Expedition of the U

S. S. Polar is" (1876). Davis, David. Born in Cecil County, Md., March 9, 1815: died at Blooming ton, Ill., June 26, 1886. An American statesman and jurist. was a ociate justice of the United States Supreme Court 1862-77, United States senator from Illinois 1877 1883, and acting Vice-President 1881-83. Davis, Edwin Hamilton, Born in Ro County, Ohio, Jan. 22, 1811: died at New York, May 15, 1888. An American physician and arc he Davis, or Davys, John. Born at Sand ridge, Devons hire, England, about 1550: killed in the Strait of Malacca, Dec. 29, 1605. An English navigator. He commanded expeditions in search of the northwest pa age in 1585, 1586, and 1587, on the first of which he discovered Davis Strait. He discovered the Falkland Islands in 1592. He took service in 1604 as pilot in the Tiger, Captain Sir Edward Michel borne, destined for a voyage to the East Indies, on which he was killed by Japanese pirates. Davis, John. Born at Plymouth, Ma ., Jan. 25, 1761: died at Boston, Jan. 14, 1847. An American jurist. He was appointed comptroller of the United States treasury in 1795, and in 1801 became judge of the United States District Court in Ma achu setts. He was the youngest member in the convention of 1789 which adopted the Federal constitution, and survived all the other members. Davis, John Chandler Bancroft. Born at Worcester, Ma ., Dec. 29, 1822. An American jurist and diplomatist. He was agent of the United States at the Geneva tribunal 1871-72, and minister to Germany 1874-77. Davis, Sir John Francis. Born at London, 1795: died near Bristol, Nov. 13, 1890. An English diplomatist, and writer on China, author of "The Chinese" (1836), etc. Davis, Richard Harding. Born at Philadelphia, April 18, 1864. An American journalist and author. He has written "Gallegher, and Other Stories" (1891), "Van Bibber and Others" (1892), "The West from a Car Window" (1892), "Exiles, and Other Stories" (1894), "Our English Cousins" (1894), "Rulers of the Mediterranean" (1894), "Prince Aline" (1895), "Cinder ell a, and Other Stories" (1896), "Three Gringos in Venezuela and Central America" (1896), "Soldiers of Fortune" (1897), etc. Davis, Thomas Osborne. Born at Mallow, Oct. 14, 1814: died at Dublin, Sept. 16, 1845. An Irish poet and politician. He graduated at Trinity College in 1836; was admitted to the bar in 1838; became joint editor with John Dillon of the "Dublin Morning Register" in, 1841; and founded, with Duffy and Dillon, the "Nation" in 1842. He joined in 1839 the Repeal A ociation, within which organization he founded the party of Young Ireland in opposition to O'Connell's leadership. His poems, collected after his death, form a volume of Duffy's "Library of Ireland" for 1846. Davis on (da'vi-son), William. Died about 1608. A British diplomatist. As a secretary of state he procured Elizabeth's signature to the death-warrant of Mary Queen of Scots in 1587. Davis Strait (dā'vis strāt). An arm of the Atlantic, separating Green land from Cumber land Peninsula, and connecting Baffin Bay with the Atlantic. Width in the narrowest part, about 200 miles. Named for its discoverer, John Davis. D'Avolos (dav'o-los). In Ford's “Love's Sacrifice," the duke's secretary (modeled on Shakpander to the bad spere's Iago), a spy and " pa ions of others." Davos (da'vos). An Alpine valley in the can ton of Grisons, Switzerland, 15 miles southeast of Coire. Its chief place is Davos-Platz, a noted health-resort having an elevation of 5,000 feet. Davout (di-vö') (often erroneously written Davout Davoust), Louis Nicolas, Duc d'Auerstädt and Prince d'Eckmühl. Born at Annoux, Yonne, France, May 10, 1770: died at Paris, June 1, 1823. A noted French marshal. He was a lieutenant in a cavalry regiment in 1788; served as chief of battalion under Dumouriez 1792-93; was brigadier-general in the army of the Moselle; fought under Pichegru and Moreau in the army of the Rhine; went to Egypt and fought with distinction, especially at Abukir; was made general of division in 1804; and fought at Austerlitz (1805), Auerstädt (1806), Eckmühl, Wagram (1809), and in the Ru ian campaign (1812). He was minister of war during the "Hundred Days" in 1815. He became duke of Auerstädt in 1808, and prince of Eckmühl in 1809. Davus (dā'vus). A conventional name for a slave in Latin comedies. grammar-school, Davy (dā'vi), Sir Humphry. Born at Penzance, Cornwall, England, Dec. 17, 1778: died at Geneva, May 29, 1829. A celebrated English chemist. He was the son of a wood-carver at Penzance, studied at the Penzance grammar school, and finis 1795 his was apprenticed to John Bingham Borlase, a prominent surgeon at Penzance. He was appointed an a istant in the laboratory of Beddoes's Pneumatic Institution at Bristol in 1798; became a istant lecturer in chemistry at the Royal Institution, London, in 1801; was promoted profe or in 1802; was made director of the laboratory in 1805; discovered the decomposition of the fixed alkalis in 1807; was knighted in 1812; resigned his profe orship at the Royal Institution in 1813; invented the safety-lamp in 1815; was created a baronet in 1818; and was elected president of the Royal Society His chief works are sacred rhetoric in Western Reserve College in 1840, and president of the Ohio Female College in 1854, and removed to New Haven in 1864. He was a nephew of Jeremiah Day. His works include "Logic" (1867), "Ethics" (1876), "Ontology" (1878), etc. Day, Jeremiah. Born at New Preston, Conn., Aug. 3, 1773: died at New Haven, Conn., Aug. 22, 1867. An American mathematician, president of Yale College 1817-46. He published an "Algebra” (1814), “Navigation and Surveying" (1817), etc. Day, John. Lived about 1600. An English dramatist and poet. He was educated at Cambridge, and from 1598 collaborated with Haught on, Chettle, Dekker, and others in numerous plays, all of which remained unprinted except "The Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green." His chief work is "The Parliament of Bees" (1607). Deane, Charles surface is 1,292 feet below the level of the Mediterranean Length, 46 mnes. Width, 6 to 9 miles. Depth varies from 1,300 feet to 3 or 4 feet in the shallowest section. Dead Souls. A novel by Gogol, which appeared in 1841. He began to write it in 1837, and left it unfinished, destroying the concluding portions in a fit of religious mania. A certain Dr. Zahartchenko, of Kieff, published in 1857 a continuation of it. An English translation, entitled "Tchitchikoff's Journeys, or Dead Souls," by Isabel F. Hapgood, was published in New York in 1886. The At the time of serfdom a Ru ian proprietor's fortune was not valued according to the extent of his lands, but according to the number of male serfs which were held upon them. These serfs were called "souls." proprietor paid the capitation tax for all the souls on his domain; but as the census was rarely taken it happened that he had long to pay for dead serfs, until a new official revision struck them out from among the number of the living. It is easy to see what these dead souls must have cost a proprietor whose lands had been visited by famine, and his interest in getting rid of them will be expli- cable. What seems more surprising is that there were Day, Mr. In Sir R. Howard's play “The Com- mittee," the chairman of the committee, a kind of Tartufe, under the thumb of his wife. Day, or Daye, Stephen. Born at London about people ready to purchase them 1610: died at Cambridge, Ma ., Dec. 22, 1668. A pioneer of printing in New England. He was one of three pre men engaged in 1638 by the Rev. Joseph Glover to operate a printing pre which he was about to introduce into the colony of Ma achusetts. Glover died on the voyage. The pre was set up in the house of Rev. Henry Dunster, first president of Harvard College. The first book printed in the British-American colonies was i ued from it in 1640: "The whole Booke of Psalmes, faith fully translated into English metre." See Bay Psalm Book . Dupuy , Great Masters of Ru ian Literature (trans.), p. 84. Tchitchikoff, the hero of the book, an ambitious and evil minded rascal, made this proposition to himself: "I will visit the most remote corners of Ru ia, and ask the good people to deduct from the number on their lists every serf who has died since the last census was taken. They will be only too glad, as it will be to their interest to yield up to me a fictitious property, and get rid of paying the tax upon it. I shall have my purchase registered in due form, and no tribunal will imagine