FERNS

town of Wexford, Irish Free State. It is 74 miles from Dublin, on the G.S. Rly. Ferns was once an important place, being the residence of the kines of Leinster and the seat of a bishop, whilst for 200 years it sent two members to the Irish Parliament. Pop. (1926), 1,576. FEROZEPOOR. See FIROZPUR. FERRA/RA, a city of N. Italy, capital of the province of same name, Ferrara, the old Castle 28 miles N.N.E. of Bologna, in a fertile but unhealthy plain. it is a well-built town with many remains of the splendour and commercial prosperity it enjoyed under the House of Este. Under the Papal rule it fell into decay, and has now a deserted appearance. The old ducal eastle or palace (now occupied by public offices), several other palaces, the cathedral, the public picture gallery, the houses whore Ariosto and Guarini lived, the cell in which Ta o was imprisoned, a monument to Savonarola, who was born there, the university (founded in 1264, and reopened in 1815), the public library, the old walls, ., deserve mention. Pop. (1931), 115,883. The province was formerly a duchy of Italy held by the House of Este as a Papal fief from 1471 till 1597, when it fell to the Pope. At the unification of Italy under Victor Emmanuel in 1860 it gave its name to a province bounded on the north by the Po, east by the Adriatic, south and west by Ravenna, Bologna, and Modena; 4i4 FERRIER area, 1,013 sd. miles; pop. 366,611 (1931). FERRA‘RI, Giuseppe, an Italian philosopher, born 1812, at Milan, died at Rome in 1876. He studied law at Pavia, but afterwards devoted himself to literature. He first won notice by his edition of Vico’s works (1836-7). Having gone to Franee, he was profe or of philosophy at Str as bourg for a number of years. In i859 he returned to Italy, becoming succe ively profe or at Turin and Milan. Amongst his principal writings are: H ai sur le Principe et les Timites de la Philosophie de Vv Histéotre (1847), Filos of i a deil a Rivo luz i one (1851), Corso di Lezioni sugli Serittori Politict Italian i (1862).