Leghorn, Italy, Aug

12, 1804: died at Cecina, near Volterra, olterra, Sept. 23, 1873. An Italian author and politician. He was Tuscan premier in 1848, and triumvir and dictator in 1849. Among his historical romances are "La battaglia di Ben even to" (1827), "L'A edio di Firenze" (1836), "Isabella Orsini" (1844). Guerrero (ger-rā'rō). A state of Mexico, bounded by Michoacan, Mexico, More los, and Puebla on the north, Oajaca on the east, and the Pacific Ocean on the southwest. Area, 22,866 square miles. Population (1895), 417,621. Guerrero, Vicente. Born at Tixtla, Aug. 10, 1782: died at Chilapa, Feb. 14, 1831. A Mexican general. He joined the patriots in 1810 and held out until 1821, when he united his forces with those of Iturbide; but when Iturbide became emperor he was one of the leaders of the revolt against him, and after his de. throne ment was a member of the executive junta 1823-24, and vice-president 1824-28. In 1828 he declared against the president elect, Pedraza. The election was was nullified by Congre , which made Guerrero president Jan. 12, 1829: but at the end of the year he was forced to retire to the south. There he kept up an armed resistance, but was eventually captured and shot. Guerrière (gar-ryar), La. A British ship of war captured by the United States ship Constitution during the War of 1812. See Constitution . Guesclin. See Du Guesclin . Gue (ges), George (Sequoyah). Born about 1770: died at San Fernando, northern Mexico, Aug., 1843. A Cherokee half-breed Indian. He invented a Cherokee syllabic alphabet in 1826. Guest (gest), Edwin. Born in Worcesters hire, 1800: died Nov. 23, 1880. A noted English historical writer and archæologist. He graduated at Cambridge in 1824, and became a fellow of his college (Gon. ville and Caius) in 1824, and its master in 1852. He was vice-chancellor of the university 1854-55. He published "History of English Rhythms" (1838), and numerous philological and historical papers, the most important of which relate to the Roman period in Britain. To him principally was due the founding of the Philological Society. Guetlavaca. Same as Cuitlahuatzin . Gueux (gė). [F., 'poor,' ' beggarly'; as a noun, 'beggars,' 'ragamuffins': origin uncertain.] The league of Flemish nobles organized in 1566 to resist the introduction of the Inquisition into the Low Countries by Philip II. The name was previously given to them in contempt, and borne by their followers in the succeeding war. Guevara (ga-vä'rä), Antonio de. Born in the province of Biscay, Spain, about 1490: died in 1545. A Spanish historical writer. He was one of the official chroniclers to Charles V. In 1528 he became a Francis can monk, and accompanied the emperor on his travels and residences in various cities. He was court preacher, imperial historiographer, bishop of Guadix, and bishop of Mondoñedo. He wrote "Relox de Principes" ("Dial for Princes," 1529), "Decada de los Cesares" ("Lives of Ten Roman Emperors "), and "Epistolas Familiares" (1539) letter mome times called Golden Epistles," were very popular, and were translated by Edward Hel. lowes (1574) and Savage (1657): Sir Geoffrey Fenton translated part of them (1579). Guevara also wrote a num. ber of works on theology, navigation, and court life. Guevara, Diego Ladron de. See Ladron de Guevara . Guevara, José. Born at Rocas, New Castile, March 11, 1719: died at Spello, Italy, Feb. 25, 1806. A Spanish Jesuit author. He succeeded Lozano as chronicler of the order in Paraguay; resided in the Platine countries from about 1756 until the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767; and subsequently lived in Italy. His "Hist or i a de la con quist a del Paraguay, etc.," was first published in the Angel is collection 1835, and by Lamas 1882. He wrote various controversial works. Guevara, Luis Velez de. Born at Ecija in 1572 or 1574: died at Madrid in 1644. A Spanish dramatist. Fifteen plays are ascribed to him, among them "Mas pes a el Rey que la Sangre" ("King before Kin"), "Luna da Sierra" ("Diana of the Mountains"), etc. He also wrote the romance "El diablo cojuelo" ("The Lame Devil," 1641), from which Le Sage took "Le diable boi. teux." Gugerni (gu-jer'ni), or Cugerni (kū-jėr'nī), or Guberni (gu-ber'ni). [L. (Tacitus) Gugerni , (Pliny) Guberni .] A German tribe located by Pliny on the lower Rhine between the Ubii and the Batavi, where, also, Tacitus places them at the mouth of the Ruhr. They joined in the rising under Civil is. They were probably a part of the Sugambri. Guglielmi (göl-yel'mē), Pietro. Born at Ma aCarrara, Italy, May, 1727: died at Rome, Nov. 19, 1804. An Italian operatic composer. His works include "I due Gemelli," "La serva in nam or at a," etc. Guha (gö'hä), or Waguha (wä-göʻhä). A Bantu tribe of the Kongo State, settled on both sides of the Lukuga River. Their language is said to be IMG:content-0562.png:[blocks in formation] in Italia" (1681), “Endimione" (1692), etc. Guidi, Tommaso. See Masaccio . Guidiccioni (gwe-de-chō'ne), Giovanni. Born at Lucca, 1500 (1480?): died at Macer at a, Italy, 1541. An Italian ecclesiastic, diplomat, and man of letters. His complete works were pub lished in 1718; "Lettere inedite" (1865). Guido (gwē'dó), surnamed “The Savage." A champion, in Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso," who fights with Marphisa among the Amazons. He marries a number of the latter, Aleria being Guiana, British. A British colony, bounded his favorite. by the Atlantic on the north and northeast, Dutch Guiana on the east, Brazil on the south, and Brazil and Venezuela on the west. Capital, Guido d'Arezzo (gwe'dō dä-ret'sō), often called Guido Aretino (ä-re-te'nō), or Fra Guittone, or Guy of Arezzo. Born at Arezzo, Italy, prob a George town. The leading product is sugar. Rich gold. bly about 990: died near Arezzo about 1050. An are now worked in the western part. There are 3 counties - Berbice, Demerara, E equibo (formerly separate colonies, consolidated in 1831). The region was first settled by the Dutch in 1580; was acquired by the Brit ish in 1803; and was formally ceded to them in 1814. The boundary with Venezuela was determined by arbitration in 1899; that with Brazil has never been fixed. Area (claimed), 109,000 square miles. Population (1891), 288,328. Guiana, Dutch, or Surinam (sö-re-näm'). A Dutch colony, bounded by the Atlantic on the north, French Guiana on the east, Brazil on the south, and British Guiana on the west. Capital, Paramaribo. The leading products are sugar and cocoa. Settled by English in 1652, it was acquired by the Dutch in 1674 in exchange for their North American colonies. It was held by Great Britain from 1804 to 1814. Area, 46,000 square miles. Population (1892), 58,484. Guiana, French, or Cayenne (kā-yen' orki-en'). A French colony, bounded by the Atlantic on the northeast, Brazil on the east and south, and Dutch Guiana on the west. Capital, Ca yenne. It was settled by the French in 1626; was several times taken by the English and Dutch; and was held by the Portuguese 1809-17. Political prisoners were sent there during the French Revolution, and regular penal coast region is very unhealthy, and the colony is steadily declining. Area, 46,850 square miles. Population (1891), 25,796. colonies were established in 1853. The climate of the Guiana, Venezuelan, or Guayana. A former province of Venezuela, corresponding (nearly) to the present state of Bolivar (which see). Guianaus. See Guaynos. Guiart (ge-är'), Guillaume. Born at Orléans about the end of the 13th century. A French chronicler, author of a metrical history of France, in 12,000 verses, entitled "La branche des royaux lignages," covering the period 1165 1306. Guibert of Nogent (ge-bar' ov no-zhon'). Born at Clermont, Oise, France, 1053: died 1124. A noted French historian and scholastic philosopher, a pupil of Anselm and (1104) head of the abbey of Notre Dame de Nogent. Also surnamed Flaviacensis , from the monastery of St. Germer de Flaix, which he entered in 1064. Guibert, or Wibert, of Parma, or of Ravenna. See Clement III., Antipope. Guicciardini (gwe-char-dēnē), Francesco. Born at Florence, March 6, 1483: died near Florence, May, 1540. An Italian historian, and statesman in the pontifical and Medicean service. His chief work is "Storia d'Italia” (“History of Italy," 1561-64: edited by Rosini 1819). His "Opere inedite" were published in 1857. Italian Benedictine monk. He is celebrated for his reforms in musical notation. He went to Rome at the invitation of Pope Benedict VIII., probably in 1022, and again in the time of Pope John XX., to explain his method of teaching music. He seems to have written most of his works at the monastery of Pomposa in the duchy of Ferrara, where he remained for some time teaching his method to the monks and choir-boys. He was afterward made abbot of the monastery of Santa Croce at Avellano, near Arezzo, where he is believed to have died. Guido has been credited with a number of inventions and discoveries, some of which obviously cannot have been his. He wrote the "Micro log us," the "Antiphonarium," "De artificio nov i cantus," "De divis i one monochord i secundum Boëtium," and other works on musical subjects. It appears certain that Guido invented the principle upon which the construction of the Stave is based, and the Fand C Clefs; but that he did not invent the com plete 4-lined Stave itself. There is strong reason to be lieve that he invented the Hexachord, Solmisation, and the Harmonic Hand; or, at least, first set forth the prin ciples upon which these inventions were based. Finally, it is certain that he was not the first to extend the Scale downwards to Iut; that he neither invented Diaphonia, Discant, Organum, nor Counterpoint; and that to credit him with the invention of the Monochord and the Poly plectrum is absurd. Grove, Dict. Music, IV. 661. Guido Reni. See Reni . Guido y Spano (gwē ́dō ē späʼnō), Carlos. Born at Salta, March 8, 1832. An Argentine politician and poet. He was president of the National Congre in 1865, served in the Paraguay an war, and from 1872-76 was president of the Senate. Most of his poems are included in the collection "Hojas al Viento" (Buenos Ayres, 1871). Guienne, or Guyenne (ge-en'). A name frequently given in its later history to Aquitaine, especially in the name of the government Guienne and Gascony. Guienne and Gascony. An old government of southwestern France. Guignes (geny), Chrétien Louis Joseph de. Born at Paris, Aug. 25, 1759: died at Paris, March 9, 1845. A French Sinologist, son of Joseph de Guignes. He was appointed in 1784 con sul at Canton and French resident in China, where he remained 17 years. He wrote various papers and works on China, and edited a "Dictionnaire chino is, français et latin" (1813), based on a manuscript work by Basil of Glemona, a Roman Catholic mi ionary in China. Guignes, Joseph de. Born at Pontoise, France, Oct. 19, 1721: died at Paris, March 19, 1800. A French Orientalist. His works include "His to ire générale des Huns, des Turcs, des Mogols, et autres Tatares occidentaux," etc. (1756-58), etc. Guild ens tern. See Rosencrantz . Guild ford (gil'ford). The capital of the county of Surrey, England, situated on the Wey 29