merrimac off Craney Island (May 11, 1862) in order to prevent her falling into the hands of the Federals. Tattvabodhinisabha (tut-twa-bo-dhi-nê-su'bhä). ['Truth-investigating' or 'Truth-teaching Society.'] A society founded at Calcutta in 1839 by Debendranath Tagore to carry on the labors of Ram Mohun Roy in restoring the monotheistic system believed by him to be taught in the original Hindu scriptures. It lasted 20 years, being merged in 1859 in the Brahmasamaj (which see). Tatty coram (tat-i-kōʻram). A character in Dickens's "Little Dorrit." Her real name is Harriet Beadle. Tatu (tä'tö), or Huchnom (höch'nom). A tribe of North American Indians, living in Upper Potter Valley, California. See Yukian . Tauber Taubert (tou'bert), Karl Gottfried Wilhelm. Born at Berlin, March 23, 1811: died there, Jan. 7,1891. A German composer. He was made music- director of the royal opera in 1841, court kapellmeister in 1845, and chief kapellmeister in 1867. He wrote songs, operas ("Macbeth," "Cesario," etc.), sonatas, music to dramas, etc. Tauchnitz (touch'nits), ts), Christian Bernhard von. Born Aug. 25, 1816: died Aug. 14, 1895. A German publisher, nephew of K.C.T.Tauchnitz. He founded in 1837 a printing and publishing house at Leipsic, and in 1841 began the publication of his "Col- lection of British Authors" (the "Tauchnitz Edition"), to which were subsequently added "Collection of German Authors" (in English translations) and "Students' Tauch- nitz Editions." ner. See Glockner . Tauern, Niedere. A name sometimes given to a mountain-range in Salzburg and Styria, east of the Hohe Tauern. Tauferer Thal (tou'fer-er täl). An Alpine valley in central Tyrol. Taugenichts (tou'ge-nichts), aus dem Leben eines. [G., 'From the Life of a Good-for Nothing."] A romance by Eichendorff, published in 1826. Taughannock (ta-gan ok), or Taghanuck, Falls. A perpendicular cascade, 212 feet in height, near Cayuga Lake, western New York. Tauler (tou'ler), Johann. Born at Strasburg about 1300: died there, June 16, 1361. A noted German mystic and preacher. He entered the Dominican order about 1318; was driven from Strasburg with other Do mini cans who disregarded the interdict of John XXII. in 1339; and established himself at Basel. Here he became intimately a ociated with the "Friends of God." In 1352 he returned to Strasburg. His "Sermons" were published in 1498. Other works ("Book of Spiritual Poverty," etc.) also have been ascribed to him. Taunay (tō-nā'), Alfredo d'Escragnolle. Born at Rio de Janeiro, Feb. 22, 1843: died there in Feb., 1899. A Brazilian military engineer, author, and politician. He served in the Paraguay an war 1865-70; subsequently was prominent in congre as an advocate of means for promoting immigration; was president of Santa Catharina and Parana; and in 1886 became senator. His "Retraite de Laguna" (1871: Portuguese edition 1872) describes an episode of the Paraguay an war, and is widely known. He is the best of Brazilian novelists, published many critical and political e ays, poems, etc. Taunton (tân tọn). The capital of Somerset, England, situated on the Tone 38 miles southwest of Bristol. It has a castle (said to have been founded by Ine) and a Gothic church; was made by Ine, the West-Saxon king, a frontier fortre in the 8th century; was long held by the bishops of Winchester; was seized by Perkin Warbeck in 1497; was taken by the Royalists in 1643; was besieged and taken by the Parliamentarians un der Blake in 1644; and was defended by Blake in 1644-45, and relieved by Fairfax. The Duke of Mon mouth was proclaimed king here in 1685, and the "Bloody A izes" were held here by Jeffreys in the same year. Population (1891), 18,026. Taunton (tän'ton). A city in Bristol County, Ma achusetts, situated on Taunton River, at the head of navigation, 32 miles south of Boston. It has