Agassiz, J L. R.

Agades (ä'ga-dez). The capital of the sultanate of Asben (or Aïr), in Africa, about lat. 17° N., long. 7° 45′ E. Population, about 7,000. Agag (a'gag). [Heb.; of uncertain meaning.] 1. An A male kite king, spared by Saul, contrary to his vow, and slain by order of Samuel. 1 Sam. xv.-2. A character in Dryden's "Absalom and Achitophel," a satire of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, a magistrate who received the declaration of Titus Oates. He was afterward found in a ditch dead and mutilated, hence the allusion (see def. 1). Agamemnon (ag-a-mem'non). [Gr. Ἀγαμέμνων .] 1. In Greek legendary history, the son of Atreus, king of Mycense, and the most powerful ruler in Greece. He led the Greek expedition against Troy, and on his return was slain, according to Homer, by Ægisthus, according to Æschylus, by his wife Clytemnestra, who was incited to the deed partly by jealousy of Cas sandra, and partly through fear on account of her adultery with Ægisthus. 2. The greatest of the tragedies of Æschylus. The scene is laid in Argos, in the palace of Agamemnon, at the time of the king's return from the capture of Troy; the catastrophe is the murder (behind the scenes) of Agamemnon and Cas sandra (whom he has brought captive with him) by the queen Clytemnestra urged on by her paramour Ægisthus. Tragedies with this subject have been written also by Seneca, Alfieri, and Lemercier. Agamenticus (ag-a-men'ti-kus), Mount. A high, County, County near the hill, southwestern extremity of the State of Maine. The locality was the site of one of the earliest English colonies in Maine, led by Gorges and others, in 1631. Agaña (ä-ga'nyä). The principal place in the Ladrones, Pacific Ocean, situated on the island of Guahan. Aganippe (ag-a-nip'ē). [Gr. Ἀγανίππη.] In ancient geography, a fountain near Mount Helicon, in Bœotia, Greece, sacred to the Muses. It was believed to inspire those who drank of it, and it gave the name "Aganippides" to the Muses. See Helicon . Agape (ag'a-pē). [Gr. ἀγάπη , love.] In Spenser's "Faerie Queene," a fay, the mother of three knights born at a birth, for whom she obtained the gift that if one were killed his strength should pa into the remaining brothers or brother. Agapetus (ag-a-pē'tus) I. [Gr. Ἀγαπητός , beloved.] Pope from June, 535, to April, 536, son of Gordianus, a Roman priest. He went to Constantinople in 536, and there deposed Anthimus the Eutychian, patriarch of Constantinople. The Roman Church celebrates his festival Sept. 20. Agapetus II. Pope from 946 to 955, a Roman by birth. Agapida (ä-gä-pē'тнä), Fray Antonio. The fictitious writer to whom Washington Irving originally attributed the authorship of the "Conquest of Granada." Agard, or Agarde (a-gärd'), Arthur. Born at Foston, Derby shire, 1540: died at London, Aug. 22, 1615. Ăn English antiquary, clerk in the Exchequer, and (1603) deputy chamberlain. He prepared catalogues of state papers, compiled a list of all the leagues, treaties of peace, "intercourses," and marriages arranged between England and other countries down to the end of the 16th century, and wrote a Latin treatise on the Doomsday Book. He bequeathed his numerous MSS. partly to the Exchequer and partly to his friend Robert Cotton. Most of them are now in the British Museum. Agardh (ä'gärd), Jakob Georg. Born at Lund, Sweden, Dec. 8, 1813. A Swedish naturalist, son of K. A. Agardh, profe or of botany at Lund: author of "Species, Genera, et Ordines Algarum,", "The or i a System at is System at is Natural is Plant arum" (1858), etc. Agardh, Karl Adolf. Born at Bastad, Sweden, Jan. 23, 1785: died at Carlstad, Sweden, Jan. 28, 1859. A noted Swedish naturalist and political economist, profe or of botany and economics at the University