Achæa

See Achaia. Achæan League (a-kē'an lēg). 1. A religious confederation in Achaia, consisting at the time of Hero dot us of twelve cities: Pellene, Ægeira, Ægæ, Bura, Helike, Ægion, Rhypes, Patræ, Pharæ, Olenos, Dyme, and Tritæa. Later Rhypes and Egæ fell into decay, and their places in the confederacy were taken by Leontion and Keryneia. In 373 B. C. the number of cities was reduced to ten by the destruction of Helike and Bura by an earthquake. A common sacrifice to Poseidon was held at Helike until that town was destroyed, when Ægion became the center of the confederation, and the common sacrifices were held in honor of Zeus Homagyrios and Demeter Panachæa, the chief divinities of Ægion. The confederacy was di olved by the policy of Philip of Macedon and Alexander. 2. A political confederation of Achæan and other Greek cities extending over the period from 281 B. c. to 146 B. C. After the death of Ly. simachus in 280 B. c., the Achæan cities Dyme, Patræ, Tritæa, and Pharæ formed a confederation to resist the two strategi (after 255 B. C. only one), who, in conjunction with the hipparch us or commander of the cavalry, and an under-strategus, commanded the federal army, and were "fid us Achates," of Æneas. Acheen. See Achin . intrusted with the conduct of war; a state secretary; Achelous (ak-e-lō'us), or Acheloos (-os). [Gr. and an apparently permanent council of ten demiurgi, Άχελφος .] In ancient geography, a river in who appear to have presided at the great a emblies. Achæi (a-ke'i). [Gr. Ἀχαιοί .] The Achæans, one of the four principal races of the Greeks. Their chief places of abode were southern The aly and eastern Peloponnesus. The name is sometimes extended poetically to all the Greeks. In Homeric times they had a certain preponderance of influence over the other Hel- lenes. Achæmenes (a-kem'ō-nēz). [Gr. Ἀχαιμένης, OPers. Hakhamani , the friendly (Sayce).] The Greece (the modern Aspropotamo), which rises in Epirus, forms part of the boundary between ancient Ætolia and A carn an i a, and flows into the Ionian sea. Its length is about 130 miles. Achenbach (äch'en-bäch), Andreas. Born at Ca el, Germany, Sept. 29, 1815. A noted Ger landscape Achenbach Pos wal dari on a inter Dü eldorf, royal family of the Achæmenide: the name was later used as a family name, as by one of the sons of Darius Hystaspis. See Achæmenidæ. Achæmenide (ak-e-men'i-dē). An ancient royal family of Persia, founded about 600 в. с. The following are the names of its leading members: Achæmenes, Cyrus the Great, Cambyses (Gomates, the Magian usurper), Darius Hystaspis, Xerxes I., Artaxerxes I., Xerxes II., Sogdianos, Darius Ochus, Artaxerxes Mnemon, Ochus, Árses, Darius Codomannus. Also Achæmenides, Ache me nides , Achemenids . Achæus (a-kē'us), or Achaios (a-kī'os). [Gr. Αχαιός .] A Greek poet of Eretria in Eubœa, who flourished from about 484 B. c. to 448. He was the author of forty-four dramas, only fragments of which remain. The titles of seventeen are known. He contended with Sophocles and Euripi des. Achaia (a-ka'yä). [Gr. Ἀχαία . ] 1. In ancient geography: ( a ) A small region in southern The aly, containing Phthia, hence called Achaia Phthiotis. It was probably the original home of the Achæan race, and it retained its name as late as the time of Hero dot us. See the extract.