BISMUTH

n. Bi?z/musth. Lat., bismuthum [Br. Pb., Belg. Ph., Finn. Ph., Greek Ph., Netherl. Ph.; Swed. Ph.], bismutum ais Ph.]. Fr., bismuth, Ger., Wismut, Wismuth, Wi muth. t., bismuto. Sp., bismuto [Sp.-Ph.]. A metallic element known from early times, but: formerly confounded with other elements and with their compounds. It is found often uncombined and also in various forms of combination in the mineral kingdom, It is often a ociated with other metals, especially iron and silver, and with non-metallic elements, especially sulphur, tellurium, and arsenic. B. occurs in hard, brittle, grayish or reddish-white, lustrous ma es, and may also be obtained in the form of me crystals. Tt melts at 270° C., oxidizes on exposure to the air, and is di olved by hot sulphuric acid, by nitric acid, and by nitro hydrochloric acid. Sp. gr., 9823. In composition it usually acts as a triad, but also as a diad, and with oxygen it combines in four proportions, acting as a tetrad and pentad, as well as a diad and triad. Symbol, Bi; atomle weight, 210. fe. 8.]—Acicular b. A native alloy of b. compounded with sulphur, lead, and copper. [B, 2.)—Azotate basique de b.(Fr.). Basic b, nitrate. [B.]—Azotate de b. (Fr,), Nitrate of b. [B.]|—Azotate de b. neutre. B. trinitrate. [B, 81.] —Basic b. carbonate. Fr., carbonate basic de b. Ger., basiches kohl ens aures Wismutoxyd. 1t., carbon a to di bismuto basico. A compound in which b, oxide or b. hydrate replaces the hydrogen in carbonic acid. The principal basic carbonate is b. subearbonate Ch v.). Another basic carbonate, of the composition 3Bi,02.CO3+ 2Bi(OH), +3H,0, is found native as a mineral. [B, ae asic b. nitrate. Fr., azotate,basique deb. Ger., basiches sal peters aures Wismutoxyd. It., nitrato di bismuto basico. A compound in which b, oxide or b. hydrate replaces the hydrogen of nitric acid. Several basic nitrates of b. are known, the most important of which is b. sub nitrate. [B.|—Basic b. sulphate. Fr., sulfate basique de b. Ger., basisches schwefelsaures Wismutoxyd. It., solfato di bismuto basico. A compound in which b. oxide or b. hydrate repee the hydrogen in sulphuric acid. Several are known, formed y the action of water upon tri sulphate of b. and in other ways. For mule, Bis(OH,).SO,.Biz0,S0, and Bi(OH).SO,+H,0. [B, 3. Beurre de b. (Ft). B. trichloride. [B, 46.) Biehlorure de b. (Fr.), B. dichloride. {B.]—Bioxyde de b. (Fr.), Dioxide of b. Bla amalgam. Fr., amalgame.bismuth i que (ou de b.). Ger., ismuth-Amalgam. An alloy of b. and mercury; a substance at first soft, afterward acquiring a granular crystalline texture. [B, 2.|—B. and ammonium citrate. Lat., bismuth i ef ammon it citras (U.S. Ph.]. Fr., citrate de b. et d’ammonia que (ou. Ger., citron ens aures Wismuthoryd-Ammonium. It., citrato di bismuto e d’ammonio. Sp., citrato de bismuto y de amonio. A body occurring under the form of pearly or translucent scales, without odor and of a slightly acidulous metallic taste; soluble in water; prepared by di olving citrate of b. in a mixture of water of ammonia and water. Constitution uncertain. [B, 5.J— B. and pota ium iodide. Fr., iodure de b. ct de pota ium, Ger., Kaliumwismuthjodiir. It., ioduro di bismuto e di pota io. Sp., toduro de bismuto y de potasio. A compound used in a very delicate test for alkaloids; prepared by adding 3 parts of iodide of ta ium to 16 of b. ide and 3 of hydrochloric acid. [B,5; * Gazz. Chim. Ital.,” xiii, 1882, p. 155 (B); “Jour. de pharm.,” 1883,. 