that I require it to legalize a sale of dead men. When I have obtained the names of some thou ments of Agricultural Chemistry" (1813). Davy Jones. See Jones , Davy . Daw (da), Sir David. A foolish baronet in Cumber land's "Wheel of Fortune." Daw, Sir John. In Ben Jonson's comedy "Epicœne, or The Silent Woman," a cowardly, foolish coxcomb. Dawes (dâz), Henry Laurens. Born at Cummington, Ma ., Oct. 30, 1816: died at Pittsfield, Ma ., Feb. 5, 1903. An American politician, member of Congre from Ma achusetts 18571873, and Republican U. S. senator 1875-93. Dawes, William Rutter. Born at London, March 19, 1799: died at Hadden ham, Bucks, Feb. 15, 1868. An English astronomer. He was educated at the Charter House school 1811-13; settled as a surgeon at Liverpool in 1826; was for a time pastor of an independent congregation at Ormskirk, Lancashire; had charge (1839-44) of the observatory at South Villa, Regent's Park, London, belonging to George Bishop; fitted up an observatory at Camden Lodge, near Cran brook, Kent, in 1845; and discovered fifteen new double stars 1840-59. Dawison (da'vē-son), Bogumil. Born at Warsaw, May 15, 1818: died near Dresden, Feb. 1, 1872. A Polish actor, of Hebrew descent. He first appeared in America in 1866. He at one time played Othello to Edwin Booth's Iago. He played both tragic and comic parts. Dawkins (da'kinz), John. A young pickpocket in the employ of Fagin, in Charles Dickens's "Oliver Twist": called "the Artful Dodger" from his expertne . Dawkins, William Boyd. Born at Butting ton, Welsh pool, Montgomery shire, Wales, Dec. 26, 1838. An English geologist and paleontologist, author of “Cave-Hunting" (1874), “Early Man in Britain" (1880), etc. Dawlish (da'lish). A watering-place in Devons hire, England, situated on the English Channel 10 miles south of Exeter. Pop. (1891), 4,210. Dawson (dâ'son). A mining city of Yukon, Canada, situated on the Yukon River, near the Klondike gold-fields. Population (1901), 9,142. Dawson (da's on), Bully. A notorious London sharper, a contemporary of Etherege, living in the 17th century. Dawson, Captain James. A young volunteer officer, of good family, in the service of the Young Pretender. He was hanged, drawn, and quartered, and his heart burned, July 30, 1746, for treason. His betrothed wife was present, and, when all was over, died in the arms of a friend. Shenstone made this the subject of a ballad, "Jemmy Dawson." Dawson, Sir John William, Born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, Oct., 1820: died at Montreal, Nov. 19, 1899. A Canadian geologist and naturalist. He was principal of McGill College and University 1855-93. His works include "Acadian Geology" (1855), etc. Dax (däks). A town in the department of Landes, France, situated on the Adour in lat. 43° 44′ N., long. 1° 3′ W.: the Roman Aquæ Tarbellicæ, or Aque. It is a noted watering-place and winter resort, and is celebrated for its hot baths. It was the ancient capital of the Tarbelli; was conquered by the Goths, Franks, Vascons, Charlemagne, the Normans, and the Saracens, and in the later middle ages was held by the English. Population (1891), commune, 10,240. Day (da), Henry Noble. Born at Washington, Conn., Aug. 4, 1808: died at New Haven, Conn., Jan. 12, 1890. An American educator and philosophical writer. He became profe or of died Sept. 28, 1789. An English author. He was educated at Oxford and the Middle Temple, and in 1775 was admitted to the bar. Having inherited a competent fortune, he did not seek practice, but devoted himself to literature and to the study of philosophy. He married Mi Esther Milnes in 1778, and in 1781 settled on a farm at Anningsley, Surrey, where he wrote his chief work, "History of Sand ford and Merton" (1783-89). Dayr-el-Bahari. See Der - el - Bahri . Dayton (da'ton). 1. A city and the county seat of Montgomery County, Ohio, situated on the Great Miami River 48 miles northeast of Cincinnati. It has manufactures of railway cars, paper, stoves, etc. Population (1900), 85,333.