of Lund 1812, and bishop of Carlstad 1834. His most important scientific works are "System a Algarum" (1824), "Icones Algarum Europæarum" (1828-35), "Lärob ok i Botanik" (1830-32). Agasias (a-gas'i-as). [Gr. Ἀγασίας .] A sculptor of Ephesus. According to the inscription on the statue he was the sculptor of the so-called Borghese Gladiator (which see) in the Louvre. This inscription is in late Greek characters which place the work at about the last century of the Roman republic. Aga iz (ag'a-si; F. pron. ä-gä-sē'), Alexander. Born at Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Dec. 17, 1835. An American zoölogist and geologist, son of J. L. R. Aga iz, director and curator of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University, Cambridge, Ma . Aga iz, Jean Louis Rodolphe. Born at Motier, canton of Fribourg, Switzerland, May 28, 1807: died at Cambridge, Ma ., Dec. 14, 1873. A celebrated Swi -American naturalist, especially noted as a geologist (researches on mythology: 1. A son of Heracles, and ances- tor of Crœsus.-2. A servant of Priam, who exposed Paris on Mount Ida.-3. The bravest last to be slain by Uly es. Agen (ä-zhon'). The capital of the department of Lot-et-Garonne, France, the ancient Agin num, on the Garonne about lat. 44° 13' N., long. 0° 39′ E. It has a cathedral. It was the capi- tal of the Nitiobriges, and later of the Agéno is, and was the scene oferind the biggen, and was Lacépède. Population (1891), 23,234. Agendicum (a-jen'di-kum). The ancient name of Sens, France. Agéno is (ä-zhā-nwä'), or Agénais (ä-zhā-nā'). A former district of France, comprised in the modern department of Lot-et-Garonne. Agenor (a-jē'nôr). [Gr. Ἀγήνωρ.] 1. In Greek legend: ( a ) A king of Phœnicia, son of Posei- don and Libya, and father of Cadmus and Eu- ropa. (b) A son of Phegeus, king of Psophis in Arcadia, one of the slayers of Alemæon, slain, in turn, by Alcmeon's son. (c) A brave Trojan warrior, son of Antenor, who appears in the II- iad as a leader in the attack on the fortifications of the Greeks. He fought with and wounded Achilles, and Apollo a umed his form in order to lead Achilles away from his pursuit of the retreating Trojans. Age of Innocence. A noted painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds, in the National Gallery, Lon- don. It represents a little girl seated on the ground in a wooded landscape. Ager (a'ger), Captain. A character in Middle- ton and Rowley's play "A Fair Quarrel," a soldier of delicate and noble nature who makes, IMG:content-0032.png:[blocks in formation] Agib (a'gib). 1. The third Calendar in the story of "The Three Calendars" in the "Ara- bian Nights' Entertainments."- 2. In the story of Noureddin Ali and Bed redden Ha an in "The Arabian Nights," a son of Bed redden Ha an and the Queen of Beauty. Agilolfinger (ä-gi-lol'fing-er). The family of the earliest dukes of Bavaria. The line began about 590 (5301) and ended in 788. Agilulf (ä'gi-lulf). Died 616. A duke of Turin and king of Lombardy. Agin court (aj'in-kort; F. pron. äzh-an-kör'). A village in the department of Pas-de-Calais, France, about 29 miles southeast of Boulogne, noted for the victory gained there Oct. 25, 1415, (-dros). [Gr. Ἀγήσανδρος.] A Greek sculptor, Agis II. King of Sparta from about 426 to 399 Polydorus of Rhodes he carved the Laocoön Agis III. King of Sparta 338-330 B. C. He was (which see). Agesilan of Colchos. The principal character in the romance of that name in the eleventh and twelfth books of "Amadis of Gaul." Agésilas (ä-zhā-se-läs'). A tragedy by Cor- neille, produced in 1666. Agesilaus (a-je-si-lā'us) II., or Ages i laos (-os). [Gr. Αγησίλαος.] Died in Egypt in the winter of 361-360 B. c. King of Sparta from 399 to 361 B. c., a son of Arch i dam us II. of