257 (B).J—B. arsenate. Fr., arséniate deb. Ger., arsensaures ismutoxyd. It.,arseniato di bismuto. Sp.,arseniato de bismuto. Properly, b. Ey ngerecratee lect) substance, Big(A 0. )g, insoluble in water, [B,3.|—B. bismuth ate. B, tetroxide. [B,3.]—B. bromide. Fr., bromure deb. Ger., Wismuthbromiir, Bromwismut. It., bromuro di bismuto. Sp., bromuro de bismuto. A compound of b. and bromine. See B. tri bromide, B. dibromide, and B. oxy bromide. —B. carbonate. Fr., carbonate de b., b. carbon até. Ger., kohl ens aures Wismutoxyd. It., carbon a to di bismuto. Sp., carbon a to de bismuto, See Basic b. carbonate and B. sub carbonate, The carbonate of b. of the Br. Ph. is b. sub carbonate. [B.]—B. chloride. Fr., chlorure deb. Ger., Chlorwismut. It., cloruro di bismuto. Sp., cloruro de bismuto. A compound of b. and chlorine. 1B See B. dichloride, B. trichloride, and B. oxy chloride—B. chlorsulphide. B. thio chloride; a substance, BiSCl, forming white acicular crystals insoluble in water, [B, 3.]—B. chromate. Fr., chromate deb. Ger., chromsaures Wismut (oder Wismutoxyd). It., cromato di bismuto. A compound of b. and chromic acid. Several basic chromates and poly chromates of b. are known. [B, 3.]—B. citrate. Fr,, citrate deb, Ger., citron ens aures Wismut, It., citrato di bismuto. Sp., citraio de bismuto, A compound of b. and citric acid. The normal cir eaelof, b. (Lat., bismuth i citras (U.S. Ph.]. bismuthum citricum; Fr., citrate de b. nentre; Ger., neutrales citrons aures Wismuth), CH,Oy.Bi, is official in the U. S. Ph, It is a white amorphous powder devoid of taste and odor and insoluble in water and in alcohol. [B, 3.]—B. dibromide. Fr., dibromure (ou bibromure) de b. Ger., Wismutdibromiir. It., dibromuro di bismuto. A substance, BiBra, suspected to exist, but not yet satisfactorily isolated. [B, 3.1—B. hloride. Fr., bichiorure (ou dichlorure) deb. Ger., Wismutchloriir. It., bicloruro (o dicloruro) di bismuto. Sp., dicloruro de bismuto. A black, crystalline, fusible substance of the composition BiCl,. [B, 3.]—B. dioxide. Fr., biowxyde (ou dioxyde) de b. Ger., Wismutdioxyd. It., bio ido (0 dio ido) di bismuto, Sp., didxido de bismuto. A dark-gray crystalline powder, Bi,O,. [B, 3.]—B. disulphide. Fr., bisulfure (ou disulfure) de b. Ger., Wis mut disulfid. It., bisolfuro (ou disolfuro) di bismuto. Sp., disulfuro de bismuto. A substance, Bi,S,, prepared by melting together b. and sulphur, forming gray aggregations of acicular crystals of a metallic appearance. When obtained by precipitation it forms a black powder of the composition Bi,S,+2H,0. [B, 8]— B. dit de Juesvenille (Fr.). See Créme de b.—B’ethyl. Fr., bismuththyle. Ger., Wismutdthyl. Syn.: ethyl bismuth. A bivalent radicle, Bi(C,H,), analogous in composition to a primary amine. 1B, 4.J—Bethyl chloride, B’ethyl dichloride. Fr., chlorure (ou bichlorure)de bismuth-éthyle. Ger., Wismutäthyldichlorür. A crystalline body, Bi(C,H,).Cly. [B,4.]—B’ethyl oxide. Fr., oxyde de bismuth-éthyle. Ger., Wismutäthyloxyd. A substance of the composition Bi(C,H,).0. ' [B, 4.]—B. fluoride. Fr., fluorure de b. Ger., Wis mut fluorid, It., fluoruro di bismuto. See B. tri fluoride. —B. hydrate. Fr., hydrate deb. Ger., Wismutoxydhydrat. It., idrato di bismuto. Sp.,hidrato de bismuto. B. tri hydroxide. [B.] —B, iodide. Fr., iodure de b. Ger., Jodwismut. It., ioduro di bismuto. Sp., ioduro de bismuto. See’ B. tri iodide and B. oxyiodide.