Archbishop

[Gr. arché, chief, and episkopos, bishop.] ( Eccl. Hist.) The title given to a bishop who, besides exercising episcopal authority in his own diocese, has an admitted superiority over the bishops in his province, who are sometimes called his suffragans. He is also, sometimes, called primate or metropolitan. The title was first used in the 4th century. It was at that time considered as equivalent to patriarch, or bishop of an imperial diocese; as Rome, Constantinople, Antioch, Alexandria, Ephesus. England has two A., those of Canterbury and York. The former is styled Primate of all England, and takes precedence of all under the rank of the blood-royal. The election of an A. does not differ from that of a bishop; but while the latter is only installed in his office, an A. is enthroned. An A. is styled "Grace," and "Most Reverend Father in God," and subscribes himself "by Divine Providence." During the vacancy of a see, the A. is guardian of the spiritualities; and he also nominates to the benefices or dignities at the disposal of the bishops in his province, if not filled up within six months. Archbishopric, n. The jurisdiction, place, or prov- ince of an archbishop. Arch'bold, in Ohio , a post-village of Fulton co., 41 m. W.S.W. of Toledo. Arch-but'tre , n. An arc-boutant. Arch-chamberlain, Arch-chancellor, n. The names formerly given, the first in Germany, and the second in France, to a great officer of the court. Archdea'con, n. ( Eccl . Hist .) A chief deacon; a church dignitary next in rank to a bishop. This office is almost wholly abolished in the Catholic church. The Episcopal church of England still has A. , who are the deputies of the bishops to superintend the clergy of each diocese. Archdea'conry, n. The office, jurisdiction, or res- idence of an archdeacon. Archdea'conship, n. The office of an archdeacon. Archdiocese, n. The diocese of an archbishop. Arch divine', n. A principal theologian. Archdu'cal, a. Pertaining to an archduke. Archduch'e , n. A title given to the females of the House of Austria, and to the wife of an archduke. Archuush'y, n. The territory of an archduke or archduche . Archduke', n. A duke whose authority and power is superior to that of other dukes. In France, in the reign of Dagobert. there was an A. of Austrasia; and at a later period, the provinces of Brabant and Lorraine were termed archduchies. The dukes of Austria a umed the title of A. in 115; but the dignity was not con- firmed till 1453. In the present day, this title is not a umed by any excepting the princes of the imperial House of Austria. Archduke'dom, n. Same as ARCHDUCHY. Arched ( ärcht ), p. a. Made with an arch; covered with an arch; in the form of an arch. Archegosau'rus, n. [ Gr.archegos , leader, and sauros , lizard. ( Pal . ) A fo il saurian reptile, found by Goldfu , in 1847, in large concretionary modules of clay-ironstone, from the coal-field of Saarbrück. Four species have been described. Prof. Owen makes it a remarkable connect- ing link between the reptile and the fish, and on these grounds: it is related to the salamandroid-ganoid fishes by the conformity of pattern in the plates of the exter- nal cranial skeleton, and by the persistence of the chorda dorsal is , as in the sturgeon, while it is allied to the rep- tiles by the persistence of the chorda dorsal is , and the branchial arches, and by the absence of the occipital condyle, or condyles, as in Lepidosiren , and by the pres- ence of labyrinthic teeth, as in Labyrinthodon , which, however, also ally it to the ganoid Lepidosteus . Archela'us, a king of Macedon, natural son and succe or of Perdiccas II. He was a liberal patron of literature and the arts, and greatly favored, among others, Euripi des and Zeuxis. D. about 398 в. с. Archela'us, a Greek philosopher, the disciple and succe or of Anaxagoras. A. is said to have had So crates for his pupil at Athens. Flourished about 440 в. с. Archela'us, son of Herod the Great. His reign is described as most tyrannical and bloody. The people at length accused him before August us, (Judea being then dependent upon Rome.) The emperor, after hearing his defence, banished him to Vienne, in Gaul. To avoid the fury of this monster, 7 A. D., Joseph and Mary retired to Nazareth. Archela'us, the son of A poll on i us, a sculptor. He was a native of Ionia, and is thought to have lived under Claudius. He executed in marble the apotheosis of Homer, which was found, in 1568, at a place called Fra tocchia belonging to the house of Colonna.