the Eu- rypontid line, by his second wife Eupolia, and half-brother of Agis II. whom he succeeded. In 396 he came to the relief of the Asiatic Greeks against Persia, and in the following year defeated the satraps Ti aphernes and Pharnabazus. In 394, as he was prepar- ing to enter the heart of the empire, he was called home ome by the ephors to take part in the Corinthian war, stirred up against Sparta by Persian gold. In 394 he defeated the troops of the allies at the battle of Coronea in Bœotia. In 393 he ravaged Argolis, in 392 the Corinthian territory, and in 391 reduced the A carn an i ans. In 369 he main tained the unwalled Sparta against the attacks of four armies. He was present at the battle of Mantineia in 362, and in 361 he cro ed with a Lacedæmonian army of mercenaries into Egypt. Agger of Servius Tullius. [L. agger , mound, rampart.] An especially important stretch of the Servian Wall of Rome, extending from the Colline Gate, on the site of the present Ministry of Finance, acro the low ground to the Es- quiline Gate, adjoining the existing Arch of Gallienus, at the foot of the Esquiline. In the middle of the Agger there was a third gate, the Porta Viminal is. The Agger consisted of a great mound of earth, in front of which there was a ditch 30 feet deep and 100 wide. The mound had a very ma ive retaining- wall in front, rising 30 feet above the top of the ditch, and a lighter wall at the back. An impre ive length of the front wall is standing, close to the railway-station. Aggershus (äg'gers-hös), or Akershus (ä'kers- hös). An amt or province of southeastern Norway. Area, 2,055 square miles. Population (1891), 99,111. Aggtelek. See Agtelek . Aghasura (a-ghä'sö-ra). ['The Asura or de- mon Agha.'] In Hindu mythology, an asura who was general of Kansa, king of Mathura, and second cousin of Krishna. He took the form of a huge serpent, and Krishna's companions the cowherds entered into its mouth, mistaking it for a cavern, Krishna rescuing them. Agnes Father"), held that Christ, as man, was ignorant of many things, and specifically of the time of the day of judgment. Also Agnoïtæ, Agnoïtes . Agnolo (ä'nyō-lō), Baccio d'. Born at Florence about 1461: died 1543. A Florentine architect. Agobard (F. pron. äg-o-bär'). Born 779: died June 6, 840. A Frankish theologian, archbishop of Lyons 816. Agora (ag'ō-ra), The. [Gr. ἀγορά , a embly, market-place.] A large irregular area in Athens, entered beneath the northeast angle of the Colo lished in 1842. IMG:content-0033.png:[blocks in formation] 1847. Agnes Grey. A novel by Anne Brontë, published under the signature of "Acton Bell" in Agnes of Austria. Born 1281: died 1364. Daughter of the German king Albert I., and wife of Andrew III. of Hungary, notorious for her vengeance on all connected with the murderers of her father. Agnes of Meran. A German counte of Orlamünde, said to have lived about 1300 and to have put to death her two children. Afterward as the "White Lady" she was popularly supposed to haunt the castles of the Hohenzollerns. See White Lady . Agnes of Poitou. Died Dec. 14, 1077. Second consort of the emperor Henry III., and daughter of William V., duke of Aquitaine. At the death of Henry III., Oct. 5, 1056, she became guardian of her son, Henry IV. A conspiracy of the nobility deprived her of the regency in May, 1062, when the young king was abducted from Kaiserswerth to Cologne by Anno, archbishop of Cologne. Agnes Sorel. See Sorel , Agnes . Agnesi (ä-nya'zē), Maria Gaetana. Born at Milan, May 16, 1718: died at Milan, Aug. 4, 1799. An Italian lady, appointed profe or of mathematics at Bologna in 1750, noted for her acquirements in languages and science: author of "Instituzioni Anal it i che" (1745), etc. Agnesi, Maria The res a. Born