—B. i so valerate. See B. valerian ate.—B. lactate. Lat.. bismuth i lactas. Fr., lactate de b. Ger., milchsaures Wismut (oder Wismutoxyd). It..lattato di bismuto, Sp., lactato de bismuto. A compound of b. and lactic acid. Two basic b. lactates are known, prepared by the action of sodium lactate on b. nitrate, or of lactic acid on b. hydrate or carbonate. (By 2, 81.]—B. lozenges. See Trochi sci BISMUTHIL—B. nitrate. t., bismuth i nitras, bismutum nitricum. Fr,, azotate deb. Ger., sal peters aures Wismutoxyd. It., nitrato di bismuto. Sp., nitrato de bismuto. A compound of b. and nitric acid. [B.] See B. trinitrate and B. sub nitrate—B. ochre. An ore of b. consisting almost entirely of b. trioxide a ociated with iron. [B, 2.]—B. oleo palmitate. A name applied to an unctuous compound of b. with oleic and palm it-. ic acids, noypared by. Cou a solution of almond-oil or castile soap with a b. salt. [B, 81.]—I3. oxide. Fr., oxyde de b. It., o ido di bismuto. Sp., Oxido de bismuto. A compound of b. and oxygen, See B. dioxide, B. trioxide, B. tetroxide, and B. pentoxide. The oxide of b. of the Br. Ph. is the trioxide. [B.J—B. exybromide. Fr., oxybromure deb. Ger., Wismutoxybromiir. | It., o ibromuro di bismuto. Sp., oxibromuro de bisniuto. Basic b. bromide, BiOBr; a white substance pe ipitated from an aqueous solution of tri bromide of b. by the addition of an exce of water. [B, 3.|—B. oxy chloride. Fr., oxychlorure de b., blanc de fard. Ger., Wismutoxychlorür. It., o icloruro di bismuto. Sp., oxicloruro de bismuto. Basic b. chloride, BIOCI; a white powder, insoluble in water, prepared by decomposing b. trichloride with water or by treating a solution of sodium chloride with b. nitrate. It constitutes à pigment called pearl-white. [B, 2, 3.|—B. oxyiodide. Fr., oryiodure de b. Ger., Wismutoxyjodür. It., o i-toduro di bismuto. Sp., oxi-ioduro de bismuto. Basic b. iodide, b. sub iodide, BiOI; a crystalline substance of a copper-red color precipitated from an aqueous solution of b. tri iodide by boiling. It is used as a local Ge pice ion in chronic ulceration, and also employed internally. [B,; “Am. Jour. of Pharm.,” Dec., 1886, pp. 590, CoA oxysulphide. Fr., oxysuifure de b.- Ger., Wismutoxysulfür. It., 08s solfuro di bismuto. Sp., oxisulfuro de bismuto. A compound of with oxygen and sulphur. Several oxysulphides of b. are known, one of which, having the formula Bi,O;S, occurs as a mineral. [B, 3.]—B. pentoxide. Fr., pentoxyde deb. Ger., Wistmutpent vd. It. agaecesida di bismuto. Sp., pentôxido de bismuto. Bismuthic oxide (or anhydride); an unstable substance forming a brown powder of the composition BigO,. [B, 8.]—B. peroxide. See B. pentoxide.—B. phosphate. “ Lat., bismuth i phosphas. Fr., phosphate deb. Ger., phosphors aures Wismutoryd. It. fosfato di bismuto. Sp.. fosfato de bismuto. A compound of b. and phosphoric acid; a white pulverulent substance of the composition BiPO,. The medicinal properties are the same as those of the sub nitrate, for which, being a more stable salt, it has been proposed asa substitute, Ute: den at, ‘ Giorn. Farm. Napol.”; ‘* Nouv. remédes”; “* N. Y, Med. Jour.,” Nov., 1885, p. 620; B, 3, 81.) See also B. Fl/mph‘” phate.— B. protoxide. 'B. iriozide.—B. purifié (er. Cod4, Lat, bismuthum. B. purified for pharmaceutical purposes. [B, 113.J— B. pyro arsenate. See B. arsenate—B. pyrophosphate. » pyrophosphate de b. Ger., pyro phosphors aures Wismutoxyd. It.. pirofosfato di bismuto. Sp., pirofosfato de bismuto. A compound of b. and pyrophosphoric acid; a substance of the composition Bi,(P,O7)s. _ [B, 3.]