Renaissance

(lit. new-birth or revival). The term is popularly applied to the gradual return to cla ical principles in Art in the 13th and 14th centuries. The Italian renai ance, begun by Niccola Pisano in architecture and sculpture, and by Giotto in painting, was fostered by the Medici family, and culminated in Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Teutonic art (Flemish, German, and Dutch) had also their periods of revival. It is, however, impo ible to indicate their representatives without entering upon debateable questions. Goldsmith’s work, pottery, and other useful arts pa ed through parallel periods of revival concurrent, or nearly so, with those in painting.