manufactures of locomotives, nails, cotton goods, copper, silver-plated and britannia ware, etc. It was settled about 1638, and became a city in 1864. Population (1900), 31,036. Taunton River. A small river in southeastern Ma achusetts which flows into Mount Hope Bay (Narragansett Bay) at Fall River. Taunus (tou'nös). A mountainous and plateau region in Pru ia and He e, lying between the Rhine, the Lahn, the Main, and the Wetter. The name is generally limited to the southern portion of this region, called also Die Höhe. Its culminating point is the Gro er Feldberg (about 2,900 feet). It contains many mineral springs. Taupo (ta pō), Lake. A lake in North Island. New Zealand, situated about lat. 38° 45′ S. Length, 24 miles. Tauri (tâ'rī). In ancient history, a people dwell ing in the Crimea. Taurian games (tâ'ri-an gāmz). A name under the Roman republic for the games called secular (lud i sæculares) under the empire. Also called Tarentine games . Tauric (ta'rik, Chersonese, or Tauric Penin sula. The Crimea. Taurida (tou'rē-dä). [G. Taurien .] A government of southern Ru ia. Capital, Simferopol. It is bounded by the governments of Kherson and Yekaterinoslaff, the Black Sea, and the Sea of Azoff, and includes the Crimea. The inhabitants include Ru ians, Tatars, Germans (Men no nites, etc.), and others. Area, 24,539 square miles. Population (1890), 1,167,600. Taurids (tâ'ridz). A shower of meteors appearing Nov. 20, and radiating from a point north, preceding Aldebaran in Taurus. The meteors are slow, and fire-balls occasionally appear among them. Taurini (ta-rīnī). In ancient history, a Ligurian tribe which dwelt in the valley of the upper Po, near Turin. Tauris. See Tabriz . Taurisci (ta-ris'i). A Celtic people which dwelt in the ancient Noricum. Tauroggen (tou'rog-en), Convention of. A convention between the Pru ian general York and the Ru ian general Diebitsch, concluded Dec. 30, 1812, at Poscherun (or Poscherau), near Tauroggen, in the Ru ian government of Kov no. The Pru ian corps (auxiliary to the French) was neutralized. Tauromenium (tâ-ro-me'ni-um). The Roman name of Taormina. Taurus (ta'rus). [Perhaps from Aramean tur , mountain.] A mountain-range in the southern part of Asia Minor. It extends from the southwest ern extremity eastward to near the northeastern angle of the Mediterranean (or to the valley of the Jihun, separating it from the Amanus). The Anti-Taurus is an offshoot to the northeast. The chief pa is the Cilician Gates. Highest point, probably about 11,000 feet. Taurus. [L., 'the bull.'] An ancient constellation and sign of the zodiac, representing the forward part of a bull. It contains the star Aldebaran of the first magnitude, the star Nath of the second sign is ४. magnitude, and the striking group of the Pleiads. Its Taus, or Tau (to us). A manufacturing town in western Bohemia, 29 miles southwest of Pil sen. Population (1891), commune, 7,703. Tautphœus (tout'fe-ös), Barone von (Jemima Montgomery). Born in Ireland in 1807: died at Munich, Nov. 12, 1893. An Irish novelist. She visited Munich in 1836, and married there Baron von Tautphœus. She published "Cyrilla," "Quits," "At Odds," "The Initials," etc. Tavannes (tä-vän tä-vän'), Gaspard de Saulx de. Bornat Dijon, March, 1509: died 1573. A marshal of France. He captured Metz in 1552-53; took part in the capture of Verdun and decided the victory of Renti in 1554; and took a leading part in the wars against the Huguenots (at the battles of Jarnac and Mon contour in 1569), and in the ma acre of St. Bartholomew in 1572. Tavastehus (tä-väs'tā-hös). 1. A government in southern Finland, Ru ia. Area, 8,334 square miles. Population (1890), 257,851.