-2. A city in Rhea County, East Ten Population (1900), 2,004. ne ee. Dayton, Elias. Born at Elizabeth town, N. J., July, 1737: died at Elizabeth town, July 17, 1807. An American revolutionary officer. He served throughout the War of the Revolution, and participated in the battles of Springfield, Mon mouth, Brandy wine, and York town. After the war he was made major general of militia in New Jersey, and was a member of the Continental Congre 1787-88. Dayton, Jonathan. Born at Elizabeth town, N. J., Oct. 16, 1760: died at Elizabeth town, Oct. 9, 1824. An American politician, son of Elias Dayton. He was speaker of the national House of Representatives 1795-99, and United States senator from New Jersey 1799-1805. Dayton, William Lewis. Born at Basking ridge, N. J., Feb. 17, 1807: died at Paris, France, Dec. 1, 1864. An American jurist and statesman, nephew of Jonathan Dayton. He was a ociate judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey 1838-42, United States senator from New Jersey 1842-51, Republican candidate for Vice-President 1856, and minister to France 1861-64. Daza (dä'zä). A tribe of the Sahara. Daza (dä'tha), Hilar i on. Born at Sucre about 1838. A Bolivian general and politician. His father's name, which he dropped, was Gro oli. From 1858 he took part in various revolutionary disturbances until May, 1876, when he was proclaimed president of Bolivia. Owing to the seizure of Atacama he declared war on Chile, March 1, 1879, and in April joined the Peruvian forces at Tacna; but his incompetence and cowardice led to a mutiny of the troops (Dec. 27, 1879), and this was quickly followed by a revolution at La Paz, by which Campero was declared president. He was killed by a Bolivian mob March 1, 1894. Dazzle (daz'l). In Dion Boucicault's comedy "London A urance," a man who lives by his wits, and cleverly contrives to be an invited guest at Oak Hall, the home of Squire Harkaway. Deacon (dē'kn), Thomas. Born in 1697: died at Manchester, Feb. 10, 1753. An English physician and nonjuring bishop. He became a priest in 1716, settled at Manchester as a physician in 1719 or 1720, and about 1733 was consecrated a nonjuring bishop by Bishop Archibald Campbell. He published "The Doctrine of the Church of Rome concerning Purgatory proved to be contrary to Catholic Tradition" (1718), "A Full, True, and Comprehensive View of Christianity" (1747), etc. Dead Heart, The. A play by Watts Phillips, produced in 1859. It was revised by Walter Herries Pollock for Henry Irving in 1889. Dead Sea (ded se). [LL. Mare Mortuum , Ar. or Moscow, and raise a large sum on them. Then I shall be a rich man, and in condition to buy real peasants in flesh and blood." De Vogüé , Ru ian Novelists (trans.), p. 75. Deadwood (ded'wud). A city, and the county seat of Lawrence County, South Dakota, situated in the Black Hills in lat. 44° 21′ N., long. 103° 43′ W. It is an important trading center and mining town, gold and silver having been discovered in the vicinity in 1874. Population (1900), 3,498. Deæ Matres (dēē mā'trēz). [L., lit. 'godde es mothers."] See the extract. We now come to a cla of divinities which have a peсиliar interest in connection with the early history of our island, the deities of the auxiliary races who formed so important an element of its population. Among these we must place, first, a cla of deities commonly known by the title of the deæ matres . Altars and inscriptions to these deities are very numerous in Belgic Gaul and Germany, and more especially along the banks of the Rhine, where they are often called matronæ instead of matres, and they seem to have belonged to the Teutonic race. Not more than one altar to these deities has, I believe, been found in Italy, and we do not trace them in the cla ic writers. When the deæ matres are figured on the altars or other monuments, they are always represented as three females, seated, with baskets or bowls of fruit on their knees, which were probably emblematical of the plenty which they were believed to distribute to mankind. Wright, Celt, p. 281. Deák (dā'äk), Ferencz. Born at Söjtör, Zala, Hungary, Oct. 17, 1803: died at Budapest, Jan. 29, 1876. A Hungarian statesman. He entered the Reichstag in 1832; was minister of justice in 1848; and was the chief instrument in the construction of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy on the dualistic basis in 1867. Deal (del). A seaport and sea-bathing resort in Kent, England, situated on the Downs 8 miles northeast of Dover. It was formerly one of