—B. salicylate. Lat., bismuth salicylas, bismuthum salicylicum. Fr., salicylate deb. Ger., salicylsaures Wismutoxyd. It., salicilato di bismuto. Sp., salicilato de bismuto. A compound of b. and salicylic acid, prepared by Gecompostng. @ solution of b. nitrate in glycerin with sodium salicylate. Itis a granular, pulverulent, neutral substance of a pinkish hue, which has been used in various gastro-intestinal affections, (B, 81; Desplats, ‘Gaz. hebd. de méd, et de chir.,” June 1, 1883, p. 377; J. Ehring, “ Arch. f. Kinder he ilk.,” ix, 2, 1887, p. 90.]—13. selenide. Fr., séléniure de b.[ See B. tri selenide—B. silicate. Fr., silicate deb. Ger.,kieselsaures Wismutoxyd. It., silica to dibismuto. Sp., silicuto de bismuto. A compound of b. and silicic acid; a crystalline substance, Bi,(Si0,4)s, occurring native as a mineral. [B, 3.]—B. sub bromide. See J. oxy bromide.—B. subearbonate. Lat., bismuth i sub carbon as [U. S. Ph.}, bismuth i carbon as [Br. Ph., 1867], carbon as bismuthic us [Netherl. Ph.], bismutum carbon i cum [Swi Ph.]. Fr., sous-carbonate de b, Ger., basisches kohl ens aures Wismutoxyd, Wis mut sub ear bon at, It., sot to-carbon a to di bismuto. Sp., sub carbon a to de bismuto. A basic carbonate of b., BigO.CO, + H20, prepared by O, no; 07, not; O3, whole; Th, thin; Th?, the; U, like 00 in too; U2, blue; U%, lull; U*, full; US, urn; US, like ü (German). 85 rec i pit at ing a solution of b. trinitrate with carbonate of ammonium. v is a white or yellowish-white powder, devoid of taste and insoluble in water and in alcohol. [B.J)—B. subchloride. Lat., bismuth i subchloridum. 1. See B. oxy chloride. 2, A name given to the chloride, Bi,Clg, formed by the action of chlorine upon b. trichloride and in other ways; said to have an action similar to that of b. sub nitrate. B, 3, 199.]—B. sub nitrate. Lat., bismuth i subnitras [U. S. Ph., BR Ph.], subnitras bismuth i [Belg. Ph.], bismuthum subnitricum Inœcipitatum [Ru . Ph.], bismuthum subnitricum [Austr. Ph., Tung. Ph., Greek Ph.], bismutum subnitricum [Ger. Ph., Norweg. Ph., Swi Ph,], pitras bismuthic us basic us [Netherl. Ph.], subnitras bismuthic us (Dan. Ph., Fr. Cod., Finn. Ph., Netherl. Ph., Swed. Ph.], bismuthum album. Fr., sous-azotate de 6, [Fr. Cod.]. It., sot to nit rato di bismuto. Sp., subnitrato bismütico [Sp. Ph.] (6 de bismuto). Basic b. nitrate, Bi(OH);.NO;, or BiO.NO + H,0; a substance precipitated from a solution of b. in nitric acid by ‘dilution with water. It isa heavy white micro-crystalline powder, having no odor and a very slight acid taste and reaction, insoluble in water and in alcohol, but soluble in mineral acids. It is employed topically as a protective and soothing application to inflamed and excoriated surfaces, as in burns, ulcers, fi ures, etc., also to check morbid discharges, as in leucorrhcea and fœtid sweating, coryza, and ozæna. Internally it is employed as an anodyne and astringent in gastralgia, ulcer and cancer of the stomach, diarrhoea of all kinds, and dysentery, in which disease it is also employed in the form of rectal injections. [B, 81, 95.]—B. suboxide. Fr., suboxide (ou sous-oxyde) de b. Ger., Wismutsuboxyd. It., sot to-o ido di bismuto. Sp., subôxido de bismuto. See B. dioxide.—B. sub pro to carb enate. See B. sub carbonate.—B. sub pro to nitrate. B. sub nitrate. [4]/3" 97.]