-2. The capital of Tavastehus, situated 60 miles north of Helsingfors. Population (1890), 4,644. Tavda (täv'dä). A river in western Siberia which rises in the Urals and joins the Tobol southwest of Tobolsk. Total length, about 400 miles. Tavernier (tä-ver-nyā'), Jean Baptiste. Born at Paris, 1605: died 1689. A French traveler. As a merchant he made various journeys to Turkey, Persia, central Asia, and the East Indies. His "Voyages" was published 1676-79. Tavetscher Thal (tä-vech'er täl). An Alpine valley at the western extremity of the canton of Grisons, Switzerland, at the head of the valley of the Vorderrhein, west of Di ent is. of Algarve, Portugal, situated in lat. 37° 7' N., Tavira (tä-vē'rä). A seaport in the province long. 7° 36′ W. It has a coasting trade and fisheries. Population (1890), 11,558. Tav i stock (tav'is-tok). A town in Devons hire, England, situated on the Tavy 12 miles north of Plymouth. It has ruins of an abbey founded in the 10th century, and is the center of a large mining district (tin, copper, lead, etc.). Population (1891), 6,914. Tavoy (tä-voi'). 1. A district in the Tena erim division, British Burma, India, intersected by lat. 14° N. Area, 7,150 square miles. Population (1891), 94,921.-2. The capital of the district of Tavoy, situated on the river Tavoy, near the coast, about 160 miles west of Bangkok. Population (1891), 15,099. Tavris, or Tavriz. See Tabriz . Taw (ta). A river in Devons hire, England, which unites with the Torridge and flows into Barn staple Bay. Length, about 50 miles. Taxila (tak'si-lä). [Gr. Τάξιλα.] In ancient geography, a city in the Panjab, India, in the vicinity of the modern Rawal Pindi. Taxiles (tak'si-lēz). [Gr. Tαξίλης.] 1. An Indian king in the Panjab at the time of the invasion of Alexander the Great (about 326 в.с.). _ 2. A leading general of Mithridates the Great. Tay (ta). The longest river in Scotland. It rises on the borders of Perth shire and Argylls hire, being called at first the Fillan and then the Do chart; traverses Loch IMG:content-1098.png:[blocks in formation] Tay, Firth of. The estuary of the Tay, Scotland. It extends to about the mouth of the Earn, separating Fife from Perth shire and For far shire. Greatest width, about 21 miles. Tay, Loch. A lake in Perth shire, Scotland, traversed by the river Tay. Length, 14+ miles. Tayabas (ti-ä'Bäs). A town in the southern part of Luzon, Philippine Islands, 60 miles southeast of Manila. Population (1887), 16,065. Taygeta (tā-ij'e-tä). [Gr. Ταϋγέτη, one of the daughters of Atlas and Pleione.] The fifth magnitude star 19 ε Pleiadum, situated at the southwest corner of the group. Taygetus (tā-ij'e-tus). The highest mountain range in the Peloponnesus, Greece. It is situated in the western part of Laconia, on the border between La conia and Me enia, extending into Arcadia. Length, 70 miles. Highest point, St. Elias (the ancient Taletum) 7,900 feet). Taylor (ta lor), Alfred. Born in Fairfax County, Va., May 23, 1810: died at Washington, D. Č., April 19, 1891. An American admiral. He was appointed a midshipman in the United States navy in 1825; commander in 1855; and rear-admiral in 1872. He served in the blockade of Vera Cruz during the Mexican war; accompanied Commodore Perry on his expedition to Japan 1853-54; and was attached to the Boston navy-yard during the Civil War. He was retired in 1872. Taylor, Bayard. Born at Kennett Square, Chester County, Pa., Jan. 11, 1825: died at Berlin, Dec. 19, 1878. An American poet, traveler, writer of travels, translator, and novelist. He was named after James A. Bayard, and in early life sometimes signed himself “ J. Bayard Taylor." He was apprenticed to a printer in 1842. He traveled on foot in Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, etc., 1844-46, writing letters to American papers; was connect ed with the New York "Tribune," and its correspondent in California 1849-50; and traveled in Egypt, Asia Minor, Syria, and Europe 1851-52, and in Spain, India, China, and