Hayes, August Us

ALLEN, chemist; born at Windsor, Vt., 1806; studied chemistry under Profe or Dana, and in 1828 settled in Boston. He was the discoverer of the organic alkaloid, sanguinaria, and made experiments which led to the construction (1838) of improved furnaces and boilers; was the suggester of reducing pig to malleable iron, without lo , by the use of the oxides of iron; also discovered other new proce es in copper smelting, . He was State A ayer of Ma achusetts for a number of years. Died June 21, 1882. Hayes, ISAAC J., a distinguished American explorer, born in Chester co., Penna., 1832, graduated in medicine from the University of Pennsylvania (1853), and was almost immediately afterward appointed surgeon of Dr. Kane's second Arctic expedition, with which he returned to the U. S. in 1855. Having become convinced that an open polar sea lay around the North Pole, he was anxious to lead an expedition for its exploration. and after some five years of effort, he was enabled, by the liberality of Mr. Henry Grinnell, of New York, the American Geographical and Statistical Society, and Sir Roderick Murchison and other members of the Royal Geographical Society of London, to set sail in July, 1860, in the 133-ton schooner United States, from Boston. Dr. H. penetrated as far north as 82° 45', and made explorations and observations in regard to the country and its inhabitants. After his return, in Oct., 1861, he served as a surgeon in the Union army. After the restoration of peace, H. published The Open Polar Sea: a Narrative of a Voyage of Discovery toward the North Pole. He had previously given some reminiscences of his first voyage in An Arctic Boat Journey (1860); and in 1870 added some incidents of his second journey, in Cast Away in the Cold. In 1869 Dr. H. again visited Green land, and explored the southern coasts of the peninsula in company with the painter Bradford. Dr. H. received, for his discoveries, the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, as well as a like honor from the Société de Géographie, of Paris. He was subsequently elected to the New York Legislature, and died Dec. 17, 1881.