—B. sulphate. Fr., sulfate de b. Ger., schwefelsaures Wismutoxyd. It., solfato di bismuto. Sp., sulfa to de bismuto. A compound of b. and sulphurie acid, ‘[B.] See B. tri sulphate and Basic b. sulphate.—T. sulphide. Fr., sulfure de b, Ger., Schwefelwismut. It., solfuro di bismuto. Sp., sulfuro de bismuto, A compound of b. and sulphur. [B.] See B. disulphide, B. trisulphide, and B. oxysulphide. D B. sulphocacodylate. See B. thio cacodyl ate--B. sulphuret. See B. sulphide.—B. tannate. Lat., bismuth i tannas, bismutum tannicum. Fr., tannate de b. Ger., gerbsaures Wismutoxyd. It., tanna to di bismuto. Sp., tanna to de bismuto. A light yellow pulverulent substance, insoluble in water and in alcohol; repared by decomposing b. nitrate with sodium hydrate and treat- Jag the b. hydrate so formed with tannic acid. _ [Bı 81.]--B. tel in- See B. tri telluride. terchloride. See B. trichloride. —B. tern it rate. See B. trinitrate.—B. teroxide. See B. trioxide.—B. tersulphide. See B. trisulphide—B. tetroxide. Fr., tétm_tgdc deb, Ger., Wismuttetroxyd. Bismuthous bismuth ate; a substance having the composition Bi,O,,(BigO3 +! BigO5 = 2Bi20,), which may be rded as a compound of b. trioxide and b. pentoxide (bismuthie acid). [B, 3.]—BB. thio cacodyl ate. A substance forming delicate golden-yellow scales of the constitution (AS(CHTs)4),8eB1, insoluble in water and nearly insoluble in alcohol and in ether, _ [B, 2.1—B. thio chloride. See B. chlorsulphide.—B. tri bromide. Fr., tribromure deb. Ger., Wis mut bromid, Wismuttribromür. It., tribromuro di bismuto. Sp., tribromuro de bismuto. A golden-colored deliquescent erystalline substance, BiBrs, decomposed by solution in water. "It combines with bromides of other elements and with ammonium to form double salts. (B, 3.]—B. trichloride. Fr., trichlorure de Ger., Wis mut chlorid, Wis mutt richt orür. It., tricloruro di bismuto, Sp., tricloruro de bismuto. A white granular substance, BiCl,, obtainable by ‘sublimation in the crystalline form. It di olves in a small quantity of water, but the addition of an exce of water decomposes it with the formation of oxy chloride of b. Trichloride of b. combines with Ee Ros a acid, ammonium, and the chlorides to form double salts. By the action of chlorine it is converted into b. subchloride (2d def.). [B, 3.]—B’triethyl. Ger., Wismuttriäthyl, Tridthylbismuthin. Syn.: triethylbismuthine. A body having the composition Bi.(C,H,)s; à liquid of a very disagreeable odor and taking fire spontaneously on exposure to the air, [B, 4.]—B. tri fluoride. Fr., trifluorure de b. It., trifluoruro di bismuto. A white powder of the composition BiFs.” [B, 3.|—B. tri hydroxide. Fr., trihydroxyde de b. Ger,, Wismutoxydhydrat. It., tri-i dro i do di bismuto. Sp., tri-hidréxido de bismuto. A ride. white amorphous substance of the composition Bi(OH),. [B, 3.]— B. tri iodide. Fr., triiodure de b. Ger., Wismutjodid. It., triioduro di bismuto. Sp., tri-ioduro de bismuto. A substance, Bi forming dark-gray or black tabular crystals of a metallic lustre. It combines with hydriodic acid and other substances to form compound salts. [B, 3.]