Crush room

An ante-chamber; as, the crush room of an opera-house. Cru'so, in New York , a post-office of Seneca co. Crust, n. [Lat. crusta ; It. crost a; Ger. kruste ; Low A.S. korste; O. Ger. krusta; W. crest ; allied to Gael. rusg, rind, skin, bark.] Any sheli or hard outer coat, covering, or case of anything; as, a crust of soot, the crust of society. -Shaped like a leg or root. Crusade', n. [Fr. croisade , from Lat. crux, crucis, a cro ; It. croci at a ; Sp. cruzida .] ( Hist .) A military ex- pedition under the banner of the cro , as that against -A piece of hard bread; a piece of bread hardened by the infidels of the Holy Land. -Any war or expedition undertaken on pretence of defending the cause of religion; a romantic or enthusiastic enterprise; as, a crusade against vice. _ A coin of Portugal. See CRUSADO. ( Hist .) In the European history of the Middle Ages, crusades were wars undertaken by confederacies of chief's and soldiers, with a religious object. Those which were engaged in by a great part of the nations of Europe for the recovery of Palestine from the infidels, are now frequently denoted by this peculiar name. The term cru sade is derived from the sacred symbol of the cro , long keeping. "Give me a crust of bread, and liberty."-Pope. -The cover or case of a pie; as, short crust . -An incrustation or collection of concreted matter found in bottles of wine; as, the crust of port-wine. Crust of the Earth . See SECTION II. . a. To cover with a crust or with a hard case or coat; to spread over the surface a substance harder than the matter covered. "Crusted with bark, and hard'ning into wood."-Add is on. -To cover with concretions. which was borne by the warriors engaged in it over their -v. n. To gather or contract into a hard covering; to arms; the color of the cro often served to designate incrust; to envelop; as, crusted with bark. the nation of the soldier; as the white cro on a red -To concrete or freeze, as superficial matter; as the pond ground, France; the red cro on a white ground, Eng crusted in a few hours. land. The principal C. for the conquest of Palestine were: 1. The first , A. D. 1096, excited by the preaching of Peter the Hermit and the encouragement of Pope Urban II., in which Godfrey of Bouillon headed the Christians, who made themselves masters of Jerusalem and a great part of Palestine. 2. The second, A. D. 1142, in which Conrad III. of Germany and Louis VII. of France led armies to complete the conquest of Palestine, but without succe . 3. The third , A. D. 1189, was occasioned by the capture of Jerusalem by Sultan Salad in; Frederick (Barb a ro a) of Germany, Philip August us of France, and Richard Coœur de Lion of England, were the chief among the confederate monarchs; the capture of Acre was almost the only fruit of this great expedition. 4. The fourth crusade was conducted by the king of Hungary, Andrew II., in 1217. 5. The fifth (1228) was conducted by Frederick 11. (grandson of Barb a ro a), who recovered Jerusalem, but for a short time. 6. The sixth , A. D. 1248, by Saint Louis, king of France, against Egypt, but without succe . Among other wars which have been at various times denoted by the name of C. , that against Raymond, count of Toulouse, and his heretical va als, the Albigeois, of which the first leader was the famous Simon de Montfort, is the most memorable. (See ALBIGENSES.) Whether the C. exercised a beneficial influence on the state and condition of society, is a question which has long engaged the attention of the learned. They were undoubtedly carried on at an enormous expense of human life, and, in the end, produced no material result, while during their continuance they nece arily retarded all progre in the peaceful pursuits of the arts or manufactures; but, on the other hand, we believe that they have exercised a most beneficial influence upon the civilization of Europe. The various nations of Europe were united together in one common cause, and taught to know and sympathize with each other; they were brought into contact with two new civilizations, the Greek and the Saracenic, each more advanced and refined than their own and commercial enterprise received from the C. its first and greatest stimulus.