at Milan, 1724: died about 1780. An Italian composer and pianist, sister of M. G. Agnesi: author of the operas "So fon is be," "Ciro in Armenia," "Nitoeri," and "Insubria Consol a to." Agnethlen (äg'net-len). A town in Transylvania, about 25 miles northeast of Hermann stadt. Population, about 3,000. Agnew (ag'nu), Cornel i us Rea. Born at New York, Aug. 8, 1830: died there, April 18, 1888. A noted American physician and surgeon, elinical profe or of diseases of the ear and eye in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York city (1869). Agnew, David Hayes. Born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Nov. 24, 1818: died at Philadelphia, March 22, 1892. An eminent American surgeon, appointed in 1870 profe or of operative surgery, and in 1871 of the principles and practice of surgery, in the University of Pennsylvania. Agnew, Patrick. Born 1822: died at Multán, India, April 21, 1848. An English Indian civil servant, murdered with his companion, Lieutenant W. A. Anderson, by the retainers of Mulráj, dewan or governor of Multán. This incident led to the second Sikh war. Agni (ag'ni). [Skt.,=L. ignis , fire.] In Hindu mythology, the god of fire. In the Veda he is the conveyer of the sacrifice, me enger and priest of men, their protector against the horrors of the darkne , the defender of the home. As one of the chief divinities of the Vedas great numbers of hymns are addre ed to him, more than to any other god. He is one of the three great deities Agni, Vayu (or Indra), and Surya, who preside respectively over earth, air, and sky. Agni Purana (ag'ni pö-ränä). A Purana (so named as supposed to have been communicated by Agni to Vasishtha) devoted to the glorification of Siva, but of very various contents, ritual, cosmical, ethical, military, legal, medical, rhetorical, grammatical, taken largely from earlier works. It is quite modern, and has no legit i mate claim to be regarded as a Purana. Agnié. See Mohawk . Agniehronnon. See Mohawk . Agnoëtæ (ag-no-e'tē). [Gr. Ἀγνοηταί, the igno rant ones.] 1. A Christian sect of the 4th century, which denied the omniscience of the Supreme Being, maintaining that God knows the past only by memory, and the future only by inference from the present.-2. A sect of the 6th century, followers of The mist i us, deacon of Alexandria, who, on the authority of Mark xiii. 32 ("But of that day and that hour knoweth no man,... neither the Son, but the Theseum, by the broad portico-bordered Dromos street running to the Dipylon Gate, thence pa ing along the base of the "Theseum" hill, and extending one branch north of the Areopagus, and another around the western end of the A reo This last portion was especially the political agora, while pagus, and between the Pnyx and the Acropolis. the portion north of the Areopagus was more particularly the original commercial agora or market-place, embracing as well a number of religious foundations, the famous porticos, the Basileios, Eleutherios, and Poikile, and the Boule uteri on or senate-house. The position of the new agora or oil-market is fixed by its existing Gate of Athena Arc he get is: much of its inclosure also remains, south of the Stoa of Hadrian, and further east than the old agora. The great Stoa of Attalus II. undoubtedly faced on part of the commercial agora, and the so-called Stoa of the giants is within the area of the agora. Agricola, Johann Fried rich entire size, including the cloistered court, is only 187 by 234 feet, but the building is a gem of Mogul artistic design and execution. (4) The tomb of Itimad ud-Daulah, built under Jehangir, in the early 17th century. By its inlaid work in stone, po ibly of Italian derivation, it marks an epoch in the Indian-Saracenic style. The exterior forms a