—B. trinitrate. Lat., bismuth i nitras. Fr., ri-mitrate de b. azotate de b. neutre. Ger., sal peters aures Wismutoxyd. It., trin it rato di bismuto. Sp., trin it rato de bismuto. Normal b. nitrate, Bi(NO3), + 3H,O; a substance forming transparent prismatic crystals, obtained by di olving b, in nitric acid and evaporatiug. If water is added to its solution in nitric acid it is converted into the insoluble sub nitrate and. Fecrated: [B, 3.] —B. trioxide. Lat., bismuth i oxidum [Br. P) i) bismuthum oxydatum. Fr., trioxyde de b. Ger., Wismutoxyd, Wismuttrioxyd. It., trio ido di bismuto. Sp., tridxido de bismuto. Often called simply oxide of b., BigOs; a substance found native as bismuth ochre and obtainable art i tic i ally either in the form of a dull lemonfst powder or that of fine crystals. It is insoluble in water. B. 3.]—B. tri selenide. Fr., triséléniure de b. [B, 8.]—B. tri telluride. A compound, Bi,Te,, of b. and tellurium, occurring native as the mineral tetradymite. [B, 3.]—B. valerian ate. Lat., bismutum valerian i cum (Ger. Ph., Ist ed., Swi Ph.], bismuthum vaterianicum [Ru . Ph.}, bismuth i valerian as. Ger., baldriansaures Wismut. It., valerian a to di bismuto. Sp., valerian a to de bismuto. I so valerate of b.; a whitish powder, Bi(C,H,02)3. It has been recommended for neuralgic affections in doses of from half a grain totwo grains. [B, 5.}—Bisulfure de b. (Fr.)._ B. disulphide. [B.|—Blane de b. ( B. sub nitrate. [B, 93.|-Bromure de b. (Fr.). ]—Carbonate basique de b. (Fr.). Basi (B.j-—Chiorure de b. (Fr.), B. chloride, [B.]—Créme de b. [Quesvenille]. Recently precipitated b. sub nitrate washed, but not dried, and containing about 30 per cent. of the dry salt; used as a remedy in dysentery. [B, 92, 98.]-Dibromure de b. (Fr.). B, dibromide. | _Di chlorure de b. (Fr.). B. dichloride. [B.]—Dioxyde de b. (Fr.). B. dioxide. [B.]|—Flowers of b. Lat., flores bismuth i. The product obtained by subliming b. with water. ° [B, 70.]—Fluorure de b. (Fr.). B. fiuoride, [B.]—Iodure de b. (Fr.). iodide. [B.]—Magistery of b. Lat., magisterium bismuth i. Fr., magistére de b. It., magistero di bismuto. B. sub nitrate. [B.] —Neutral b. nitrate. See B. trinitrate—Nitrate basique de b. (Fr.), B.sub nitrate. [B, 93.]—Nitrate de b. (Fr.), B. nitrate. B.|-Normal b. citrate. See B. citrate —Normal b. nitrate. se B. trinitrate—Oxyde blanc de b. (Fr.). See B. sub nitrate — Oxyde de b. (Fr.), B. oxide. ee de b. (Fr.). B. phosphate—Purified b. (Br. Ph.]. Lat., bismuthum purificatum [Br. Ph.]. Fr., b, purijié [Fr. Cod.]. Ger., gereinigtes Wismut. 1t., bismuto purificato. B. purified for pharmaceutical purposes, especially b. freed from arsenic. [B. alicylate de b. (Fr.). See B. salicylate.—Séléniure de b. (F B. selenide. [B.]—Solution of b. and ammonium citrate. Liquor BISMUTH I et ammonii citratis.—Sous-azotate de b. [Fr. Cod.]. B. sub nitrate. ous-carbonate de b. ( B. sub carbonate. [B.]— Sous-chlorure de b. (Fr.). See B. subchloride —Sous-iodure de b. (Fr.). e B. oxyiodide—Sous-nitrate de b. (Fr.). B. sub nitrate, ‘ [B.]—Sulfate basique de b. (Fr.). Basic b. sulphate. LB.]—S\llfate de b. (Fr.). B. sulphate. [pe Suafure) de b. (Fr.). . sulphide. [B.]—Tapiettes de sous-nitrate de b. [Fr. Cod.]. See Trochischi pismuTul.—Tannate de b. (Fr.). See B. tannate. Telluric b. See B. tri telluride—Tribromure de b. (Fr.). B. tri bromide. [B.]—Trichlorure de b. (Fr.). B. trichloride. [B.] —Triiodure de b. (Fr.). B. tri iodide. [B.ËTrluxyde de b. (Fr.). B. trioxide. [B.]—Tri sulfate de b. (Fr,). B. tri sulphate. LB,]—Trisulfuro de b.(Fr.). B. trisulphide. (B.J—Troehes of . See Trochi sci BISMUTH I.—White b., White b. oxide. Lat., bismuthum album. Fr., oxyde blanc de b. It., bismuto bianco. See B. sub nitrate.;