the Cinque Ports, and contains Deal Castle. Near here Julius Cæsar is supposed to have made his first landing in 55 B. C. Population (1891), 8,898. De Amicis (de ä-mēʻches), Edmondo. Born at Oneglia, Italy, Oct. 21, 1846. An Italian writer of travels. He entered the Italian army in 1865, and fought at the battle of Custozza in 1866. After the capture of Rome in 1870 by the troops of Victor Emmanuel, he retired from the army in order to devote himself to literature. His works include "Ricordi di Londra" (1874), "L'Olanda" (1874), "Marocco" (1875), "Constantinople (1877), "Pagine sparse" (1877), "Ricordi di Parigi," etc. De Amicitia (dē am-i-sishʼiä), or Lælius (lē'li us). [L., 'on friendship.'] Ätreatise by Cicero, in the form of a conversation between Lælius and his sons-in-law, C. Fannius and Q. Mucius Scævola, devoted to the praise of friendship. Dean (den), Amos. Born at Barnard, Vt., Jan. 16, 1803: died at Albany, N. Y., Jan. 26, 1868. An American jurist. He became chancellor and pro fe or of history in the University of Iowa in 1855. He has published "Medical Jurisprudence" (1854), "Bryant and Stratton's Commercial Law" (1861), etc. Dean, Forest of. A forest in Gloucestershire, England, situated between the lower Wye and the Severn, southwest of Gloucester. It is in part a crownland, and is noted for its production of coal and iron. Its chief trees are oaks and beeches. Dean, Julia. Born July 22, 1830: died at New Bahr- Lût , F. Mer Morte, G. Todtes - Meer .] A York, March 6, 1868. An American actre . She salt lake in Palestine, situated 16 miles southeast of Jerusalem in the ancient "Vale of Siddim": the Lacus Asphaltites of the ancients, and the Sea of the Plain or of the Arabah, Salt Sea, or East Sea of the Scriptures. Its waters are intensely salt, and of great specific gravity. Its principal tributary is the Jordan, but it has no outlet, and its first appeared at the Bowery Theater as Julia in "The Hunchback." She was the original Norma in Epes Sargent's "Prieste ," and also the original Leonor in Boker's tragedy "Leonor de Guzman." She married Dr. Hayne in 1855, from whom she was divorced. Deane (dēn), Charles. Born at Biddeford, Maine, Nov. 10, 1813: died at Cambridge, Ma ., Nov. 13, 1889. An American historical student. Deane, Charles After having been a merchant in Boston for many years, he retired from busine in 1864, and settled at Cambridge, Ma . He collected a valuable library of books relating to early New England history, and edited "Bradford's His tory of Plymouth Plantation" (1856), "Wing field's Discourse of Virginia" (1860), and other historical documents. Deane, Henry. Died at Lambeth, Feb. 15, 1503. Archbishop of Canterbury. He was chief of the English commi ioners who concluded the marriage treaty between Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. of England, and James IV. of Scotland, in 1502. Deane, Lucy. In George Eliot's novel "The Mill on the Flo ," a pretty, amiable girl, the cousin and rival of Maggie Tulliver. Deane, Richard. Born in 1610: died June 3, 1653. An English admiral, and one of the reg i of Jabin, prophesied for him succe , and sang a famous song of triumph after the victory (Judges v.). This song is considered by critics to be one of the most ancient pieces in the Old Testament. But the prieste of Artemis still continued to be called "a bee," reminding us that Deborah or "Bee" was the name of one of the greatest of the prophete es of ancient Israel; and the godde herself continued to be depicted under the same form as that which had belonged to her in Hittite days. Sayce, Hittites, p. 79. Deborah. A German drama by S. H. Mosenthal, the original of "Leah." De Bow (de bō), James Dunwoody Browns on. Born at Charleston, S. C., July 10, 1820: died at Elizabeth, N. J., Feb. 27, 1867. An American journalist and statistician. He es 1737: died at Deal, England, Aug. 23, 1789. An American statesman and diplomatist. He was a delegate from Connecticut to the Continental Congre 1774-76, and was sent to France as a secret financial and political agent in 1776. Having made unauthorized promises to induce French officers to join the American service, he was recalled by Congre in 1777. Dean of St. Patrick's (Dublin). Specifically, Jonathan Swift. See