single story with octagonal towers at the angles, and is surmounted by a square central pavilion with three arcades to a side, widely projecting bracketed cornice, and a domical roof. All the openings of the monument except the central portal are closed by marble slabs pierced in geometrical patterns of marvelous delicacy. (5) The Taj Mahal (which see). Agræ (a'gre). [Gr. αἱ Ἀγραί.] A suburb of an cient Athens extending eastward from opposite the temple of Olympian Zeus over the hills on the south bank of the Ili us. In it lies the Panathenaic Stadium. Agram (ä'gräm), Slav. Zagreb (zägreb). 1. A county in the northwestern part of Croatia and Slavonia. Population, 483,259.-2. A royal free city, capital capital of the crownland of Croatia and Slavonia, Slavonia, Austria-Hungary, situated near the Save about lat. 45° 49′ N., long. 15° 58′ E. It has a trade in wine and grain, and some manufactures, and is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishopric and cathedral, and of a university. The latter was opened in 1874, and had (1896-97) 56 instructors and 437 students. It was devastated by earthquakes in 18801881. Population (1890), 37,529, Agramant (ä'grä-mänt). In Boiardo's "Or lan do In nam or a to" and Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso," the young king of Africa. Agora crit us (ag-ō-rak'ri-tus), or Agorakritosu (-tos). [Gr. Αγοράκριτος .] A Greek sculptor, Agramonte y Loinaz (ä-grä-mon'te ē lō-ē- a native of Paros, the favorite pupil of Phi- dias and the rival of Alcamenes. His most famous statue was a Nemesis, probably repre- sented by a little statue in the Later an. Agordo (ä-gôr'do). A small town in the prov- ince of Belluno, northern Italy, situated on the Cordevole 14 miles northwest of Belluno. There are important mines of copper and other minerals in the vicinity. Agosta (ä-gos'tä), L. August a (a-gus'tä). A seaport in the province of Syracuse, Sicily, about 13 miles north of Syracuse. It was over- thrown by an earthquake in 1693. Near here, April 22, 1676, the French fleet defeated the Spanish and Dutch. Population, about 12,000. Agostini (ä-gōs-te'nē), Leonardo. Born at Siena, Italy: lived in the 17th century. An Italian antiquary, appointed inspector of an- of tiquities by Pope Alexander VII.: editor a new edition of Paruta's "Sicilian Medals," etc. Agostini, Paolo. Born at Vallerano, Campagna Romana, Italy, 1593: died at Rome, 1629. A noted Italian composer, chiefly of sacred music, maestro at the Vatican Chapel (1629). Agostino de Duccio (ä-gōs-te'nō de dö'chiō). Born at Florence, 1418: died at Perugia, 1498. näz'), Ignacio. Born at Puerto Principe, 1841: killed at the encounter of Jimaguayú, July 1, 1873. A Cuban revolutionist, one of the leaders of the revolts of 1867 and 1868, commi ioned major-general by Cespedes. He commanded the insurgents in Camagüey, and subsequently their entire force. Agraulos. See Aglauros . Agravaine (ag'ra-vān), Sir. In the romances of chivalry, a knight of the Round Table, surnamed L'Orgueilleux ('The Proud'). Agraviados (ä-grä-ve-ä'THōs). [Sp., 'the discontented.'] In Spanish history, the adherents of the Hapsburgs in Spain in the 18th century, who opposed recognition of the Bourbons; also, the partizans of an unsucce ful absolutist outbreak in 1826-28. Agreda (ä-gra Thậ). A small town in the province of Soria, Spain, about 60 miles northwest of Sarago a. Agreda, Maria de. Born at Agreda, Spain, 1602: died at Agreda, May 24, 1665. Spanish mystic, abbe the convent of the Immaculate Conception at Agreda. She wrote a life of the Virgin Mary, the contents of which she a erted had been revealed to her. It was characterized by Bo uet as indecent, and was censured by the Sorbonne. Agreeable Surprise, The. A farce by O'Keefe,