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(Eduard Oskar), German zoologist, b. Torgau, 21 Feb. 1823. He travelled widely, and became profe or of natural history at Jena. Among the first of Germans to accept Darwin ism, he has illustrated its application in many directions, and published an able work on The Doctrine of Descent and Darwin ism in the “International Scientific Series.” Died at Strasburg, 17 Jan. 1886.