Men of Science" (1874)

"Inquiries into Human Faculty, etc." (1883), "Record of Family Faculties, etc." (1883), "Natural Inheritance" (1889), etc., and has edited "Life History Album" for the British Medical A ociation (1883). Galuppi (gä-löp'pē), Bald a are. Born on the island of Burano, near Venice, Oct. 6, 1706: died at Venice, Jan. 3, 1784. An Italian composer, particularly noted for his comic operas. He wrote more than 54 of these. His sacred music is still performed in Venice, and he also wrote sonatas and for the harpsichord. Galvani (gäl-vä'nē), Luigi or Aloisio. Born at Bologna, Italy, Sept. 9, 1737: died there, Dec. 4, 1798. An Italian physician and physicist, profe or of anatomy at Bologna. His investigations of the contractions produced in the muscles of frogs by contact with metals were the commencement of the discovery of galvanic or voltaic electricity. He published "De viribus electric it at is in motu muscular i com men tar i us" (1791), etc. Galvarino (gäl-vä-rēnō). A chief of the Araucanian Indians of Chile whose bravery has been celebrated in Ercilla's "Araucana." He was captured at the battle of Lagunillas, Nov. 7, 1557, and freed after both his hands had been cut off. On Nov. 30 he was again captured while urging on the Indians at the battle of Millarapue, and was hanged. Galve, Count of. See Cerda Sandoval Silva y Mendoza , Gaspar de la . Galveston (gal'ves-ton). A seaport and the capital of Galveston County, Texas, and the largest city of the State, situated on Galveston Island in lat. 29° 18' N., long. 94° 47′ W. It has a large trade, with lines of steamers to New York. Havana, etc., and is specially noted for its exports of cotton. It was settled in 1837; was taken by the Fed- erals Oct. 8, 1862, and retaken by the Confederates Jan. 1, 1863; and was devastated by fire in Nov., 1885. Popula- tion (1890), 29,084. Galveston Bay. An inlet of the Gulf of Mex- ico, extending northward from Galveston about 35 miles. Galveston Island. An island off the coast of Texas, on the northeastern end of which is Gal- vest on. Length, about 28 miles. Galvez (gäl'vath), José. Born at Velez Malaga, 1729: died at Madrid, 1787. A Spanish states- man. He was one of the ministers of Charles III., and a member of the Indian Council. From 1761 to 1774 he was in Mexico and the West Indies as visit a dor-general, with high powers: for some time he was acting viceroy. After his return to Spain he was ministro universal de Indies, and was created marquis of Sonora. His influence on the American colonies was important. Galvez, Mariano. Born in Guatemala about 1795: died after 1855. A Central-American politician, a leader of the Liberal or Fiebres party. He was one of the authors of the constitution of 1824, and was president of the first Central-American congre in 1825; was president of Guatemala, Aug. 28, 1831, and was again elected in 1835, but was overthrown by Carrera in Feb., 1838, and banished in 1839. Subsequently he practised law in Mexico and Peru. Galvez, Matías de. Born at Velez Malaga, 1731: died in Mexico City, Nov. 3, 1784. A Spanish soldier and politician. He attained the rank of lieutenant-general, and in 1779 was made captain- general of Guatemala. in 1780 and 1781 he recovered from the English some posts which they had seized in Hondu- ras and Nicaragua. From April, 1783, until his death he was viceroy of Mexico. Galvezy Gallardo (gäl'vathē gäl-yär'dō), Ber- nardo. Born at Macharavieja, July 23, 1746: died at Tacubava, near Mexico, Nov. 30, 1786. A Spanish soldier and administrator, son of Matías de Galvez. He distinguished himself in Amer- ica, attaining the rank of lieutenant-general; was governor of Louisiana 1779, and commander-in-chief in the West Indies; took Baton Rouge (1779), Mobile (March 14, 1780), and Pensacola (May 8, 1781); was made captain-general of Gama, José Basilio da. Born at São José, July 31, 1795. A Brazilian poet. He became a novice of the Jesuits, leaving the order when it was driven from Brazil. He lived alternately in Italy, Portugal, and Rio de Janeiro, finally settling at Lisbon. His best-known poem is "Uruguay," a romance in verse, published in 1769. Gama, Vasco da. Born at Sines, Alemtejo, Portugal, about 1469: died in Cochin, India, Dec. 24, 1524. A celebrated Portuguese navigator. Having been appointed to the command of an expedition fitted out by Emanuel of Portugal with a view to discovering an ocean route to the East Indies, he sailed from Lisbon, probably July 8, 1497, doubled the Cape of Good Hope Nov. 20 or 22, 1497, arrived at Calicut, on the Malabar coast of India, May 20, 1498, and returned to Lisbon in Sept., 1499. He commanded a second expedition to India in 1502-03, during which he established a factory in Mozambique. He was made viceroy of India in 1524. His voyage is celebrated in the "Lusiad" of Camoens. Gamala (gam'a-lä). A city in Galilee, opposite Tiberias, on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It stood on a hill which was compared to the back of a camel, from which po ibly its name is derived (Heb. gamal , camel). It was fortified, and formed one of the centers of insurrection during the war of Judea with Rome. It is identified with the modern Qal'at elHoçn. Gamaliel (ga-ma'li-el). [Heb., 'my rewarder is God.'] There are several Gamaliels mentioned in the Talmud as descendants of Hillel, who held the dignity of president of the Sanhedrim and of patriarch ( nas i ) of the Jewish community in Palestine after the fall of Jerusalem. See Hillel . Gamaliel "the elder" was the grandson of Hillel. The laws emanating from him breathe a mild and liberal spirit. He di uaded the Jews