Batenites, Batenists, Batenians

[Arab. (?) esoteric (?).] A sect which came originally from the Mohammedans. Their tenets resembled those of the A a ins. [ASSASSIN.] † bắt-ful, * bă'te-ful, a. [From O. Eng. v. bat = increase.] [BAT (2), v.] [See also BATTEL and BATTEN.] Fertile. "The fertile land of bateful Brytannie." "The batful pastures fenced." Stowe: The Romanes. Drayton: Polyolbion , Song 8. bath (1), * bathe (pl. baths), s. [A.S. bæth (pl. bathu ). In O.S. bath ; Sw., Icel., Dan., Dut., & Ger. bad ; O. H. Ger. pad ; Wel. badh , baza bath Sanse. båd, vâd = to bathe. The idea of heat , though now to some degree lost sight of, was originally prominent.] A. Ordinary Language : 11. The act of bathing; the act of immersing the body in water, or applying water to the body for the sake of cleanline or of health, or as a religious ceremony. and the chimney-piece Chaste Dian bathing ."-Shakesp.: Cymbeline, ii. 4. 2. The water or other liquid used for bathing purposes. (Lit. & fig .) (a) Lit. In the above sense. "Why may not the cold bath , into which they plunged themselves, have had some share in their cure?"-Add is on: Spectator. For hot bath, cold bath, ., see B., I. (b) Fig.: Anything which invigorates or soothes and relieves the mind as a cold or hot bath does the body. "Sleep, The death of each day's life, sore labour's bath , Balm of hurt minds."-Shakesp.: Macbeth, ii. 4. 3. The cavity or ve el in which water for bathing purposes is held; a building fitted up with appliances for bathing purposes. 4. Baths were not much frequented in the earlier period of Grecian history; they became more common afterwards. The Romans during the period of the empire gave much attention to bathing, and not merely Rome but even the provincial cities had public baths, often magnificent. In our own country public baths are of comparatively recent introduction, though they are now completely rooted throughout the several cities and towns. "I was surprised to see several machines out, both of the Municipal and Pavilion Baths . "- Times , Sept. 26, 1879: The Bathing Accident at Boulogne . B. Technically : I. Med . Any substance which constitutes the medium in which the human body, or a part of it, is immersed for the maintenance or recovery of health or strength. The most common media are water of various temperatures, watery vapours, and air. 1. A Water Bath . This may be natural or artificial . Rivers, lakes, and the sea afford facilities for a natural bath; various public and private appliances are designed to furnish an artificial one. In the latter case the temperature of the water may be varied at pleasure. Arranged by temperature, six kinds of baths are in use for medical or other purposes: IMG:content-1110.png:[blocks in formation] All baths below 88° in temperature impart the sensation of cold, those above it of heat. In an artificial bath, not merely can the temperature be raised or lowered at pleasure, but various methods may be adopted of applying the liquid. A bath may be taken by the person walking or plunging into it; by his more or le completely lying down in it; by the sudden affusion of water upon him from above, called the shower - bath ; or by his being sprinkled with it, or applying it to himself by means of a sponge. Or a stream of water may be turned upon him, in which case the name applied is a douche or douse , from Ital. doccia = douche. Or only a part of the body may be immersed, as in the hip - bath and the foot - bath . Moreover, the water employed may be saline or impregnated with other constituents, as 460 sulphur, iodine, or, in the case of a foot-bath, mustard. 2. A Watery - vapour Bath . If it is intended that the vapour should be breathed, there are three grades of temperature in the vapour bath the first from 96° to 106°, the second from 106° to 120°, and the third from 120° to 160°. If not intended to be breathed, there are also three the first from 90° to 100°, the second from 100° to 110°, and the third from 110° to 130°. 3. An Air Bath : The exposure of the naked body to the atmosphere of a room of a certain temperature varying from 90° to 130°. 4. Photography: A solution in which plates or papers are immersed or floated, or the ve el holding such solution. Baths are known as sensitizing [NITRATE OF SILVER], fixing, toning, or washing. II. Chemistry: 1. Formerly ( Spec .): A ve el of water in which another one was placed which required a le er amount of heat than that furnished by the naked fire. 2. Now (Gen.): Any medium, such as heated sand, ashes, or steam, through which heat is applied to a body. III. Heraldry , . Order of the Bath: An order of knighthood, so called because the recipients of the honour were required formally to bathe the evening before their creation. It was instituted by Henry IV. in 1399, and, having fallen into disuse, was revived by George I. in 1725. Under George IV. its regulations were modified, and now there are various sub-divisions of the orderviz., Knights Grand Cro of the Bath (G.C.B.), Knights Commanders of the Bath (K.C.B.), and Companions of the Bath (C.B.). Under each of these cla es BADGE OF THE BATH. there are now a military and a "civil" (meaning a civilian) sub-cla . The ribbon worn by the Knights of the Bath is crimson, with the Latin motto, "Tria juncta in uno = three (England, Ireland, and Scotland, or their emblems, the rose, shamrock, and thistle) joined in one. IMG:content-1111.jpg:[blocks in formation] Bath (2), s. [A.S. Bathan , Bathan ceaster; from bath an = baths. Named from the baths erected over the hot saline and chalybeate springs there existing, the result of old volcanic action in the locality.] Geog. A city, the capital of the county of Somerset. Bath-brick, s . An artificially-manufactured "brick" of the usual form, but formed of calcareous earth. It is used for cleaning knives and various kinds of metal work. Bath-bun, s. A bun richer than a common one, and generally without currants. Bath-chair, s. A small carriage or chair on wheels, drawn by a chairman, and intended for the conveyance of invalids or others for short distances. So called because either originally or principally used at Bath, where the steepne of many of the streets rendered such conveyances especially useful. Bath-chaps, s . Small pigs' cheeks cured for the table.