Swift . Deans (dēnz), Douce Davie. A cow-feeder in Scott's novel "The Heart of Mid loth i an." He is the father of Jeanie and Effie, and is distracted between his religious principles as an ardent Cameron i an and his desire to save his daughter Effie's life. Deans, Effie or Euphemia. In Scott's "Heart the of Mid loth i an," a beautiful and erring girl, murder of her illegitimate child, which had disappeared, She will make no confe ion, and is sentenced to be hanged. Through the efforts of her sister she is pardoned and banished for fourteen years. She flees from her angry father, and her lover, Staunton, marries her. She is educated and becomes a court beauty, and finally, after ten years of social succe , retires from the world on account of the death of her husband. Deans, Jeanie. The heroine of Scott's novel "The Heart of Mid loth i an," the half-sister of Effie Deans. In her devotion to her sister she walks all the way to London to obtain pardon for Effie from the queen. Her good sense, calm heroism, and disinterestedne move the Duke of Argyll to procure her the desired interview, which is succe ful. Dear born (dērʼborn), Henry. Born at Hampton, N. H., Feb.23, 1751: died at Roxbury, Ma ., June 6, 1829. An American general and politician. He served through the Revolution; was secretary of war 1801-09; captured York (Toronto) in 1813; and was minister to Portugal in 1822-24. Dear born, Henry Alexander Scammell. Born at Exeter, N. H., March 3, 1783: died at Roxbury, Ma ., July 29, 1851. An American politician, son of Henry Dear born. He was collector of the port of Boston 1812-29; was elected to the Ma achusetts legislature in 1829; became a State senator in 1830; was in 1831 elected to Congre where he served one term; and was made adjutant-general. f Ma achusetts in 1835, from which post he was removed in 1843 for having furnished arms to Rhode Island during Dorr's rebellion. He was mayor of Roxbury from 1847 until his death. He wrote "Internal Improvements and Commerce of the West" (1809). Death of Blanche. See Book of the Duche . Death of Cæsar. A painting by Gérôme (1867), in the gallery of J. J. Astor, New York. Cæsar's body lies at the foot of Pompey's statue; the conspirators, still holding their daggers, are grouped in the background, and all the senators but one have fled from their seats. Death of General Wolfe, The. A painting by Sir Benjamin West (1771), in Grosvenor House, London. The general lies on the ground supported and surrounded by soldiers one of whom holds the union jack, In the distance a soldier runs toward the group, bearing captured French flag. Death of Marlowe, The. A tragedy by R. H. Horne, published in 1837. Death's Jest Book, or The Fool's Tragedy. A tragedy by T. L. Beddoes, published shed in 1850, the year after the author's death. It is the true story of the stabbing of a duke in the 13th century by his court fool. Death Valley (deth val'i), or A margosa Des ert (ä-mär'gō-sä dez'ėrt). A desert region in Inyo County, eastern California, near the Nevada frontier, lying 160 feet below the sea-level. Deauville (do-vēl'). A watering-place in the department of Calvados, France, adjoining Trouville. Debatable Land. A region on the border of England and Scotland, between the Esk and Sark, formerly claimed by both kingdoms. Debbitch (deb'ich), Deborah. In Sir Walter Scott's novel "Peveril of the Peak," the governante of Alice Bridge north. She was coquettish and deceitful. Debit and Credit. See Soll und Haben . Deborah (deb'ō-rä). [Heb., 'a bee.'] A prophet e and judge of Israel. She lived on Mount Ephraim, between Ramah and Bethel. She summoned Barak to de New Orleans in 1846. Debreczin (de'bret-sin), Magyar Debreczen. A royal free city situated in the county of Hajduken, Hungary, in lat. 47° 32′ N., lon N., long. 21° 37′ E. It is one of the chief places in Hungary, and an important commercial center, having four annual college, and in 1849 was the seat of the Hungarian revolufairs and a noted horse-market. It contains a Protestant tionary government. Population (1900), 75,006, Debro es (de-bros'), Charles. Born at Dijon, France, Feb. 17, 1709: died at Paris, May 17, 1777. A French man of letters. He wrote "Lettres sur Herculaneum" (1750), "Lettres sur l'Italie," etc.