Japan 1852-53, joining Perry's expedition in Japan. On his return, having traveled more than fifty you sand miles, he began his series of lectures. He traveled in Germany, Norway, and Lapland in 1855; traveled later in Greece, etc.; was secretary of legation and chargé d'affaires at St. Petersburg 1862-63; resided afterward on the Continent; visited Egypt and Iceland in 1874; and was appointed United States minister at Berlin 1878. His principal works are "Ximena, etc." (1844 poems), "Views Afoot" (1846), "Rhymes of Travel" (1849), "Eldorado, or Adventures in the Path of Empire" (1850), "Book of Romances, Lyrics, and Songs" (1851), "A Journey to Central Africa" (1854), "The Lands of the Saracen" (1854), "Poems and Ballads" (1854), "A Visit to India, China, and Japan" (1855), "Poems of the Orient" (1855), "Poems of Home and Travel" (1855) "Northern Travel" (1857), "Travels in Greece, etc." (1859), "At Home and Abroad" (1859-62), "The Poet's Journal" (1862), "Hannah Thurston" (1863: a novel), "John Godfrey's Fortunes" (1864), "The Story of Kennett" (1866), "Colorado" (1867), "Byways of Europe" (1869), "Joseph and his Friend" (1870), "The Masque of the Gods" (1872), "Beauty and the Beast" (1872), "Lars, etc." (1873), "School History of Germany to 1871" (1874), "Egypt and Iceland (1874), "The Prophet" (1874: a tragedy of Mormonism), "Home Pastorals" (1875), "The Echo Club, and other Literary Diversions" (1876), "Boys of Other Countries" (1876), "The National Ode" (1876), "Prince Deucalion" (1878), "Studies in German Literature" (1879), "Critical E ays, etc." (1880), and "Dramatic Works" (1880: with notes by M. H. Taylor). He edited Tegner's "Frithjofs Saga" in 1867 (translated by Black ley), and translated Goethe's "Faust" in the original meters (1870-71). Taylor, Benjamin Franklin. Born at Lowville, N. Y., July 19, 1819: died at Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 24, 1887. An American poet, miscellaneous author, and war correspondent. He wrote "Pictures of Life in Camp and Field" (1871), "The World on Wheels, etc." (1874), "Song of Yesterday" (1877), "Between the Gates" (1878), "Summer Savory, etc." (1879), "Dulce Domum" (1884), "Theophilus Trent" (a novel, 1887), etc. His poems include "Isle of the Long Ago,” "Rhymes of the River," and "The Old Village Choir." Taylor, Brook. Born at Edmonton, England, Aug. 18, 1685: died at Somerset House, Dec. 29, 1731. An English mathematician. He entered St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1701. In 1708 he solved the problem of the center of oscillation (results published later tohilosophical Transactions. His works include "Method us inc remen to rum et (1715), "New Principles of Linear Perspective" (1719), "Contemplatio Philosophic a" (1793). He is best known as the discoverer of "Taylor's theorem." Taylor, Sir Henry. Born near Durham, Oct. 18,1800: died at Bourne mouth, March 27, 1886. A noted English dramatic poet, statesman, and critic. He went to London in 1823, and obtained an ap point ment in the colonial office in 1824, retiring in 1872. He became editor of the "London Magazine" in 1824, and was made knight commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George in 1869. His chief dramas are "Isaac Comnenus" (1827), "Philip van Artevelde" (1834), "Edwin the Fair" (1842), "The Virgin Widow" (1850). Among his other works are "The Statesman" (1836), "Notes from Life" (1847), "The Eve of the Conquest, and other Poems" (1847), “Notes from Books" (1849). His autobiography was published in 1885; his letters were edited by Edward Dowden in 1888. Taylor, Isaac. Born at Lavenham, Suffolk, England, Aug. 17, 1787: died at Stanford Riv Taylor, Isaac ers, E ex, England, June 28, 1865. An English author. He studied art, but ultimately adopted literature as a profe ion. Among his works are "Natural History of Enthusiasm" (1829), "Natural History of Fanati cism" (1834), "Saturday Evening" (1832), "Spiritual Des potism" (1835), "Physical Theory of Another Life" (1836), "Ancient Christianity" (1839), "Restoration of Belief" (1855), "Spirit of Hebrew Poetry" (1861), etc. Taylor, Isaac. Born at Stanford Rivers, May 2, 1829: died at Sett ring ton, Oct. 18, 1901. An English philologist and antiquarian, son of Isaac Taylor (1787-1865). He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, and, after holding benefices at Bethnal Green and Twickenham, was rector of Sett ring ton, Yorkshire, 1875-1901, and a canon of York 1885-1901. Among his works are "Words and Places" (1864), "The Alphabet: an Account of the Origin and Development of Letters" (1883), "Etruscan Researches" (1874), "Greeks and Goths: a Study on the Runes" (1879), "The Origin of the Aryans" (1890), etc. Taylor, Baron Isidore Justin Séver in. Born at Bru els, Aug. 15, 1789: died at Paris, Sept. 8, 1879. A French artist and author. He published "Voyages pittoresques et rom antiques de l'ancienne France" (1820-63), etc. Taylor, Jane. Born at London, Sept. 23, 1783: died at Ongar, E ex, April 12, 1824. An English poet and author. Conjointly with her sister Ann Taylor she wrote "Original for Infant Minds," "Hymns for Infant Minds," etc. Among her independent works are "Display" (1815), "E ays in Rhyme on Morals and Manners" (1816), etc. Taylor, Jeremy. Born at Cambridge, England (baptized Aug. 15, 1613): died at Lisburn, Ire land, Aug. 13, 1667. An English bishop and celebrated theological writer. He was the son of a barber, and was educated at Caius College, Cambridge, being elected a fellow of his college in 1633. He was afterward appointed to a fellowship at All Souls, Oxford, by Archbishop Laud. He became rector of Upping ham, in Rut lands hire, in 1638. During the civil war he adhered to the royal cause, serving as chaplain to Charles I. He lost his living in 1642, and supported himself by teaching. After the Restoration he was made bishop of Down and Connor and a member of the Irish privy council. His chief works are "Liberty of Prophesying" (1647), "Life of Christ, or the Great Exemplar" (1648), "Holy Living" (1650), "Holy Dying" (1651), "Golden Grove" (1655), "Ductor Dubitan tium" (1660), and "Di uasive from Popery" (1664-67). His collected works were edited by Heber in 1822. Taylor, John. Born in Gloucestershire, 1580: died at London, Dec., 1654. An English poet, known as "the Water Poet." By occupation he was a waterman, and afterward collector of wine duties for the Tower lieutenant. At the outbreak of the civil war he became a Royalist, and kept a tavern at Oxford; at the time of his death he kept the Crown Tavern in Phœnix Alley, Long acre, London. His writings are val uable illustrations of the manner of his age. He wrote many poetical prose works, first collected in 1630, which were very popular. His complete works, comprising about 140 separate titles, were edited by Hindley in 1872. Taylor, John. Born in England, Nov. 1,1808: died July 25, 1887. A Mormon mi ionary and apostle. He emigrated to Toronto, Canada, in 1832; was converted to the Mormon faith in 1836; became an apostle in 1838; was with Joseph Smith during the attack on Carthage jail in 1844; succeeded Young as president of the Mormon Church in 1877; and in 1880 became president of the faction which sanctioned polygamy. Taylor, Joseph. An English actor of the time of Shakspere. He was the succe or of Burbage in Hamlet and Othello, and is supposed to have been the original Iago. It is said that Shakspere personally instructed him to play Hamlet, and the remembrance of this performance enabled Davenant to give the traditions of Shakspere's directions. Taylor, Nathaniel William. Born at New Milford, Conn., July 23, 1786: died at New Haven, Conn., March 10, 1858. An American Congregational clergyman and theologian, leader of the “New Haven School of Theology" (also called "Taylor ism"). He graduated at Yale in 1807; became pastor of the First Congregational Church at New Haven in 1812; and was profe or of theology at Yale 1822-58. He wrote "Practical Sermons" (1858), "Lectures on Moral Government" (1859), "E ays, Lectures, etc., on Select Topics of Revealed Theology" (1859). Taylor, Richard, often called Dick. Born at New Orleans, Jan. 27, 1826: died at New York, April 12, 1879. A Confederate general, son of Zachary Taylor. He was a member of the Sece ion Convention of Louisiana; served under Jackson in the Valley campaign and the Seven Days' battles in 1862; later was commander in Louisiana; defeated Banks at Sabine Cro Roads, and was defeated by him at Pleasant Hill, in 1864; commanded east of the Mi i ippi 1864-65; and sur rendered to General Canby May 4, 1865. He wrote "De struct i on and Reconstruction" (1879). 29, clerk, and then a teacher in private schools; and spent the Tearle Battle dians. Their habitat was formerly on the Pacific coast of Oregon, below the mouth of Rogue River; it is now on the Siletz reservation, Oregon. See At hap as can . last forty years of his life in studious retirement. Hemade translations of Plato, Aristotle, Pausanias, and various Neoplatonists. He is sometimes called "the Platonist." Tchad, Lake. See Chad. Taylor, Tom. Born at Sunder land in 1817: Tchadyr-Dagh (chä-der-däg'). ['Tent moun. died at Wands worth, July 12, 1880. An English tain. A mountain in the Crimea, south by dramatist and art critic, editor of "Punch" east of Simferopol: the ancient Trapezus Mons. from 1874 to 1880. He studied at Glasgow University Height, 5,131 feet. and at Trinity College, Cambridge, and for two years was profe or of English at University College, London. He Tchai (chi). The Turkish word for 'river': comwas called to the bar in 1845, and in 1854 was appointed mon in geographical names. secretary of the board of health. He wrote or adapted Tchalabone. See Cholovone . over 100 plays, among which are "Still Waters Run Deep," Tchatal-Dagh (chä-täl-däg'). A range of the Victims," "An Unequal Match," "The Overland Route," "The Contested Election," "Our American Cousin," "To Balkans in Eastern Rumelia, Bulgaria, situated Parents and Guardians," "The Ticket-of-Leave Man," near Sliven. "Twixt Axe and Crown," "Joan of Arc," "Lady Clancarty," Tcheliuskin, Cape. See Severo , Cape . "Anne Boleyn," and, with Charles Reade, "Masks and Faces," "Two Loves and a Life," and "The King's Rival." He wrote a life of Haydon, edited the "Autobiographical Recollections" of C. R. Leslie, and wrote "Leicester Square, its A ociations and its Worthies" (1874), etc. Taylor, William. Born in Rock bridge County, Cal., May a Ma Va., May 2, 1821: died at Palo Alto, Cal., 18,1902. An American mi ionary of the Meth odist Episcopal Church. He founded independent sionary bishop to Africa in 1884. He wrote "Seven Years' mi ions to India and South America, and became a mis Street Preaching in San Francisco" (1856), "California Life Illustrated" (1858), "Model Preacher" (1860), "Four Years' Campaign in India " (1875), etc. Taylor, William Mackergo. Born at Kilmar nock, Scotland, Oct. 23, 1829: died at New York, Feb. 8, 1895. A Scottish-American Presbyterian clergyman and author: pastor of the Tchernaya (char'ni-ä). A small river in the Crimea, which flows into the Black Sea near Sebastopol. On its banks, Aug. 16, 1855, the allies repelled an attack by the Ru ians. Tchernigoff (cher-ne-gof'). A government of Ru ia, surrounded by the governments of Moghileff, Smolensk, Orel, Kursk, Poltava, Kieff, and Minsk. It lies in the basin of the Dnieper, which Population, 2,109,983. Also Chernigoff . forms part of