from taking strict measures against the apostles (Acts v. 34), and is described as "a doctor of the law, had in honor of all the people." He was a teacher of the apostle Paul. Another Gamaliel, grandson of the preceding, president of the Sanhedrim 80-118 A. D., was the first to a ume the title of patriarch. He maintained his authority with great energy and even severity, was a good mathematician, and was favorable to the study of Greek. Gamaliel Pickle. See Peregrine Pickle . Gamarra (gä-märrä), Agustin. Born at Cuzco, Aug. 27, 1785: killed at the battle of Yngavi, in northern Bolivia, Nov. 20, 1841. A Peruvian general. He served first against the patriots, joined them in 1821, and was prominent during the remainder of the war for independence. In 1828 he invaded Bolivia by order of Lamar, forced the treaty of Piquiza, and was made grand marshal. In June, 1829, he aided in the deposition of Lamar, and was made provisional president, holding the office until Dec. 20, 1833. In the complicated turmoils of 1834-35 Gamarra took a prominent part, and was finally driven from the country. In 1837 he joined the Chileans against the Peruvian-Bolivian confederation, invaded Peru, defeated Santa Cruz, Jan., 1889, and in Aug. of that year was elected constitutional president of Peru. In 1841 he declared war on Bolivia, was defeated, and killed. Gamba (gäm'bä), Bartolommeo. Born at Ba ano, Italy, May 16, 1776: died at Venice, May 3, 1841. An Italian bibliographer and biographer. His chief work is "Serie dell' edizioni dei test i di lingua italian a" (1812-28). Gambetta (gam-bet'tä; F. pron. gon-be-tä'), Léon. Born at Cahors, France, April 3, 1838: died near Sèvres, France, Dec. 31, 1882. A noted French statesman, of Jewish extraction. He was admitted to the Paris bar in 1859. and in 1869 was elected to the corps législatif, where he acted with the Irreconcilables. On the surrender of Napoleon III. at Sedan, he joined in the proclamation of the republic, Sept. 4, 1870; and on Sept. 5 became minister of the interior in the Government of National Defense. Having been appointed member of a delegation, consisting of Crémieux, Glais-Bizoin, and Four ich on, previously commi ioned by the central government at Paris to organize the national defense outside the capital, he escaped from Paris in a balloon, Oct. 8 (the city being completely invested by the Germans), and joined his colleagues at Tours on the fol lowing day. A uming a virtual dictatorship, he negoti Gambetta ated a loan of 250,000,000 francs with English capitalists, and organized the two armies of the Loire under Generals Aurelle de Paladines and Chanzy, and the army of the north, commanded in turn by Generals Bourbaki and Faidherbe. He was, however, unable to prevent the capitulation of Paris, Jan. 28, 1871, and, Feb. 6, 1871, withdrew from office in consequence of a disagreement with the central government. He then became a member of the National A embly, and in 1876 of the new Chamber of Deputies, of which he was president 1879-81. He was premier Nov., 1881, Jan., 1882. Gambia (gam'bi-ä), formerly Gambra (gam'bra), or Ba-Dimma. A river of Sene gambia, West Africa, flowing into the Atlantic about lat. 13° 30′ N. It is navigable to Barra cond a. Gambia. A British colony situated near the mouth of the river Gambia, including St. Mary's Island, McCarthy's Island, etc. Capital, Bathurst. It is governed by an administrator. Area of settlement proper, 69 square miles. Population (1891), 14,266. Area of extended colony, 2,700 square miles. Population, 50,000. Gambier (gam-bēr'). A village in Knox County, Ohio, 43 miles northeast of Columbus. It is the seat of Kenyon College (which see) and of a theological seminary. Gambier (gam'ber), James, Baron Gambier. Born at New Providence, Bahamas, Oct. 12, 1756: died near Uxbridge, England, April 19, 1833. An English admiral. His father was lieutenant-governor of the Bahamas. He became rear-admiral and vice-admiral in 1799, and admiral in 1805. In 1807 he commanded the fleet which bombarded Copenhagen, and was raised to the peerage as a reward. He commanded the Channel fleet 1808-11. In 1814 he served on the commi ion for negotiating a treaty of peace with the United States. Gambier (gam'bēr) Islands. [Named, Feb. 24, 1802, by the English captain Matthew Flinders for Admiral Lord Gambier.] A group of small islands in the South Pacific, situated about lat. 23° S., long. 135° W. It is under a French protectorate. Gambos (gäm'bös). The Portuguese name of Ngambue (which see). Gambrinus (gam-brīnus). [Said to be derived from Jan primus , or Jan I., duke of Brabant in the 13th century.] A mythical Flemish king, the reputed inventor of beer. Game at Che , A. A comedy or satirical drama by Thomas Middle ton, produced before or by 1624. The actors at the Globe had produced Middle ton's "Game at Che ," in which the action is carried on by black and white pieces, representing the Reformed and Romanist parties. The latter, being the rogues of the piece, are foiled, and are "put in the bag." The Spanish envoy's complaint was founded on the fact that living persons were represented by the actors, such persons being the King of Spain, Gondomar, and the famous Antonio de Dominis, who, after being a Romish bishop (of Spalatro), profe ed Protestant ism, became Dean of Windsor, and after all died in his earlier faith, at Rome. On the amba ador's complaint, the actors and the author were sum before the council, immediate result fol lowed: for, two days later, Nether cole writes to Car let on informing him that "the comedy in which the whole Spanish busine is taken up, is drawing £100 nightly."