IBLIS

(Arab. from Gk, diabolos), fallen angel whose history is related in the Koran. A poet; author of valuable anthology. i mad an theological writer and mystic; chief work, the valuable Alfut®hat almar, kkatja (The Me an Revelations). eller and writer; 6. at Tangier; spent many years treavelling in Asia, Africa, and Europe, visiting Egypt, Palestine, Persia, Me so pot am i a, Arabia, Asia Minor, Ru ia, India, China, and Spain;, he made pilgrimage to Mecca four times, and during visit to India was appointed kazi at Delhi; wrote an interesting account of his travels. cent.), Jewish thinker; wrote poetic, liturgical, and philosophical works; his philosophy was influenced by Neo platonism and sometimes thought heretical by Jews; his Arabic work trans. into Latin influenced the Schoolmen. ‘historian; served various rulers, at Fez Tiemcen, and Tunis; app. cadi at Cairo, ‘1384, 1399; author of Universal History, a work dealing chiefly with Arabs and Berbers. adopted s. of Muhammad Ali, viceroy of Egypt; supported Turkey in Gk. War of ‘Independence, and was defeated by Allies at Navarino, 1827; twice invaded Syria; defeated Turks at Nezib, 1839; viceroy ‘of Egypt, 1858. weg, dramatist and poet; b. Skien; served -seven years in a chemist’s shop at Grimstad; wrote blank-verse plays, which were produced, and took part in stage management, 1850 onwards, at Bergen. ‘The Warriors in Helgeland, a romantic dramatic poem, was printed in 1858, but refused by managers. His first great protest against social conventions was Love’s - Comedy; its hero makes eloquent poetic diatribes (furnishing Shaw with some at_ tractive characters), and epitomizes the moral in the last line—‘A health to Amor, late of earth, in tea.’ Brand, a beautiful lyric against moral deadneé , appeared in 4866; its theme was repeated in the greater Peer Gynt, with its marvellous songs. From this time Ibsen’s position in literature was a ured. He now abandoned verse and substituted analysis and frony for lyrical attacks on middle-cla vices. The Pillars of Society, 1877, started an exposure of the bourgeoisie, a constant theme of novelists and play- -wrights since. A Doll’s House, 1879, « Hedda Gabler, 1890, and other plays have ‘largely destroyed the 19th cent. ideal of.womanline . In An Enemy of the People, *1882, he shows up the cowardice of public ‘opinion. In The Wild Duck, 1884, Ibsen ironically ridicules the attempts of reformers. In numerous other plays he -analyzed modern life and created characters which have become literary personalities.. The Master-Builder, 1892, perhaps his chief work, has hardly yet become absorbed into common thought. Ibsen’s plays have revolutionized dramatic art by their realism and their consummate mastery of stage technique. ISYCUS (fi. VI. cent. B.C.), poet of Gk. colony of Rhegium; fragments remain; cranes cis covered his murderers.