its boundary. Area, 20,233 square miles. Tchernigoff. The capital of the government of Tchernigoff, situated on the Desna in lat. 51° 30′ N.: one of the oldest towns in Ru ia. Population, 26,815. Tchernigoff, Principality of. A medieval principality in central Ru ia. It was acquired by Broadway Tabernacle (Congregational) in New Lithuania under Gedimin (1315-40). York city 1872, pastor emeritus 1892. Among Tchernyshevsky (cher-ne-shef's ke), Nikolai. his works are "The Miracles" (1865), "David" (1875), "Elijah" (1876), "Ministry of the Word" (1876), "Peter" (1876), "Daniel" (1878), "Moses" (1879), "Gospel Miracles" (1880), "Paul" (1882), "John Knox" (1884), "Joseph" (1887), "Parables of our Saviour" (1886), etc. Taylor, William Rogers. Born at Newport, R. I., Nov. 7, 1811: died at Washington, D. C., April 14, 1889. An American admiral, son of W. V. Taylor. He entered the navy as a midshipman in 1828; served in the Mexican war; and during the Civil War acted as fleet-captain under Dahlgren in the attack on Morris Island in July, 1863. He was promoted rear admiral in 1871 and retired in 1873. Taylor, William Vigneron. Born at Newport, R. I., 1781: died there, Feb. 11, 1858. An American naval officer. He entered the United States navy as a sailing-master in 1813 (having previously attained the rank of captain in the merchant marine), and in the same year served with distinction under Perry in the battle of Lake Erie. Taylor, Zachary. Born in Orange County, Va., Sept. 24, 1784: died at Washington, D. C., July 9, 1850. The twelfth President of the United States. He entered the army as first lieutenant in 1808; Fort Harrison against the Indians in 1812; served Born at Saratoff, 1828: died there, Oct. 29, 1889. A Ru ian historical and political writer and novelist, exiled to eastern Siberia as a Nihilist: well known from his "tendency" novel "What is to be Done?" (1867). Tcheskaya (ches kä-yä), Gulf of. A gulf in the north of Ru ia, in the government of Arch- angel. Tchesme, or Chesme (ches'me). A small port on the western coast of Asia Minor, opposite Chios and west of Smyrna. Near it, July, 1770, the Ru ian fleet under Orloff, aided by Rear-Admiral John Elphinstone and Sir Samuel (later Admiral) Greig, nearly annihilated the Turkish fleet. The Turkish ve els were burned by the enemy during the night. Tchishi (che's he). The Warm Springs Springs Apaches: so named because they formerly lived at Aguas Calientes, or Hot Springs, New Mexico. Their chief, Victoria or Cochise, was killed in 1881. See Apaches . Tchita, or or C Chita (che'tä). The capital of Transbaikalia, Siberia, a, situated near the junction jur of the Tchita and Ingoda, 410 miles east of Ir served in the War of 1812, attaining the rank of majord kutsk. It is a trading center for Eastern Siin Black Hawk's war in 1832, with the rank of colonel; de beria. Population, about 10,000 (?). feated the Seminole Indians at Okeechobee in 1837, and Tchitimacha. See Chit i machan . was brevetted brigadier-general; and became commander in-chief in Florida in 1838. Later he commanded in the Tcholovone. See Cholovone . Southwest. In 1845 he took command of the army in Texas. Tchu (chö). A river in Ru ian Central Asia He commanded in northern Mexico in the Mexican war; which rises in the Thian-Shan Mountains and gained the battle of Palo Alto May 8, 1846, and that of is lost in the sands. It was formerly a tribu Resaca de la Palma May 9; took po e ion of Matamoros May 18; captured Monterey Sept. 24; and defeated Santa Anna at Buena Vista Feb. 22-23, 1847. He was appointed major-general June 29, 1846. In 1848 he was elected as Whig candidate to the presidency, and was inaugurated March 4, 1849. Taylorville (ta'lor-vil). The capital of Chris tian County, Illinois, situated on the South Fork of the Sangamon, 26 miles southeast of